scholarly journals Corticobasal syndrome: A diagnostic conundrum

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacy Bezerra Parmera ◽  
Roberta Diehl Rodriguez ◽  
Adalberto Studart Neto ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Atypical Parkinsonian Syndrome ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents ◽  
Underlying Pathology

ABSTRACT Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is an atypical parkinsonian syndrome of great interest to movement disorder specialists and behavioral neurologists. Although originally considered a primary motor disorder, it is now also recognized as a cognitive disorder, usually presenting cognitive deficits before the onset of motor symptoms. The term CBS denotes the clinical phenotype and is associated with a heterogeneous spectrum of pathologies. Given that disease-modifying agents are targeting the pathologic process, new diagnostic methods and biomarkers are being developed to predict the underlying pathology. The heterogeneity of this syndrome in terms of clinical, radiological, neuropsychological and pathological aspects poses the main challenge for evaluation.

scholarly journals Overview of Food Allergy Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Manea ◽  
Elena Ailenei ◽  
Diana Deleanu
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Allergy Diagnosis ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Food Allergy Diagnosis

Food allergy is a condition with significant social and economic impact and a topic of intense concern for scientists and clinicians alike. Worldwide, over 220 million people suffer from some form of food allergy, but the number reported is just the tip of the iceberg. Recent years have brought new perspectives in diagnosing food allergy. Elucidating incriminated immunological mechanisms, along with drawing the clinical phenotype of food hypersensitivity reactions ensures an accurate diagnosis of food allergy. Moreover, molecular based allergy diagnosis, which is increasingly used in routine care, is a stepping-stone to improved management of food allergy patients.The aim of this review is to summarize the topic of IgE-mediated food allergy from the perspective of current diagnostic methods.

The onset of dementia in patients with an acute ischemic stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 484-484
Author(s):  
C. Bacila
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Great Prevalence ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Anxiety Depression

IntroductionStroke is a disorder that has great prevalence, defined vascular territories and psychiatric signs generally emerge in association with specific cognitive deficits.ObjectiveDementia occurs frecquently after acute ischemic stroke. The incidence of dementia six months after stroke is about 42%. Fortunately, in recent years, more attention has been paid to organic disorders provoked by strokes, especially to dementia.AimTo follow up the occuring dementia after stroke and also to follow the various psychiatric disorders with the onset during or after an acute ischemic stroke.MethodsAltogether 110 patients were recruited to this observational and non-interventional study, patients who were suffering from a psychiatric disorder after an ischemic stroke (according to DSM IV TR). The screening was followed by four visits during six months, when CGI, 17-HAMD, CROCQ and MMSE scales were used.ResultsOf 110 patients, 39,09% has been diagnosed with dementia. A number of these patients (n = 26) developed an onset like paroxistic disorder (60,46%), or an acute syndrom (20,93%) and 8 patients were considered “de novo” (with the onset of cognitive impairement after 60 days). There were various acute disorders occuring in the onset of dementia, that includes: amnestic syndrom, organic delirium, organic anxiety syndrom and a small number of patients (n=2) who developed mild cognitive disorder.ConclusionsThe literature considers vascular dementia occuring after an ischemic stroke and increasing step by step mnestic deficits; our study releaved a metamorphosis of various types of onset (anxiety, depression, delirium) or cognitive impairement could occurs after 30 days.

scholarly journals Corticobasal syndrome: a practical guide

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
Duncan Wilson ◽  
Campbell Le Heron ◽  
Tim Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Language Therapist ◽  
Alien Limb ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extrapyramidal Features ◽  
Underlying Pathology ◽  
Insight Into

Corticobasal syndrome is a disorder of movement, cognition and behaviour with several possible underlying pathologies, including corticobasal degeneration. It presents insidiously and is slowly progressive. Clinicians should consider the diagnosis in people presenting with any combination of extrapyramidal features (with poor response to levodopa), apraxia or other parietal signs, aphasia and alien-limb phenomena. Neuroimaging showing asymmetrical perirolandic cortical changes supports the diagnosis, while advanced neuroimaging may give insight into the underlying pathology. Identifying corticobasal syndrome carries some management implications (especially if protein-based treatments arise in the future) and prognostic significance. Its treatment is largely symptomatic and is best undertaken within a multidisciplinary setting, including a neurologist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech language therapist, psychiatrist and, ultimately, a palliative care clinician. Corticobasal syndrome can be a confusing entity for neurologists, not least because it has over time evolved from being considered predominantly as a movement disorder to a condition spanning a wide range of cognitive and motor manifestations. In this practical review, we attempt to disentangle this syndrome and provide clarity around diagnosis, its underlying pathological substrates, key clinical features and potential treatments.

A Socially Assistive Robot That Can Interpret Body Language

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek McColl ◽  
Goldie Nejat
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Socially Assistive Robots ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Therapies

Socially assistive robots can engage in assistive human-robot interactions (HRI) by providing rehabilitation of cognitive, social, and physical abilities after a stroke, accident or diagnosis of a social, developmental or cognitive disorder. However, there are a number of research issues that need to be addressed in order to design such robots. In this paper, we address one main challenge in the development of intelligent socially assistive robots: A robot’s ability to identify human non-verbal communication during assistive interactions. In this paper, we present a unique non-contact automated sensory-based approach for identification and categorization of human upper body language in determining how accessible a person is to a robot during natural real-time HRI. This classification will allow a robot to effectively determine its own reactive task-driven behavior during assistive interactions. The types of interactions envisioned include providing reminders, health monitoring, and social and cognitive therapies. Preliminary experiments show the potential of integrating the proposed body language recognition and classification technique into socially assistive robotic systems partaking in HRI scenarios.

277 Disentangling corticobasal syndrome from corticobasal degeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. A40.4-A41
Author(s):  
Lamb Ruth ◽  
Rohrer Jonathan ◽  
Lubbe Steven ◽  
Weil Rimona ◽  
Lashley Tammaryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Atypical Parkinsonian Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Mutations in the TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) gene have been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The phenotype is highly variable and has been associated with behavioural variant FTD, primary progressive aphasia and pure amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We describe the clinical, anatomical and pathological features of a patient with onset of a corticobasal syndrome (CBS)/primary progressive aphasia overlap aged 59. The patient presented with progressive speech difficulties and later developed an asymmetric akinetic-rigid syndrome. Neuroimaging showed asymmetrical frontal atrophy, predominantly affecting the right side. There was a strong family history of neurodegenerative disease with 4/7 siblings developing either dementia or ALS in their 50’s-60’s. Following death at age 71, post mortem examination revealed FTLD TDP-43 type A pathology. Genetic screening did not reveal a mutation in the progranulin, microtubule-associated protein tau or C9orf72 genes. However exome sequencing revealed a novel E703X mutation in the TBK1 gene. Although segregation data was not available, this loss of function mutation is highly likely to be pathogenic. In conclusion, we show that TBK1 can be a cause of an atypical parkinsonian syndrome and screening for TBK1 should be considered in CBS patients with a family history of dementia, ALS or CBS.

scholarly journals Yielding Accuracy of Morning and Spot Sputum Samples for Diagnosis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay at EPHI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Habtamu Molla
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Sample Quality ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Good Sample

Background: Tuberculosis is a global health problem and leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Correct diagnosis of tuberculosis is the main challenge for control of tuberculosis. World health organization has prioritized improving diagnostic guidelines and tests for TB diagnosis. Priority has been given for development of new Tuberculosis diagnostic methods. But diagnosis of Tuberculosis highly affected by quality specimen collected which has been given less attention. The aim of this is to assess Yielding accuracy of morning and spot sputum samples for diagnosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/Rifampicin Resistance (RIF).Methodology: Cross sectional study was conducted and convenient sampling technique used to select participants. Checklists used to collect the data from April 1 to May 30, 2018 G.C. A total of two hundred twenty two (222) sputum samples from 111 suspected tuberculosis patients were analyzed using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay. SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: From 111 TB suspected patients, 55.9% were male and the rest of 44.1% was female. In terms of sample quality, 81.1% morning sputum samples and 79.3% spot sputum samples were had good sample quality. The outcomes of the research show an increase in odds value in sputum quality and sputum consistency for TB diagnosis. But, the relation is not significant associationwith TB positivity.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the diagnosis of TB using spot sputum samples as well as using morning sputum samples is almost similar for detection of MTB by Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay. Physical Quality of sputum sample or consistency is not association with TB positivity using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay. Results: From 111 TB suspected patients, 55.9% were male and the rest of 44.1% was female. In terms of sample quality, 81.1% morning sputum samples and 79.3% spot sputum samples were had good sample quality. The outcomes of the research shows an increase in odds value in sputum quality and sputum consistency for TB diagnosis. But, the relation is not significant association with TB positivity. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the diagnosis of TB using spot sputum samples as well as using morning sputum samples is almost similar for the detection of MTB by Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay. Physical Quality of sputum sample or consistency is not associated with TB positivity using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay.   

scholarly journals CORTICOBASAL SYNDROME DUE TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Maciel Pinheiro ◽  
Victor Albuquerque ◽  
Pedro Albuquerque ◽  
Eduardo Maranhão ◽  
Jonathan Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
College Level ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Ideomotor Apraxia ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents

Background: Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that combines cortical and cognitive deficits secondary to different underlying pathological entities. Objectives: to report an early onset dementia case fulfilling criteria of probable CBS due to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) based on biomarkers and neuroimaging. Methods: case report. Results: a 57-yearsold woman with college-level education and 18 months of cognitive decline. The first symptom was progressive inability to change gears in her car, followed by difficulties to get dressed, cognitive and motor complaints. Neurological examination revealed marked limb bilateral ideomotor apraxia and mild asymetric parkinsonism. Cognitive tests showed mild visuospatial and language impairments, scoring 18/30 in the MoCA. Brain MRI and FDG PET showed bilateral posterior atrophy and hypometabolism worse to the left. CSF biomarkers revealed decreased amyloid and increased tau and p-tau levels, a pattern suggestive of CBS due to AD. Conclusions: this case illustrates recent evidence that suggests when AD presents as CBS (CBS-AD), limb apraxia and language impairment are more prevalent. CBS patients with underlying AD pathology and tauopathies correctly diagnosed in the future may benefit from symptomatic therapies and future disease-modifying agents.

scholarly journals Molecular Targets of Natural Compounds with Anti-Cancer Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13659
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kubczak ◽  
Aleksandra Szustka ◽  
Małgorzata Rogalińska
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in humans. Despite rapid developments in diagnostic methods and therapies, metastasis and resistance to administrated drugs are the main obstacles to successful treatment. Therefore, the main challenge should be the diagnosis and design of optimal therapeutic strategies for patients to increase their chances of responding positively to treatment and increase their life expectancy. In many types of cancer, a deregulation of multiple pathways has been found. This includes disturbances in cellular metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, or epigenetic modifications. Additionally, signals received from the microenvironment may significantly contribute to cancer development. Chemical agents obtained from natural sources seem to be very attractive alternatives to synthetic compounds. They can exhibit similar anti-cancer potential, usually with reduced side effects. It was reported that natural compounds obtained from fruits and vegetables, e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, stilbenes, carotenoids and acetogenins, might be effective against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Several published results indicate the activity of natural compounds on protein expression by its influence on transcription factors. They could also be involved in alterations in cellular response, cell signaling and epigenetic modifications. Such natural components could be used in our diet for anti-cancer protection. In this review, the activities of natural compounds, including anti-cancer properties, are described. The influence of natural agents on cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, signal transduction and epigenetic modifications is highlighted.

“My Arm Is Not Working”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robertus M. A. de Bie ◽  
Susanne E. M. Ten Holter
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Atypical Parkinsonism ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Cortical Dysfunction ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Corticobasal syndrome is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of one or more movement disorders suggestive of basal ganglia dysfunction, typically asymmetrical, with evidence of associated cortical dysfunction. This is a pathologically heterogeneous group of disorders that can share a common phenotype. Corticobasal degeneration is one of these pathologies, representing one of the rarest forms of atypical parkinsonism. When confronted with a patient with higher cortical dysfunction, specific assessment for apraxia, cortical sensory loss, and cognition is indicated. Corticobasal syndrome is currently untreatable, regardless of the nature of the underlying pathology, and in most cases progression is fast with significant disability that is typically unresponsive to levodopa.

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