scholarly journals Prion diseases are under compulsory notification in Brazil: Surveillance of cases evaluated by biochemical and/or genetic markers from 2005 to 2007

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Regina Martins ◽  
Hélio Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
Leila Chimelli ◽  
Sergio Rosemberg ◽  
Michele Christine Landemberger
Keyword(s):  
Prion Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Compulsory Notification ◽  
Codon 129

Abstract The emergence of the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom has raised concerns over the risks of this prion disease in other parts of the world. Since 2005, human prion diseases have been under compulsory notification in Brazil. It is well known that some polymorphisms within the cellular prion gene (PRNP) have been associated to a higher susceptibility to sporadic CJD (sCJD) and vCJD. Objectives: To describe the first notified cases and to evaluate the presence of mutations and polymorphisms of the PRNP in these cases. Methods: Thirty-five notified cases were evaluated by clinical, auxiliary exams and biochemical and/or genetic tests and classified according to the World Health Organization criteria for CJD. A control group (N=202) was included for the purpose of comparing the genetic analyses. Results: Twenty seven cases (74%) were classified as possible sCJD while 51% fulfilled the criteria for probable sCJD. Brain tissue analysis was available in three cases, where two were classified as definite sCJD and one as unconfirmed sCJD. Mutation of the PRNP was not found, and regarding the codon 129 polymorphism, valine in both alleles (Val129Val) was more frequent in patients than in the control group (OR=4.98; 1.55-15.96; p=0.007) when all possible cases were included, but not when only probable cases were considered. Conclusions: Our data did not show correlation of PRNP polymorphisms with probable sCJD cases. It is necessary to work toward notification of all cases of possible CJD in Brazil and to increase the rate of definitive diagnoses.

scholarly journals Recent developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of prion diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Keyword(s):  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Prions continue to pose a formidable challenge to life sciences. While human prion diseases are still rare, the incidence of a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom is increasing exponentially - raising fears that it might develop into a major epidemic. This disease is likely to represent the result of human infection with bovine prions. Therefore, understanding how prions replicate and damage the brain, and how their action may be possibly counteracted, has become a major public health issue. Here I examine some current hypotheses concerning the links between bovine and human prion diseases, and the mechanisms by which prions reach and damage the central nervous system after having entered the body at extracerebral sites.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GIVING CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus) TO DECREASE HEMOGLOBIN TROMBOSITE AND IMPROVEMEN IN PRE-ECLAMMED PATIENTS AT DEWI SARTIKA HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Novia Sarmiati ◽  
Erwin Azizi Jaya Dipraja ◽  
La Banudi
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Number Of Births

Background:According to the World Health Organization (WHO) every day in 2015, around 830 women die from complications of pregnancy and child birth. Globally, maternal mortality in the world is 303,000. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia based on the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) in 2012 was around 359 / 100,000 live births, this figure increased compared to 2007, which was around 228 / 100,000 live births. Data from Dewi Sartika General Hospital with preeclampsia cases for the last three years. In 2017, the number of births in 1855 who experienced preeclampsia were 305 cases. In 2018 the number of births in 1822 who experienced preeclampsia was 334 cases. In 2019 the number of deliveries in 2007 who experienced preeclampsia was 377 cases. For 2020 January to June number of deliveries695 the incidence of preeclampsia was 164 cases. Methods:This study used a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test control group method design. The population in this study were all 164 preeclampsia patients from August to October 2020. Result:Test data analysis using testwilcoxon test (? = 0.05) in the cucumber group, it was found that p = 0.000 on decreased hemoglobin and increased platelets Conclusion:There is an effect of cucumber on decreasing hemoglobin and increasing platelets in preeclampsia patients at Dewi Sartika General Hospital.

scholarly journals Authorship diversity among systematic reviews in eyes and vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Qureshi ◽  
Genie Han ◽  
Kolade Fapohunda ◽  
Samuel Abariga ◽  
Renee Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Importance : The inclusion of people from diverse backgrounds, and with different lived experiences is critical to ensuring the questions addressed in systematic reviews (SRs). The subsequent conclusions and recommendations made, are relevant and sensitive to the setting.Objective : To assess the gender and geographic diversity of authors among all Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision as compared with a random sample of non-Cochrane SRs of interventions in the field of eyes and vision.Design : The Cochrane Eyes and Vision United States Satellite maintains a database of SRs in the field of eyes and vision. We selected all (n = 313) Cochrane Library intervention SRs and a random sample of 313 non-Cochrane Library intervention SRs for this study. We extracted gender (‘woman,’ ‘man,’ or ‘unknown’) using a previously developed algorithm and location based on country and the World Health Organization region – of the first and corresponding authors using their full names and affiliations.Results : From the 626 reviews included in our sample, we identified 756 unique authors who comprised 887 author positions (i.e., first and/or corresponding authors). We were able to ascertain the gender of 652/756 (86%) authors: 279 women, and 373 men. Among Cochrane reviews, the proportions of women in first and/or corresponding author positions were consistent and approximately equal to men. Among non-Cochrane reviews, the representation of women was markedly lower as corresponding authors than other positions. We identified a location for each author and found most authors of Cochrane reviews were from the United Kingdom (31%) and United States of America (26%), whereas most authors of non-Cochrane reviews were from China (34%).Conclusions and relevance : Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision appear to have equal representation of women and men among the first and corresponding authors. Compared with non-Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision, Cochrane SRs appear to have a greater concentration of authors who are based in European and North American countries, possibly due to the locations of the Cochrane editorial teams. Cochrane Eyes and Vision should continue to recruit authors from around the world in locations that reflect the global burden of eye disease.

scholarly journals Genome Characterization and Potential Risk Assessment of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant Omicron (B.1.1.529)

Zoonoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Qin ◽  
Mengnan Cui ◽  
Siqi Sun ◽  
Jiyang Zhou ◽  
Zongmin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Population

As the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread around the world, multiple waves of variants emerged, thus leading to local or global population shifts during the pandemic. A new variant named Omicron (PANGO lineage B.1.1.529), which was first discovered in southern Africa, has recently been proposed by the World Health Organization to be a Variant of Concern. This variant carries an unusually large number of mutations, particularly on the spike protein and receptor binding domain, in contrast to other known major variants. Some mutation sites are associated with enhanced viral transmission, infectivity, and pathogenicity, thus enabling the virus to evade the immune protective barrier. Given that the emergence of the Omicron variant was accompanied by a sharp increase in infection cases in South Africa, the variant has the potential to trigger a new global epidemic peak. Therefore, continual attention and a rapid response are required to decrease the possible risks to public health.

Principles of contraception

2010 ◽  
pp. 1262-1268
Author(s):  
John Guillebaud
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Health Organization

Continued use of any method of contraception is related directly to its acceptability. Advisers should be competent to give information about the efficacy, risks, side effects, advantages, disadvantages, and noncontraceptive benefits of each method. Ignorance, especially about conditions not yet evaluated by the World Health Organization or the United Kingdom Medical Eligibility Committee, should be admitted during consultations, in which the clinician and the user, or couple, should be on equal terms: a ‘consultation between two experts’....

An evaluation of the proposal for a multi-axial classification of child psychiatric disorders

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutter ◽  
D. Shaffer ◽  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Axial System ◽  
Diagnosis Classification

SynopsisAs part of its programme on the standardization of psychiatric diagnosis, classification, and statistics, the World Health Organization has sponsored studies in different parts of the world to evaluate systematically a multi-axial approach to classification with particular reference to the field of child psychiatry. Preliminary findings from the United Kingdom study with 22 child psychiatrists are reported. The study included two parts: (1) a reliability study using the case histories of 17 patients; and (2) the testing of the classification in routine clinical practice. The ways in which these methods may be used to evaluate a new system of classification are described. It is concluded that a multi-axial system has such important advantages that it should be tried out further both in the field of child psychiatry and in other branches of psychiatry.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: international update

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Horby ◽  
A Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Local Transmission

As of 2 April 2003, 2223 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and 78 deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO), a case fatality rate of 3.5% (http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/2003_04_02/en/). This is an increase of four to fivefold in the global totals in the last seven days (http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/2003_03_25/en/) with the greatest proportionate and absolute increases being in China (Hong Kong and Guangdong Province), and to a much lesser extent in Canada. There has been little absolute rise in other country totals. Eighteen countries have now reported cases but in most of these no transmission seems to have occurred. Local transmission has occurred in Hanoi (Vietnam), Singapore, Toronto (Canada), Taiwan, and the following parts of China: Guangdong Province; Beijing; Shanxi; and the special administrative region of Hong Kong. In the United Kingdom three probable SARS cases have been reported; all have now recovered. Indeed, the only areas where WHO feels there is evidence consistent with current transmission are Hong Kong and Guangdong (http://www.who.int/csr/sarsarchive/2003_02_02b/en/), and the WHO has issued advice to international travellers not to travel to or through either area.

Low-power laser in the prevention of induced oral mucositis in bone marrow transplantation patients: a randomized trial

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2250-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héliton Spíndola Antunes ◽  
Alexandre Mello de Azevedo ◽  
Luiz Fernando da Silva Bouzas ◽  
Carlos Alberto Esteves Adão ◽  
Claudia Tereza Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Section Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract We investigated the clinical effects of low-power laser therapy (LPLT) on prevention and reduction of severity of conditioning-induced oral mucositis (OM) for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We randomized 38 patients who underwent autologous (AT) or allogeneic (AL) HSCT. A diode InGaAlP was used, emitting light at 660 nm, 50 mW, and 4 J/cm2, measured at the fiberoptic end with 0.196 cm2 of section area. The evaluation of OM was done using the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) scale. In the LPLT group, 94.7% of patients had an OM grade (WHO) lower than or equal to grade 2, including 63.2% with grade 0 and 1, whereas in the controls group, 31.5% of patients had an OM grade lower than or equal to grade 2 (P < .001). Remarkably, the hazard ratio (HR) for grades 2, 3, and 4 OM was 0.41 (range, 0.22-0.75; P = .002) and for grades 3 and 4 it was 0.07 (range, 0.11-0.53; P < .001). Using OMAS by the calculation of ulcerous area, 5.3% of the laser group presented with ulcers of 9.1 cm2 to 18 cm2, whereas 73.6% of the control group presented with ulcers from 9.1 cm2 to 18 cm2 (P = .003). Our results indicate that the use of upfront LPLT in patients who have undergone HSCT is a powerful instrument in reducing the incidence of OM and is now standard in our center.

scholarly journals Authorship diversity among systematic reviews in eyes and vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Qureshi ◽  
Genie Han ◽  
Kolade Fapohunda ◽  
Samuel Abariga ◽  
Renee Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
World Health ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Importance: The inclusion of authors from diverse backgrounds and with different lived experiences is critical to ensuring the questions addressed in systematic reviews (SRs), as well as the subsequent conclusions and recommendations made, are representative of the global community.Objective: To assess the gender and geographic diversity of authors among all Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision as compared with a random sample of non-Cochrane SRs of interventions in the field of eyes and vision.Design: The Cochrane Eyes and Vision United States Satellite maintains a database of SRs in the field of eyes and vision. We selected all (n = 313) eyes and vision intervention SRs published in The Cochrane Library and a random sample of 313 eyes and vision intervention SRs published elsewhere for this study. We determined gender of the first and corresponding authors (‘woman,’ ‘man,’ or ‘unknown’) using a previously developed algorithm and their location based on institution country and the World Health Organization region. Results: From the 626 reviews included in our sample, we identified 751 unique authors who comprised 887 author positions (i.e., first and/or corresponding authors). We were able to ascertain the gender of 647/751 (86%) authors: 276 women, and 371 men. Among Cochrane eyes and vision SRs, the proportions of women in first and/or corresponding author positions were consistent and approximately equal to men. Among non-Cochrane eyes and vision SRs, the representation of women was markedly lower as corresponding authors than other positions. Most authors of Cochrane eyes and vision SRs were from the United Kingdom (31%) and United States of America (26%), whereas most authors of non-Cochrane SRs were from China (34%). Conclusions and relevance: Compared with authors of non-Cochrane SRs in eyes and vision, authors of Cochrane SRs appear to have approximately equal representation of women and men among perceived important author positions and be located in European and North American countries, possibly due to the locations of the Cochrane editorial teams. Cochrane Eyes and Vision should continue to recruit authors from around the world in locations that reflect the global burden of eye disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document