Vaccination as a Strategy to Prevent Bluetongue Virus Vertical Transmission

Bluetongue virus (BTV) produces an economically important disease in ruminants of compulsory notification to the OIE. BTV is typically transmitted by the bite of Culicoides spp., however, some BTV strains can be transmitted vertically, and this is associated with fetus malformations and abortions. The viral factors associated with the virus potency to cross the placental barrier are not well defined. The potency of vertical transmission is retained and sometimes even increased in live attenuated BTV vaccine strains. Because BTV possesses a segmented genome, the possibility of reassortment of vaccination strains with wild-type virus could even favor the transmission of this phenotype. In the present review, we will describe the non-vector-based BTV infection routes and discuss the experimental vaccination strategies that offer advantages over this drawback of some live attenuated BTV vaccines.

54Project to encourage mandatory reporting of public health diseases

Background Compulsory notification means official communication to health authorities about the occurrence of a disease or health problem that can be made by any citizen or health professional in order to adopt relevant intervention measures. An early suspicion of any disease can prevent complications and even the death of a patient. When we talk about notifiable diseases, it can mean avoiding hundreds or even thousands of deaths. Thus, our goal is to encourage compulsory notification of diseases of interest to the health of the population. Methods This project plans to make available to all public and private health services in the municipality and to all levels of attention, table stickers and banners with case definitions of the most common diseases in our municipality and of interest to public health. These diseases are dengue and Chikungunya fever, acute Chagas disease, meningococcal disease, leptospirosis, measles and whooping cough. The table stickers will be distributed at the doctor and nursing office for consultation of health professionals during patient care. The banners will be displayed in common areas of health services. Results The project is still in the process of approval by the health department, but it is expected that there will be an increase in the number of notifications and a decrease in the number of cases notified later. Early suspicion and reporting means that the patient can receive appropriate treatment in a timely manner and which control measures can be used quickly to prevent outbreaks or epidemics. Conclusions This project is expected to be approved quickly by the health department and can be implemented in all public and private health services in the municipality. Believe that the benefits can be seen in a short period of time, because with the closest information from professionals and the population, the suspicion will be faster. Key messages Compulsory notification; Diseases

THE HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE NETWORK AS NA INSRUMENT FOR THE STRENGTHENING OF COMPULSORY DISEASE AND CONSEQUENTIAL NOTIFICATION, PERNAMBUCO 2018

Objetive: Describe the contribution of the State Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Network of Pernambuco (VEH/PE) for the registration of cases of diseases and conditions of immediate compulsory notification, in Pernambuco, 2018. Methods: Descriptive study, type of experience report, of surveillance of 31 hospitals of the VEH / PE Network, in 2018. The data sources were from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and the data referring to DNCI were from FormSus, available on the Center’s Platform Strategic Health Surveillance Information. The proportions of notifications for Compulsory Notification Disease from the VEH/PE Network were calculated in relation to the total number of notifications made at Sinan. Results: Among the DNC notifications registered by Sinan (Net, Online and Web influenza, 30,1% came from the 31 hospitals of the VEH/PE Network. When analyzed, by information system, the Network was responsible for 28,4% of the records made in Sinan Net by 2.687 reporting units, in Sinan Online, 25,9% in relation to 1.247 reporting units and for Sinan Web Influenza the contribution was 82,3% in relation to the 69 reporting units. Immediate compulsory notification diseases/conditions communicated to CIEVS, 50,2% of the communications came from the Network As for the opportunity for immediate notification of diseases and conditions, 90,7% were communicated in due time by the VEH/PE Network. Conclusion: It is important to strengthen the Network aiming at surveillance, disease/disease control and operationalization of information systems, in order to support the manager in decision making.

Spatial-temporal analysis of leprosy in a priority Brazilian northeast municipality for disease control

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of leprosy in a priority municipality for leprosy control. Methods: ecological study, conducted in a city in the Northeast of Brazil, whose analysis units were census sectors. The study used compulsory notification data for cases registered between 2008 and 2017. TerraView software and the Batch Geocode tool was used for geocoding. The detection of spatial-temporal agglomerations of high relative risks was done by scanning statistics. Results: the spatial-temporal distribution of cases was heterogeneous, creating four agglomerations of high relative risks in the urban area of the municipality between the years 2008 and 2012; and annual prevalence rates classified from high to hyperendemic. Conclusions: areas of higher risk and concentration of the disease in space-time were linked to the characteristics of high population density and social vulnerability of these spaces, raising the prioritization of health professionals’ actions, systems, and services for control, and monitoring the disease.

THE BRAZILIAN SURVEILLANCE FOR PRION DISEASE: CURRENT DATA

Background: The Brazilian Surveillance for Prion Disease began in 2005 with compulsory notification of suspected cases. Objective: To determine the diagnosis of reported patients to the Brazilian Surveillance for Prion Disease and evaluate the clinical and genetic data. Methods: Data from the notification sheet were collected and patients were classified according to current clinical and pathological criteria. Results: 757 cases were notified from 2005 to 2019. 51 cases were defined DCJ, 295 probable DCJ, 172 possible DCJ and 38 genetic DCJ. 55 patients had other diagnosis and 146 were unclassified (missing data). The most frequent mutations were E200K, D178N, P102L and V180I. Among defined and probable DCJ: 55% were female, mean age was 62 y.o. and median age was 61.9 y.o.; 51.8% were M129M and 23.2% V129V. CSF 14.3.3 was positive in 69.2%, disease-typical EEG findings were observed in 42.3% and MRI revealed typical findings in 76.9%. No variant CJD were diagnosed. Discussion: considering the Brazilian population and the prevalence of CJD worldwilde, we expected more cases of CJD than were notified. Methionine and valine homozygotes are overrepresented, in agreement with international data. MRI were the more useful subsidiary test for clinical classification.. Conclusion: besides the undernotification, the Brazilian surveillance for prion diseases evaluated 757 suspected cases in the last 15 years. 50.7% were probable, defined CJD or genetic prion disease.

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on compulsory notifications of meningitis in Brazil

Background: Meningitis is a disease considered endemic in Brazil and is included in the national list of compulsory notification diseases. The presentstudy analyzed the impacts of the pandemic triggered by COVID-19 on compulsory notification of meningitis in Brazil in 2020. Methods: This is an ecological, quantitative and descriptive study. The data were collected from the DATASUS Diseases and Notification Information System (SINAN), referring to the period from 2015 to 2020, from January to August of each year. The variables analyzed were the region / unit of the notification federation and the month of notification, with the information divided into two groups: general population and children under 15 years old. The values were subjected to statisticals analysis of the P-score. Results: In Brazil 10,634 notifications of meningitis were expected in 2020. However, only 4,712 cases were reported. With the exception of Roraima, all states had a negative P- score in the two groups investigated: Rondônia had a greater discrepancy between the observed and expected values (-100%), as no notification records for the year 2020 were found; the P-score of Roraima was positive, with an increase of 22.8% in addition to the predicted notifications. Regarding the regions, the Southeast presented -56.8% of the predicted notifications, the South -55.9%, the Midwest -50.3%, the North -52.5% and the Northeast -54.2 %. Conclusion: The study showed a negative impact on meningitis notifications in Brazil, in all regions and in all states, except in Roraima.

Disordered migration processes and global health: impacts of the displacement of Venezuelans in the midst of the syphilis epidemic in Brazil

Introduction: Various territorial crises have marked humanity, causing precarious and irregular population displacements with an impact on the health of the population assigned to the waiting territories. Objective: This study sought to assess the impacts of the recent displacement of Venezuelans, amid the syphilis epidemic in Brazil, in the period from 2016 to 2019. Methods: This was a qualitative study with bibliographic design, in which searches were carried out in the Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN), in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), in Google Scholar, also going through databases referenced in the health area, such as Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Nursing Database (BDENF). Results: The study showed that the disorderly displacement of Venezuelans had an international and local impact, culminating in the precariousness and overload of essential health services, shortage of medicines and supplies, an increase in the number of patients, resurgence of the measles outbreak in Brazil and an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis. It was found that in the SINAN compulsory notification forms, there is no specific field for nationality, which makes it difficult to identify foreigners with syphilis, as well as the planning and monitoring of coping measures. Conclusion: As this is a challenging, conflicting theme, perceived as transversal, with micro-territorial, macro-regional, national and international implications, there is a need for more studies from a transdisciplinary approach to understand, analyze, prospect and provide a structured proposal for confronting the problematic evidenced in this work.

Number of cases of hepatitis acquired in occupational accidents in Brazil between 2009 and 2018

Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem in the world and in Brazil. These are diseases of compulsory notification instituted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS). The records of the affected persons should be made in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), which should notify all probable cases, confirmed and outbreaks. The objective of this work is to quantify the number of cases of hepatitis acquired in occupational accidents in Brazil between 2009 and 2018. It is a study is a retrospective observational quantitative analysis of the epidemiological data investigated. In this sense, research was carried out in the databases of the national portal DATASUS (https://datasus.saude.gov.br/). There is an effective contribution of accidents at work to the current incidence rates of viral hepatitis in Brazil, as well as to the reduction of the quality of life of workers – especially those of health. Inconsistencies between epidemiological data recorded in SINAN and studies in the literature may demonstrate the presence of underreporting. Due to the relative scarcity and contradiction of studies, there is no well-established profile for contamination in health services, and there is a need for further studies on the subject.

Utilização de informações patentárias na busca de soluções inovadoras para prevenção de doenças respiratórias no setor de mineração

Brazil ranks 4th in the world for occupational accidents. There are more than 700 thousand occurrences per year, which cost the country about R$10 billion. The objective of this study is to identify technologies, related to the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases, that are not protected in Brazil. We used Patent2net, a computational data mining tool, to evaluate worldwide patents deposited in the Espacenet database. Employing a technometric research approach, a Patent2net case study was carried out by analyzing over 1,600 occupational safety and/or occupational disease patents deposited in Espacenet. Notably, a Chinese utility model patent describing a helmet with a breathing mask, that provides the worker protection against the inhalation of chemical agents and head overheating. The technology described in the patent could be potentially replicated in Brazil, and utilized in the prevention against respiratory problems commonly diagnosed in miners, such as pneumoconiosis. This disease, in particular, requires compulsory notification and the treatment, under responsibility of the public health system, is costly to the country. Identifying technologies that could potentially reduce the number of work-related incidents and, in turn, lower the associated costs.