On the Tupi-Guaranian prehistory of the siriono verb

Roland Hemmauer

doi:10.1590/s1981-81222007000200004

On the Tupi-Guaranian prehistory of the siriono verb

Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Ciências Humanas ◽

10.1590/s1981-81222007000200004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73-90

Author(s):

Roland Hemmauer

Keyword(s):

Identical Distribution ◽

Third Person ◽

Transitive Verbs ◽

Causative Verbs

This paper shows that the verbal morphosyntax of Siriono, which is synchronically highly divergent from that of other Tupi-Guaranian (TG) languages, can be derived from the reconstructed proto-TG (PTG) system. Arguments will be presented to show that the S A=A series of person markers (e.g. PTG 1sg *a-) has merged with the So=O series (e.g. PTG 1sg *če-) in the 1st and 2nd plural persons in Siriono. In spite of this partial merger of two series of person markers, morphological elements that appeared in PTG between the personal prefix and the stem of transitive verbs have been retained in Siriono with an identical distribution. The partial merger of the S A=A series with the So=O series is explained by a combination of phonological and syntactic motivations. Additional evidence is drawn from Siriono's closely related sister language Yuki. Apart from this, the prefix k- that occurs on third-person forms of 'comitative-causative' verbs in Siriono has retained a trace of the PTG third-person prefix *o- in spite of the emergence of an innovated third-person prefix e-. These facts are taken as evidence of a PTG origin of the Siriono system

Download Full-text

The naked truth about the Chamorro dual

Studies in Language ◽

10.1075/sl.17063.sto ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 533-584

Author(s):

Thomas Stolz

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Formal Expression ◽

The Third ◽

Traditional Belief ◽

Third Person ◽

Transitive Verbs ◽

The Third Person

Abstract It is argued that the traditional belief that the formal expression of the dual in Chamorro is restricted to intransitivity / low transitivity is inadequate since it precludes the possibility of accounting constructions in which the dual is also expressed in combination with transitive verbs. In the empirical part of the study, evidence of the recurrent violations of the intransitivity-based restrictions is discussed. It is shown that the dual is not excluded from transitive predicates. The dual is also firmly established in the realm of transitivity albeit only in the third person. In addition, the dual also exists in areas of Chamorro grammar for which it has hitherto been ignored. The hypothesis is put forward that the dual in the domain of transitivity is a diachronic innovation. The Chamorro facts are compared to those of Numic languages in North America.

Download Full-text

Naturalness: some synchronic data of Old Indian

Linguistica ◽

10.4312/linguistica.51.1.263-272 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 263-272

Author(s):

Varja Cvetko-Orešnik

Keyword(s):

Transitive Verbs ◽

The Subject ◽

Rig Veda ◽

Causative Verbs

The framework of the paper is Natural Syntax initiated by Janez Orešnik in thetradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by Wolfgang U. Dressler and Willi Mayerthaler. The basic tenets of Natural Syntax are described at the beginning of the paper. Natural Syntax is here applied to aspects of Old Indian synchronic verbal morphonology and verbal morphosyntax: (1) Causative -áya- verbs in Rig Veda and Atharva Veda. The root vowel a is short in closed syllables and long in open syllables. (2) Rig Veda and Atharva Veda contain 31 intransitive and 175 transitive -áya- verbs. (3) Rig Veda and Atharva Veda do not contain any causative verbs to the basic transitive verbs. (4) Post-Vedic double transitive verbs (the early construction) contain an obligatory accusative corresponding to the subject of the base verb, and an optional accusative corresponding to the object of the base verb. (5) Post-Vedic double transitive verbs (the late construction) contain an obligatory instrumental corresponding to the subject of the base verb, and an accusative corresponding to the object of the base verb. (6) The accusative mentioned in (5) is not obligatory. The data have been taken from Jamison (1983), a monograph about Old Indian -áya- verbs.

Download Full-text

Where Syntax and Semantics Meet: A Typological Investigation of Old Egyptian Causatives

Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies ◽

10.37011/lingaeg.27.09 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 183-213

Author(s):

Silvia Štubňová

Keyword(s):

Ancient Egyptian ◽

Complement Clause ◽

Transitive Verbs ◽

Lexical Causative ◽

Semantic Properties ◽

Peculiar Nature ◽

Insight Into ◽

Comprehensive Study ◽

Causative Verbs

The earliest stage of the ancient Egyptian language attested in writing, i.e., Old Egyptian, had two productive causative mechanisms that increase the valency of verbs: morphological (mono-clausal) and periphrastic (bi-clausal). The former is characterized by the prefix s-, while the latter employs the lexical causative verb rḏj ‘give’ followed by a complement clause. Despite the fact that both causative strategies have been known to scholars since the inception of the study of the ancient Egyptian language, any systematic or comprehensive study of Egyptian causative verbs is lacking. This paper thus aims to provide a new insight into the Old Egyptian morphological and periphrastic causatives by examining their syntactic as well as semantic properties. The results of this analysis show which types of verbs have a preference for which of the two causative strategies and demonstrate the semantic differences between the morphological and periphrastic causative types. Furthermore, this paper clarifies the peculiar nature of the morphological causatives of transitive verbs, whose valency does not increase. I suggest a possible solution to this issue that lies in the function of the n-prefix in Old Egyptian.

Download Full-text

Georgian reflexives in subject function in special contexts

Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar ◽

10.21248/hpsg.2005.26 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Nino Amiridze

Keyword(s):

Binding Theory ◽

Transitive Verbs ◽

The Subject ◽

Causative Verbs

Georgian is a language allowing reflexives to be marked by ergative. The subject use of the Georgian reflexive phrase was first documented with causative verbs by Asatiani (1982). The later works such as (Amiridze and Everaert, 2000), (Amiridze, 2003), (Amiridze, 2004) discuss the use with object-experiencer verbs and transitive verbs on non-agentive reading. The present paper offers the first hand data on subject uses of the Georgian reflexive phrase with transitive verbs on their agentive reading in special contexts (such as a twin context, Madame Tussaud context, etc.) which are problematic for the Binding Theory of Chomsky (1981) as well as for the Reflexivity Theory of Reinhart and Reuland (1993). The data could be accounted for within the approach developed in (Reuland, 2001). However, the subject uses of the Georgian reciprocal ertmanet- leave the issue of subject anaphors open.

Download Full-text

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.1.31 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Claudio Barbaranelli ◽

Gian Vittorio Caprara

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Error Variance ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Third Person ◽

Fit Indexes ◽

Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.

Download Full-text

First-Person Experiments in Thinking

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 189-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Renatus Ziegler ◽

Ulrich Weger

Keyword(s):

Physiological Parameters ◽

The Self ◽

First Person ◽

Psychological Phenomena ◽

Third Person ◽

Current Article ◽

Thinking Process ◽

Mental Contents

Abstract. In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interested in studying these phenomena in detail.

Download Full-text

Effects of Light-Hearted and Serious Entertainment on Enjoyment of the First and Third Person

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000150 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 42-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matthias Hofer

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Media Consumption ◽

First Person ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Entertainment Media ◽

Third Person Effect ◽

The Third ◽

Third Person ◽

Perceived Enjoyment ◽

The Third Person

Abstract. This was a study on the perceived enjoyment of different movie genres. In an online experiment, 176 students were randomly divided into two groups (n = 88) and asked to estimate how much they, their closest friends, and young people in general enjoyed either serious or light-hearted movies. These self–other differences in perceived enjoyment of serious or light-hearted movies were also assessed as a function of differing individual motivations underlying entertainment media consumption. The results showed a clear third-person effect for light-hearted movies and a first-person effect for serious movies. The third-person effect for light-hearted movies was moderated by level of hedonic motivation, as participants with high hedonic motivations did not perceive their own and others’ enjoyment of light-hearted films differently. However, eudaimonic motivations did not moderate first-person perceptions in the case of serious films.

Download Full-text