scholarly journals Parasitic helminths of the digestive system of wild boars bred in captivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Silva da Silva ◽  
Gertrud Müller
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Possible Cause

This study aimed to identify the parasites that inhabit the digestive system of Sus scrofa scrofa from a commercial breeding facility in southern Brazil, and reports the first occurrence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in wild boars. The gastrointestinal tracts of 40 wild boars from a commercial breeding facility were collected and individualized during slaughter in a cold-storage slaughterhouse. Out of this total, 87.5% were parasitized by the helminths Ascaris suum,Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis. T. colubriformis presented a prevalence of 45%, mean intensity of 28.4 and mean abundance of 12.8. The data from this study showed that T. colubriformis not only has a capacity to develop in the small intestines of wild boars, but also adapts well to animals raised in captivity, thus representing a possible cause of economic loss in commercial wild boar farming.

scholarly journals The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: role of Mu class in triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-991
Author(s):  
Rebekah B. Stuart ◽  
Suzanne Zwaanswijk ◽  
Neil D. MacKintosh ◽  
Boontarikaan Witikornkul ◽  
Peter M. Brophy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock industry and is re-emerging as a foodborne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines, treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and its detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths with the phase II detoxification system dominated by the soluble glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. Previous proteomic studies have demonstrated that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO) challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by exploiting a sub-proteomic lead strategy to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ-susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated differential abundance of FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity. Furthermore, a low or weak affinity matrix interacting Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a new low-affinity Mu class GST. Low-affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not restricted to FhGST-Mu5 with a second likely low-affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the potential of subproteomic analyses on individual adult flukes.

X.—On the Feeding Mechanism of a Mysid Crustacean, Hemimysis Lamornæ

1927 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Graham Cannon ◽  
S. M. Manton
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
General Biology ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Fish Tanks

The general biology of the Mysids has recently been studied at great length by Blegvad (1922) at Copenhagen. His paper, containing a very complete literature list, deals with Mysis inermis, Rathke, Mysis flexuosa, Müller, and Mysis neglecta, Sars. His comments on feeding are limited, and refer chiefly to the nature of the food that the animals ate in captivity. Gelderd's work (1909) on the digestive system of the Schizopoda describes the course taken by the food through the gastric mill, the masticatory functions of this apparatus, and the method by which the masticated food and digestive juices are brought together, but does not deal with the manner in which the food reaches the stomach. An account, then, of the method by which a mysid collects its food would fill a gap in our knowledge of these forms. The only description, as far as we are aware, of the feeding habits of a mysid is that of Depdolla (1923), who worked on Praunus [Mysis] flexuosus, but his account is superficial and in our opinion very inaccurate. The following paper deals with the feeding habits of a small mysid, Hemimysis lamornœ, about 8 mm. long, which has established itself in the larger fish-tanks at the M.B.A. laboratory at Plymouth. It breeds freely all the year round, and can be obtained from the tanks in abundance, although it is stated to be only a rare visitor in the Plymouth district.

scholarly journals Ocorrência de Corythaica passiflorae (Berg) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) em cultivos comerciais de jiló e berinjela no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Cleidiane de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Luci Boa Nova Coelho ◽  
Rodrigo Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
New Host ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Solanum Viarum ◽  
Spontaneous Occurrence

Resumo. Uma alta infestação de Corythaica passiflorae (Berg) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) foi observada em plantas de jiló (Solanum aethiopicum L. - grupo gilo) e berinjela (Solanum melongena L.), em uma área de cultivo comercial no município de Paraíso do Tocantins, estado do Tocantins. Os insetos popularmente conhecidos como percevejos-de-renda foram observados em um alto número populacional, na face inferior das folhas, provocando injúrias e consequente prejuízo econômico, com elevada queda na produção e mortalidade de plantas. Além disso, também foi observada a associação do tingídeo com plantas de ocorrência espontânea, tais como a jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L.) e o joá (Solanum viarum Dunal), comuns na região e, que  podem contribuir para a disseminação dos  insetos em outras áreas produtoras de solanáceas. Este trabalho registra a primeira ocorrência de C. passiflorae em plantios comerciais de jiló e berinjela no estado de Tocantins, além do registro de novas plantas hospedeiras desse tingídeo (joá e jurubeba) no Brasil.Occurrence of Corythaica passiflorae (Berg) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on commercial plantations of gilo and eggplant in Tocantins state, BrazilAbstract. A high infestation of Corythaica passiflorae (Berg) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was observed in gilo plants (Solanum aethiopicum L. – gilo group) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in a commercial plantation area in the municipality of Paraíso do Tocantins, Tocantins state, Brazil. The insects popularly known as lace bugs were observed in a high population on the underside of the leaves, causing damages and consequent economic loss, with a high drop in plant production and plant mortality. Therefore, the association of the tingid with plants of spontaneous occurrence, such as jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L.) and tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal), common in the region, which may contribute to the dissemination of insects in other solanaceous producing areas. This work reports the first occurrence of C. passiflorae in commercial plantations of gilo and eggplant in Tocantins state, besides the registration of new host plants of this tingid (joá and jurubeba) in Brazil.

Activity budgets and use of enclosed space by wild boars (Sus scrofa) in captivity

Zoo Biology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasetti ◽  
L. Boitani ◽  
M. C. Riviello ◽  
E. Visalberghi
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Enclosed Space

Anthelmintic Activities (In Vitro And In Vivo) of Some Plant Extracts – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
O C Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

Several plants are found to possess potent medicinal and phytochemical compounds used globally for the treatment of diseases and the discovery of new drugs. Plants with anthelmintic properties have attained a great interest due to their usage in treatment of parasitic (helminthic) diseases that cause major economic loss, resulting to reduced livestock production capacity of farmers. The major impediment in the livestock subsector is the increasing problems of development of resistance to synthetic drugs by the helminths and or high cost of commercially produced anthelmintics and their resultant side effects than the treatment efficacy in the host. Helminthosis is a clinical condition that represents one of the commonly encountered and most important diseases in ruminant farming. This clinical condition is aggravated by indiscriminate use of anthelmintics in an attempt to control the infection, thereby causing resistance of the parasitic helminths to synthetic drugs. This has led to the screening of plant extracts for their anthelmintic properties thereby serving as alternative strategies against gastrointestinal parasitic resistance. However, eighty percent of the world populations use natural plant compounds as anthelmintics for treatment of parasitic infections. Hence, the folkloric claims of the anthelmintic properties of plants extracts for the treatment of helminthes is necessarily important and of great interest. Therefore, this review unveils previous pharmacological and preliminary studies on plants as anthelmintics able to reduce helmintic infections and overcoming helminth parasite resistance.

scholarly journals Animal innovation defined and operationalized

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Ramsey ◽  
Meredith L. Bastian ◽  
Carel van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Long Term Studies

AbstractInnovation is a key component of most definitions of culture and intelligence. Additionally, innovations may affect a species' ecology and evolution. Nonetheless, conceptual and empirical work on innovation has only recently begun. In particular, largely because the existing operational definition (first occurrence in a population) requires long-term studies of populations, there has been no systematic study of innovation in wild animals. To facilitate such study, we have produced a new definition of innovation: Innovation is the process that generates in an individual a novel learned behavior that is not simply a consequence of social learning or environmental induction. Using this definition, we propose a new operational approach for distinguishing innovations in the field. The operational criteria employ information from the following sources: (1) the behavior's geographic and local prevalence and individual frequency; (2) properties of the behavior, such as the social role of the behavior, the context in which the behavior is exhibited, and its similarity to other behaviors; (3) changes in the occurrence of the behavior over time; and (4) knowledge of spontaneous or experimentally induced behavior in captivity. These criteria do not require long-term studies at a single site, but information from multiple populations of a species will generally be needed. These criteria are systematized into a dichotomous key that can be used to assess whether a behavior observed in the field is likely to be an innovation.

scholarly journals The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: Role of Mu class in Triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah B. Stuart ◽  
Suzanne Zwaanswijk ◽  
Neil D. MacKintosh ◽  
Boontarikaan Witikornkul ◽  
Mark Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Glutathione Transferases ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Production Industry

AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock production industry and is re-emerging as a food borne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines the commonly used method of treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only Triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited Phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths and the major Phase II detoxification system in adults is the soluble Glutathione transferases (GST) superfamily. Previous global proteomic studies have shown that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-Sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO), the likely active metabolite, challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by using a sub-proteomic lead approach to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated a FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 response following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity resins. Furthermore, a low affinity Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a novel low affinity mu class GST. Low affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not limited to FhGST-Mu5 with second likely low affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered through genome analysis. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the sub proteomic analysis on individual adult flukes.

Prevalence of porcine circoviruses in Transylvanian wild boars, detected by real-time PCR — short communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cadar ◽  
Attila Cságola ◽  
Marina Spinu ◽  
Ádám Dán ◽  
Krisztina Ursu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Porcine Circoviruses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcv2 Genome

Porcine circoviruses (PCV) are widespread in domestic pigs worldwide and there is growing information about the presence of PCV in other suid species. Based on serological studies with sera of wild boars, it was established that PCV1 was present in these animals and antibodies specific to PCV2 were also detected in wild boars living in captivity or in sylvatic areas, both with or without clinical signs of PMWS. Studies including PCV2 genome or antigen detection confirmed the previous findings. This is the first report about the presence of PCV in Transylvanian wild boar populations. Four hundred and sixty-nine samples were collected and grouped according to geographic origin, tested for the presence of PCV DNA using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and 13.52% of the animals proved to be positive for one or in three cases both of the PCV genotypes. PCV2 was detected in all of the PCV-positive samples.

Progess in immunization against parasitic helminths

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheelagh Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

Helminths are extremely numerous and cosmopolitan parasites of man and domesticated animals and they are responsible for considerable clinical and sub-clinical disease and tremendous economic loss. Thus, immunization against the parasitic helminths of man and animals would be of major health importance and to considerable economic advantage.

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