scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-estrogenic or estrogenic activities of aqueous root extracts of Gunnera manicata L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti ◽  
Gabriela Cristina Schmitt ◽  
Fabiano Barreto ◽  
Rodrigo E. Fortunato ◽  
Rodrigo B. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Hoc

Gunnera perpensa (Gunneraceae) is an African plant widely used in traditional medicine. This species is known for its activity involving the female reproductive system, such as inducing or increasing labor, treating female infertility, expelling the placenta and/or preventing post-partum hemorrhage. These properties are probably due to (z)-venusol, a majoritary compound, and its action in conjunction with substances in the whole extract and other natural products. In southern Brazil, a native species Gunnera manicata L. that also belongs to Gunneraceae can be found. In spite of the traditional use of G. perpensa, there is no pharmacological and phytochemical information regarding the South American Gunnera species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the activity of Brazilian G. manicata aqueous extracts on the reproductive system of immature female Wistar rats through a uterotrophic assay and to verify the presence of (z)-venusol by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni´s post-hoc test (p< 0.01). Results obtained shown that G. manicata extracts did not present in vivo anti or estrogenic activity. Furthermore, (z)-venusol compound was not found. This study represents the first preliminary screening done on the South American G. manicata species.

scholarly journals Primer registro de Agave sisalana (Agavaceae, Asparagales) para Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Diego Giraldo-Cañas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Agave Fourcroydes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Agave sisalana Perrine, a native species from Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), is recorded for the first time for Colombia. It is morphologically related to Agave fourcroydes Lem. and Agave pax Giraldo-Cañas, but clearly differs from it in various vegetative and reproductive characteristics, which are given. Thus, a total of ten species of Agave are currently known in South America, seven are native and three are naturalized. A key for the South American species is included.

scholarly journals Male reproductive system in the South American catfish Conorhynchus conirostris

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. J. R. Lopes ◽  
N. Bazzoli ◽  
M. F. G. Brito ◽  
T. A. Maria
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation and Antifertility Activity ofJatropha gossypifoliain Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Jain ◽  
Gajendra Pratap Choudhary ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Objectives. Pharmacological and antifertility activity evaluation ofJatropha gossypifoliain rats.Methods. The antifertility activity of the extracts ofJatropha gossypifoliain rats was evaluated using two experimental animal models. Estrogenic activity was evaluated in immature female rats using ethinyl estradiol as standard. Anti-implantation and early abortifacient activity was performed in female Wistar rats by determining the number of implantations and implantation resorptions.Results. In estrogenic activity evaluations, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts offered significant estrogen-like activity at 400 mg kg−1p.o. by increasing the uterine weight compared to vehicle control group. Ethanolic extract (400 mg kg−1, p.o.) treatment significantly decreased the number of implants and increased the number of resorptions compared to vehicle control group.Conclusion. The results of the present study provide the evidence of the anti-fertility activity ofJatropha gossypifoliaas claimed in the traditional use. The results are consistent with the literature reports related to the antifertility effect of flower extracts ofJatropha gossypifolia.

scholarly journals Fishers' perception of the interaction between the South American sea lions and the Chinook salmon fishery in southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sanguinetti ◽  
B. Cid-Aguayo ◽  
A. Guerrero ◽  
M. Durán ◽  
D. Gomez-Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Attack Behavior ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe studied how the South American sea lion (SASL, Otaria flavescens) interacts with the operation of an artisanal fishery of Chinook salmon, a non-native species in Chile, using a combination of biological and social approaches, including a valuation by fishers about this interaction. During austral summer of 2019, an observer onboard artisanal fishing boats characterized the attack behavior of SASLs to gillnet-captured Chinook salmon during 33 hauls and analyzed which factors may affect the intensity of attacks. To analyze the relationship between fishers and SASLs, a Likert scale about the perception and views about nature was applied. A total of 23 interviews—including 35 open and 16 closed questions—with fishers were conducted to describe how they perceived the interactions with SASLs. Interactions with SASLs were recorded in 35% of the fishing events and varied depending on both operational factors, such as the number of boats, as well as environmental factors, such as moon’s luminosity. Even though SASL interactions resulted in seven fish (~ 70 kg) damaged of a total catch of 2815 kg (2.5%) during the survey, boats with a damaged catch by SASL lost up to 11% of their revenue. This is consistent with 87% of the interviewed fishers who considered that the conflict with the SASL negatively impacts their activity and results in economic losses. A negative perception towards SASLs likely results from personal experience and revenue loss, even though impacts of SASL interactions at the scale of the entire fishery may be less important. While older fishers with less formal education have a productivist and instrumental focus, younger fishers with a more sustainable and conservationist view of fishing offer an opportunity to lead an improved local understanding of the relationship between salmon, SASLs, and humans.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization and toxicity of water-accommodated fraction of oil on the South American native species Hyalella curvispina

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina del Brio ◽  
Cristina Mónica Montagna ◽  
Betsabé Ailén Lares ◽  
María Eugenia Parolo ◽  
Andrés Venturino
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Hyalella Curvispina ◽  
Water Accommodated Fraction

In vivo ionic exchange through the skin of the South American frog, Leptodactylus ocellatus

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Salibián ◽  
Silvia Pezzani-Hernández ◽  
Federico García Romeu
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
The South ◽  
American Frog

scholarly journals THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ORPHULELLA

1899 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
North American Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

By the kindness of Prof. L. Bruner I have recently been able to study specimens of the South American Orphula pagana Stal., the type of the genus, and so to compare its structure with that of our native species latterly referred to Orphula. By this it appears, as Mr. Bruner has pointed out to me in correspondence, and as Mr. A. P. Morse has suggested (Psyche, VII., 407), that our species should be referred rathar to Orphulella, separated by Giglio-Tos from Orphula in 1894, though this was afterwards regarded by him as having only a subgeneric value Orphula in the stricter sense of the term is not, so far as I know, represented in the United States. Orphulella is the most widely distributed genus of North American Trypalinae and the most abundant in species. Those known to Prof. J. McNeill in his recent revision of our Tryxalinae were well separated by a table which I have here made the basis of a new one to include a considerable number of new forms. Besides describing these, I have added notes of distribution of the others, based on the collections in my hands, and given their principal synonymy.

Maternal aggression in the South American fur seal in Peru

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Female Aggression ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Maternal Aggression ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Maternal Defense ◽  
Pup Mortality

Maternal aggression was examined with regard to its role in maternal defense of offspring in the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) at Punta San Juan, Peru (15°22′S, 75°12′W). Female fur seals' responses to conspecifics and to predatory southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) were examined pre- and post-partum. Although the defense of offspring from predators may be expected to be a major component of maternal care, mothers rarely defended their offspring from raiding sea lions, possibly due to the high risks involved in attacking a large and potentially very dangerous predator. The costs of defending the pup from sea lions appeared to outweigh the potential benefit of increased survival of the pup, due to the already high pup mortality at the site. Maternal defense from conspecifics may also be a possible function of female aggression. Females with newborn pups were more aggressive towards other females than were females without pups, particularly during the perinatal attendance period. They threatened a higher proportion of approaching females and won more aggressive encounters postpartum. However, mothers of surviving pups did not appear to be any more aggressive, their pups did not receive any fewer threats from unrelated females, nor did they reside in areas of less aggression, than mothers whose pups died. Aggression towards male conspecifics appeared to serve a further purpose, as females threatened approaching adult and subadult males regardless of whether the females had a pup. Unlike colonially breeding phocid pinnipeds, there seems to be no correlation between increased maternal aggression and neonate survival in the South American fur seal. This may be because females have to leave their offspring to forage when the offspring are still vulnerable to attack by unrelated conspecifics. Alternatively, maternal aggression may have been subjected to such intense selection that although it is responsible for increased pup mortality at the site, there is insufficient variability to measure differential consequences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document