scholarly journals Tolerance of benthic macroinvertebrates to organic enrichment in highland streams of northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Correa Mazzoni ◽  
Rosane Lanzer ◽  
Alois Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Organic Enrichment ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AIM: the aim of this study was to determine the ecological valence of benthic macroinvertebrates at different pollution levels in highland rivers and streams of Rio Grande do Sul; METHODS: the dataset proceeds from samplings performed between 2002-2011 in 35 lotic ecosystems. The Chemical Index was used to determine pollution levels. Indices of richness and Shannon diversity were applied to characterize the structure of benthic communities. The descriptors used to determine taxa's ecological valence were selected according to Coefficient of Variation and regression analyses. Groups of tolerance were identified using Interquartile range and cluster analysis; RESULTS: Conductivity and Chemical Index were the descriptors best related with diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate community. These metrics were used to determine the tolerance range of 38 taxa. Interquartile range and cluster analysis revealed three groups of taxa, according to their occurrence in different levels of pollution: taxa with narrow amplitudes, present at sites with very low or very high load of organic enrichment; taxa with moderate amplitude, found until moderately polluted sites; and taxa with occurrence in widespread environmental conditions. The results, when compared to other studies in Brazil, showed differences in some taxa's tolerance. This observation indicates the need to assess the bioindication potential of these taxa in genus and species level; CONCLUSION: the present study contributes to increase knowledge about the bioindicator potential of benthic macroinvertebrates. Therefore, the study supports an advanced biomonitoring of ecological quality in mountain streams of southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among Nellore breed herds raised in the South Region of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-883
Author(s):  
Jader Silva Lopes ◽  
Paulo Roberto Nogara Rorato ◽  
Tomás Weber ◽  
Ronyere Olegário de Araújo ◽  
Dionéia Magda Everling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Ward Method

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among Nellore breed animals raised in 45 farms in the Southern Region of Brazil. The characteristic studied was weaning weight adjusted to 205 days of life (P205), from 10,874 animals sired by 425 bulls and 7,629 cows, collected between 1976 and 2001, and distributed in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (1,499), Santa Catarina (2,332) and Paraná (7,043). The animals were distributed by cluster analysis in eight genetic divergent groups, enabling this technique to be applied to organize the matings in order to obtain heterotic effect. The herd/farm groups were formed through the hierarchical Ward method, using the direct (VGD) and maternal (VGM) breeding values predicted by the REML method. The VGD of the animal accounted for 90% of the differences among herds, and the remaining 10% was attributed to differences in the VGM. On average, the P205 for the animals from inter-group mating was 1.4kg higher than those from intra-group mating, representing 2.4% of heterosis.

scholarly journals Fruit-feeding butterflies assemblage in Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragments and grassland

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-764
Author(s):  
Marciane Danniela Fleck ◽  
Ervandil Corrêa Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Interior Environments

This study aims to investigate the diversity and richness of fruit-feeding butterflies in two fragments of Deciduous Seasonal Forest, with different anthropic explorations, comparing the border and interior environments, and an anthropic area with predominance of grassland, in Taquaruçu do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Samplings were conducted fortnightly, from August 2012 to July 2013. In each area, were installed attractive traps with a fermented banana and sugarcane juice. In the fragments were installed four traps on the border and four traps 40 meters from the border and in the cultivated pasture area, four traps were also installed. A total of 2,077 specimens of fruit-feeding butterflies were collected, distributed in 45 species and four subfamilies of the Nymphalidae family. The diversity and richness of the fruit-feeding butterflies were higher in the forest fragments. The quantitative cluster analysis segregated the environments into distinct groups, aggregating border environments. By the qualitative analysis there is greater similarity between the fragments. It is concluded that the composition of the fruit-feeding butterflies species is different among the studied areas, and the environments of the forest fragments have similar diversity and richness among them, while the cultivated grassland area is less richness and diversity.

scholarly journals Influência dos indicadores de produção da cultura amendoim e suas relações na organização e agrupamento dos estados brasileiros

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e2049
Author(s):  
Paulo Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Maria Elisa Vicentini ◽  
Bruna Cristina de Lima Candido ◽  
Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽  
Glauco de Sousa Rolim
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

O amendoim é uma das principais culturas oleaginosas do mundo, apresentando diversos produtos derivados de seus grãos, como óleo, proteínas e vitaminas. Objetivo do trabalho foi organizar os estados brasileiros, em função dos indicadores de produção. As safras de 2019 e 2020 foram comparadas por meio da análise exploratória da técnica multivariada Cluster Analysis, pelo método hierárquico. Foram consideradas as variáveis de produção, produtividade e área colhida, para as safras de 2019 e 2020 no Brasil e em seus respectivos estados. Para a formação dos grupos foi usado à técnica multivariada exploratória de análise de agrupamentos, pelo método hierárquico. De maneira geral, os grupos foram separados em relação ao aumento, constância ou diminuição desses indicadores de produção, formando os seguintes grupos: Grupo 1 = Tocantins (TO); Grupo 2 = Alagoas (AL); Grupo 3 = São Paulo (SP), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Paraná (PR), Sergipe (SE), Ceará, (CE), Piauí (PI); Grupo 4 = Pará (PA), Maranhão (MA), Pernambuco (PE), Bahia (BA), Minas Gerais (MG), Mato Grosso (MT), Goiás (GO); Grupo 5 = Rondônia (RO), Acre (AC), Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS). No Brasil existiu uma grande dispersão com relação aos indicadores de produção e o estudo multivariado pode ser de grande importância para os produtores, pois pode auxiliar nas tomadas de decisões sobre investimentos e colaborar com o entendimento sobre o avanço ou retrocesso da cultura do amendoim no território brasileiro.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of eighteen lakes of the north and middle coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Eduard Schäfer ◽  
Cassiano Alves Marchett ◽  
Sabrina Maurer Schuh ◽  
Siclério Ahlert ◽  
Rosane Maria Lanzer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul

AIMS: The present study aimed at a morphological characterization of 18 lakes of the municipalities of Cidreira, Balneário Pinhal and Palmares do Sul, situated in the northern and middle coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The morphometric survey was conducted in the summer of 2011/2012, based on echo sounder coupled with GPS and the application of remote sensing and GIS procedures. The morphometric parameters used for the characterization were: surface area, perimeter, perimeter development, volume, relative fetch, maximum depth, average depth, relative depth, median depth of volume, length and width. The statistical interpretation included Test of Normality, Coefficient of Variation, Correlation and Regression Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Discriminant Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. RESULTS: Eighteen lakes were described and five of them are presented by aerial photo and bathymetric map. They represent the proposed morphological lake types. The calculation of the coefficient of variation revealed larger amplitudes of parameters related to lake size than to depth. The application and interpretation of cluster analysis, confirmed by discriminant analysis, distinguished those lakes in five morphological groups, which differ mainly by size and subsequently by depth. The Principal Component Analysis identified the first component with positively charged variables of size and negatively charged relative depth, and a second component with positive charge of maximum and average depths. CONCLUSIONS: The low relative depths and the exposure to constant northeastern winds reduce the transparency of the lakes. Consequently, they are light limited by suspension of inorganic and organic matter. A property that limits the application of trophic state indices. The high dynamic of the water bodies produces an oxygenated sediment surface that facilitates the settlement by aerobic organisms all over the bottom area. The shallowness and the low median depths of volume are limiting factors for sustainable water supply management. The morphological characteristics of the coastal lakes make very difficult an accurate ecological assessment based on usual trophic state criterions and a sustainable water resource management using general guidelines.

scholarly journals Comparação e mapeamento de grupos municipais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul a partir de indicadores socioeconômicos

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e36
Author(s):  
Mariana Motta Dias da Silva ◽  
Augusto Maciel da Silva ◽  
Enio Junior Seidel ◽  
Ana Lucia Souza Silva Mateus ◽  
Angela Pellegrin Ansuj
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Thematic Maps

Understanding how particular regions behave and / or resemble socioeconomic aspects can contribute to regional development. Thus, this paper aims to identify similarities of socio-spatial behavior existing among the municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on census data, and to evaluate the changes that have occurred over the years. For this, a cluster analysis of the municipalities was performed before some indicators. With the clusters  was verified the existence of difference in the behavior between the groups through non-parametric tests and thematic maps were created that bring the behavior of the regions in a spatial way. Five clusters of municipalities were detected in 1991 and four clusters in the years 2000 and 2010. It is also noticeable the socio-spatial development over the years. However in 2010 is when the greatest evolution occurs for most municipalities. From the generated clusters it is possible to outline public policy strategies and further prioritize the measures that should be taken by the competent bodies in each of the regions studied.

scholarly journals Palynological analysis of a late Holocene core from Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato B. Macedo ◽  
Paulo A. Souza ◽  
Soraia G. Bauermann ◽  
Sérgio A.L. Bordignon
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Paleoclimatic Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest Biome ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

A sedimentar core collected at Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul State, southmost Brazil, was submitted to pollen analysis to provide the vegetational history of this region, and the paleoecological and paleoclimatic changes. A total of 98 taxa of palynomorphs was identified from 35 subsamples. Three radiocarbonic datings were obtained along a section of 115 cm depth, including the basal age of 4730 ± 50 yr BP. Pollen diagrams and cluster analysis were performed based on palynomorphs frequencies, demonstrating five distinct phases (SAP-I to SAP-V), which reflected different paleoecological conditions. The predominance of plants associated with grasslands in the phase SAP-I suggests warm and dry climate conditions. A gradual increasing of humidity conditions was observed mainly from the beginning of the phase SAP-III, when the vegetation set a mosaic of grasslands and Atlantic rainforest. Furthermore, the presence of some forest taxa ( Acacia-type, Daphnopsis racemosa, Erythrina-type and Parapiptadenia rigida-type), from the phase SAP-IV, is interpreted as an influence of the seasonal semideciduous forest in the study region. From the phase SAP-V (ca. 4000 yrs BP), the vegetation became similar to the modern one (extant Atlantic rainforest Biome), especially after 2000 yrs BP (calibrated age).

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