scholarly journals A simple non-destructive method for estimating aboveground biomass of emergent aquatic macrophytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Samira Correia Nunes ◽  
◽  
Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract: Aim Non-destructive methods for estimating aquatic macrophytes biomass may be employed by using indirect measurements, especially in experimental studies, thus enabling the conservation of plant samples. It is possible to estimate macrophyte biomass by developing mathematical equations that relate the plants’ dry mass to their morphological variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between different morphological variables and biomass in order to determine which variable is easier to be obtained for the emergent aquatic macrophytes Crinum americanum and Spartina alterniflora. Methods We obtained the aboveground area and height of individuals of both species, with different sizes and distinct developmental stages. The samples were collected in the Itanhaém River Estuary (SP, Brazil). The plants were dried in a laboratory oven and weighed so as to obtain their dry mass. Simple linear regression analyses were applied to the morphological variables and the individual dry mass to obtain equations. Results For the both species, the relationship between area and biomass, and the relationship between individual height and biomass presented significant coefficients of determination (p < 0.0001). For the elaboration of models involving the individual height, we used only one morphological measure for each individual, whereas for models involving the individual area it was necessary to obtain more than one hundred morphological measurements per individual. Conclusions The morphological variables chosen are good attributes for estimating the aboveground biomass of C. americanum and S. alterniflora. Considering the models’ adjustment and the consumed time to obtain the measurements, we conclude that the individual height measurement is better for biomass estimation for both species.

scholarly journals Diverse traits of aquatic plants cannot individually explain their consumption by the generalist gastropod Biomphalairia glabrata

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12031
Author(s):  
Renato Crespo Pereira ◽  
Nathália Nocchi ◽  
Tatiana U.P. Konno ◽  
Angelica R. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
The Relationship

Several experimental studies on aquatic plants have reported the prevalence of chemical defense mechanism against herbivory, as opposed to structural, life-forms or other traits. Here, our laboratory feeding experiments and integrative analysis explored the relationship among palatability (fresh or reconstituted plants used as artificial diet) and various chemical/nutritional traits (i.e., contents of dry mass, ash, nitrogen, protein, and phenols) of diverse aquatic plants and their susceptibility to consumption by the generalist gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata. Biomphalaria glabrata consumed all of the assayed aquatic plants in a hierarchical yet generalized way, with the consumption of fresh plants, their reconstituted forms and defensive properties of lipophilic extracts not being significantly correlated with plant physical or chemical traits to determine the feeding preference of the gastropod. Our results do not reveal a prevalence for a specific plant attribute contributing to herbivory. Instead, they indicate that the susceptibility of aquatic plants to generalist consumers is probably related to a combination of their chemical and physical properties, resulting in moderate grazing rates by generalist consumers.

scholarly journals Dry Biomass Estimation of Hedge Banks: Allometric Equation vs. Structure from Motion via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Lingner Stefan ◽  
Thiessen Eiko ◽  
Müller Kerrin ◽  
Hartung Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Volume Models

The wood yield of hedge banks is very heterogeneous and hard to estimate in advance. The aim of the present study was to estimate the dry biomass of hedge banks shortly before harvesting using two different non-destructive approaches: (i) allometric equation based on DBH, (ii) volume calculations based on Structure from Motion; and to compare these estimations to the results of the (invasive) reference method: weighing after harvesting. Study objects were three different 100 m hedge banks in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany that were divided into 10 m segments (n = 30). These segments were harvested and weighed separately to calculate dry biomass. The allometric equation yielded a relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 32.4%. The Structure from Motion (SfM) volume models yielded an rRMSE of 30.0%. These results indicate that SfM approaches are comparably precise to allometric equations for dry mass estimations of hedge banks. SfM approaches are less time consuming but have higher technical requirements.

scholarly journals Biomass estimation using a length-weight relationship in beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Staphylinidae) obtained from cow dung

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Radosław Mroczyński ◽  
Karol Daliga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This research enabled the relationship between length and dry body mass to be determined for 158 beetle larvae taken from cow dung in north-eastern Poland. The larvae were divided into three morphological types, for which the power and linear function of the body length-weight relationship were determined. The linear regression equation characterizes the relationship between body weight and length for all morphological types of larvae very well (0.8955≤R2≤0.9752). The power regression equation characterizes this relationship for all morphological types of larvae well (0.8562≤R2≤0.9742).The equations obtained can be used to compute dry mass for most beetle larvae inhabiting dung.

Non-destructive aboveground biomass estimation of coniferous trees using terrestrial LiDAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atticus E.L. Stovall ◽  
Anthony G. Vorster ◽  
Ryan S. Anderson ◽  
Paul H. Evangelista ◽  
Herman H. Shugart
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals An Investigation of Corrosion Progression Using Laser Profilometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Ruikun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
Laser Profilometry ◽  
Corrosion Science ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive

Atmospheric corrosion progression characterisation on metal substrates is a major problem in the field of corrosion science and Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE). A laser profilometry has been used to characterise the corrosion on the mild steel plate at a low cost and high resolution. Four mild steel samples have been measured which exposed to the marine environment from 1 month to 10 months. Two features have been developed to characterise thickness variation in the corrosion layer. These features have been used to characterise corrosion progression through experimental studies. The relationship between these features and corrosion progression has been derived which is useful for corrosion progression measurement, early-stage corrosion prediction, and monitoring areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aboveground Biomass and Temperature in the Tropical Rainforest of Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1888-1891
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Future Value ◽  
The Relationship

The relation between tropical rainforest to the climate variability is very important. This research aims to determine the relationship between aboveground biomass which prefer tree in the tropical rainforest and surrounding temperature. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of ten tree species and surrounding temperature collected data were taken to measure the correlation between the two variables by using statistical test. Furthermore, forest biomass estimation is also important towards the assessment of the productivity, structure and forest condition. The analysis in this research shows that simple linear regression model can be used to predict the future value of DBH for each species. The findings may help the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with proper conservation and sustainable management.

scholarly journals Massal and Individual Electrical Conductivity Tests and its Relationships with the Physiological Quality of Sweet Sorghum Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Joner Silveira Dalcin ◽  
Caren Alessandra Müller ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Rodrigo Roso ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Rapid tests such as electrical conductivity provide fast and consistent results regarding stratification of seed lots by vigor. They are important tools used to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of several species, however, no such information was found for Sorghum bicolor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the physiological quality of the seeds by the mass and individual conductivity tests. Four plots of the Fepagro 19 cultivar were analyzed through the degree of moisture, weight of one thousand seeds, first count and germination, radicular and shoot length, dry mass, cold test and emergence of field seedlings. Subsequently, they were submitted to mass electrical conductivity experiments with variations in the imbibition time (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours), temperature (20, 25 and 30 ºC), number of seeds (25 and 50), volume of water (50 and 75 mL) and individual (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours). The design was completely randomized and the data evaluated by the Tukey test. Only the lowest physiological quality batch was detected in the 20 °C, 75 mL and 25 seeds for 12 hours combinations; the individual test detected the least physiological quality batch, and it was possible to perform it in 24 hours.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive, Laser-Based Individual Tree Aboveground Biomass Estimation in a Tropical Rainforest

Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abd Rahman ◽  
Md Abu Bakar ◽  
Khamarrul Razak ◽  
Abd Rasib ◽  
Kasturi Kanniah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Behavioral variability and consistency: Experimental bases for a psychological theory of personality

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
José Santacreu Mas
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to explain how and why individual differences emerge despite accounting for biological and socio-cultural differences, why people behave differently in the same context, and how behavior becomes stable and consistent. We review the experimental work on variability and stereotypy. In animal research, in contrast to expectations, there is interindividual variability in behavior under extreme environmental control. In addition, intraindividual consistency (stereotypy) is detected in animals whose behavior is not fully adjusted to the contingencies. The differences in what is learned (the kind of contingency relations) among laboratory animals can be explained by: a) the differences between effective contingencies and programmed contingencies, and b) the relationship between exploration and rate of reinforcement. In experimental studies in humans, learning differences in identical environments depend, further to the above, on what was previously learned by the individual (experience and education) and the thoroughness and internal consistency of task instructions. From these concepts, we propose a psychological theory of personality that explains: (a) how we learn different relationships from the same experience; (b) how behavioral individual differences emerge (variability); and (c) why each individual’s behavior becomes stable and consistent.

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