Water Allocation Strategies For The Kat Basin In South Africa : Comparing Negotiation Tools And Game Theory Models

AbstractDespite a constitutional right to water, challenges remain for access to sufficient water in South Africa. This article considers the degree to which current legal provisions perpetuate approaches that are antithetical to genuinely eco-socio-sustainable water access. Water in South Africa has largely been re-cast as a commodity, exposed to market rules, proving problematic for many and giving rise to various responses, including litigation. In the seminal case of Mazibuko, the Constitutional Court failed to provide robust protection to the right to water, providing impetus for the formation of “commons” strategies for water allocation. Indeed, “commoning” is beginning to represent not only an emerging conceptual strand in urban resource allocation, but also a dynamic, contemporary, eco-sensitive, socio-cultural phenomenon, driving innovative, interactive and inclusive forms of planning and social engagement. Against the backdrop of unequal water access, commoning offers glimpses of an empowering and enfranchising subaltern paradigm.

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Relationship between Visitors’ Sense of Place, Recreation Behavior, and Acceptability of Resource Allocation Strategies at a Reservoir Facing a Water Crisis

Journal of Park and Recreation Administration ◽

10.18666/jpra-2021-10898 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Zack Darby ◽

Neelam Chandra Poudyal ◽

Adam Frakes ◽

Omkar Joshi

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Place ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Water Allocation ◽

Water Conditions ◽

Alternative Water ◽

High Level ◽

Recreation Behavior ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Visitor Survey ◽

Allocation Strategies

Municipal drawdowns at public reservoirs can negatively impact recreational uses on site. Therefore, sustaining recreation requires understanding how users relate themselves with the reservoir and the resource therein, and how they will respond to circumstances and policies impacting the resource. Researchers use placedbased theory, particularly sense of place (SOP), to assess the user community’s perspective on the natural resource or recreation site of interest. This study utilized visitor survey data (n=282) from Canton Reservoir in Oklahoma to assess visitors’ sense of place (SOP), and to evaluate the relationship of SOP with their acceptability of alternative water allocation strategies and future intention of visiting the reservoir under depleted water conditions. Visitors had a high level of SOP with the reservoir and supported protective water allocation strategies that either favor the retention of water on-site or ensure a fair distribution between recreation and municipal use. Results suggest a positive relationship between visitors' SOP and their intended trips to the reservoir even under depleted water conditions. The findings highlight the psychological, functional, and emotional benefits associated with the recreational use of the Canton Reservoir, which will in turn help managers make more informed and balanced decisions about water conservation and allocation. Insights from this study will also contribute in literature on the sense of place and protective norms and offers several implications for the management of public reservoirs.

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A Stochastic Optimization Model for Agricultural Irrigation Water Allocation Based on the Field Water Cycle

Water ◽

10.3390/w10081031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zehao Yan ◽

Mo Li

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Allocation ◽

Optimal Allocation ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Irrigation District ◽

Agricultural Irrigation ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Irrigation Water Allocation ◽

Allocation Strategies

Agricultural water scarcity is a global problem and this reinforces the need for optimal allocation of irrigation water resources. However, decision makers are challenged by the complexity of fluctuating stream condition and irrigation quota as well as the dynamic changes of the field water cycle process, which make optimal allocation more complex. A two-stage chance-constrained programming model with random parameters in the left- and right-hand sides of constraints considering field water cycle process has been developed for agricultural irrigation water allocation. The model is capable of generating reasonable irrigation allocation strategies considering water transformation among crop evapotranspiration, precipitation, irrigation, soil water content, and deep percolation. Moreover, it can deal with randomness in both the right-hand side and the left-hand side of constraints to generate schemes under different flow levels and constraint-violation risk levels, which are informative for decision makers. The Yingke irrigation district in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, northwest China, was used to test the developed model. Tradeoffs among different crops in different time periods under different flow levels, and dynamic changes of soil moisture and deep percolation were analyzed. Scenarios with different violating probabilities were conducted to gain insight into the sensitivity of irrigation water allocation strategies on water supply and irrigation quota. The performed analysis indicated that the proposed model can efficiently optimize agricultural irrigation water for an irrigation district with water scarcity in a stochastic environment.

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Exploring Future Water Shortage for Large River Basins under Different Water Allocation Strategies

Water Resources Management ◽

10.1007/s11269-018-1975-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 3071-3086 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dan Yan ◽

Mingtian Yao ◽

Fulco Ludwig ◽

Pavel Kabat ◽

He Qing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Allocation ◽

Water Shortage ◽

River Basins ◽

Large River ◽

Large River Basins ◽

Allocation Strategies

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Sustainable water allocation strategies under various climate scenarios: A case study in China

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 574 ◽

pp. 529-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Liming Yao ◽

Zhongwen Xu ◽

Xudong Chen

Keyword(s):

Water Allocation ◽

Climate Scenarios ◽

Allocation Strategies

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GIS AND GAME THEORY FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-215-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol IV-4/W4 ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Ganjali ◽

C. Guney

Keyword(s):

Game Theory ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resources Management ◽

Water Allocation ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Resources Management ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Game Theory

In this study, aspects of Game theory and its application on water resources management combined with GIS techniques are detailed. First, each term is explained and the advantages and limitations of its aspect is discussed. Then, the nature of combinations between each pair and literature on the previous studies are given. Several cases were investigated and results were magnified in order to conclude with the applicability and combination of GIS- Game Theory- Water Resources Management. It is concluded that the game theory is used relatively in limited studies of water management fields such as cost/benefit allocation among users, water allocation among trans-boundary users in water resources, water quality management, groundwater management, analysis of water policies, fair allocation of water resources development cost and some other narrow fields. Also, Decision-making in environmental projects requires consideration of trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts and is often complicated by various stakeholder views. Most of the literature on water allocation and conflict problems uses traditional optimization models to identify the most efficient scheme while the Game Theory, as an optimization method, combined GIS are beneficial platforms for agent based models to be used in solving Water Resources Management problems in the further studies.

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