A Tale of Two Systems: Beliefs and Practices of South African Muslim and Hindu Traditional Healers regarding Cleft Lip and Palate

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Ross
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Individual Interviews

Objectives: This South African study compared the views of 15 Muslim and 8 Hindu traditional healers regarding the etiology and treatment of craniofacial clefts, reasons for people consulting with them, and collaboration with Western professionals. Data Analysis: The original data were collected via individual interviews. Secondary data analysis was conducted to highlight common themes. Results: Four Hindu and 12 Muslim healers believed that the condition was God sent. Both groups acknowledged the existence of various superstitions within their communities. For example, if a pregnant woman handled a sharp object during an eclipse, her infant could be born with a cleft. All Hindu healers also attributed clefts to karma. All the Muslim healers counseled patients and families. Fourteen referred people for medical help, 10 emphasized the importance of prayer, and 3 recommended the wearing of amulets containing a prayer. No Hindu healers provided direct treatment. Three advised parents to fast, six arranged fire and purification ceremonies in the temples, and three consulted the person's astrological chart to dispel any bad karma. Both groups of healers advised people to give to charity. Eight Hindu healers and eight Muslim healers believed that people consulted with them because of cultural influences and because they alleviated feelings of guilt. Four Hindu and 13 Muslim healers favored collaboration with Western practitioners. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive rehabilitation practices, collaboration, referrals, and information sharing between Eastern and Western health care practitioners.

Approaches of South African Traditional Healers regarding the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Dagher ◽  
Eleanor Ross
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
African Languages ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Design

Objective Due to the large number of Black South Africans known to consult with traditional healers and the influential role they play in the developing world, this study investigated the approaches of a group of 15 traditional healers toward the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Design An exploratory-descriptive, qualitative research design was employed, which involved the use of standardized, semistructured interviews, conducted with the assistance of an interpreter who was fluent in several African languages. Setting Interviews were conducted outdoors in places in which traditional healers usually consult with their patients. These areas were in the fields close to the traditional healers’ homes or under a highway bridge in the Johannesburg inner city. Participants Individual interviews were conducted with 15 African traditional healers who had been practicing in their callings for at least 1 year. Results Traditional healers interviewed had treated one to six persons with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both. Most informants believed that clefts were caused by the ancestors, spirits, and witchcraft. A variety of plant and animal products were used to treat these conditions and were augmented by spiritual resources from the ancestors. All except one healer had undergone formal training, although they had received no specific training relative to cleft lip and palate. Most participants reported referring patients to Western health care practitioners who were referred to as modern doctors but did not receive reciprocal referrals from these professionals. Patients generally consulted with traditional healers because this approach was part of their culture. Conclusions These findings have important implications for health care professionals as well as traditional healers in terms of cross-cultural consultation, collaboration, and information sharing with regard to cleft lip and palate; the potential use of traditional healers in primary health care and education; and further research.

Prevalence of Cleft Lip/Palate in the Fangshan District of Beijing, 2006-2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1296-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Yang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ruixin Ma ◽  
Lei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Obstetric Services ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Beijing China

Objective: To estimate the cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) prevalence among births between 2006 and 2012 in Fangshan district of Beijing, China. Design: Surveillance data analysis. Setting: All hospitals that provide obstetric services in the district. Patients: The CL/P cases presented for this report were from 13 weeks’ gestation to 7 days postpartum. Main Outcome Measures: The CL/P prevalence was defined as the number of cases per 10 000 births, including live births and stillbirths at 28 weeks’ gestation or beyond. Results: The overall CL/P prevalence was 18.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.1-22.7) per 10 000 births. From 2006 to 2012, the CL/P prevalence was 19.3, 20.2, 10.9, 16.1, 17.5, 25.4, and 22.3 per 10 000 births; annually, no significant change was noted ( Pfor trend = .311). The prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft lip and palate were 3.4 (95% CI: 2.0-5.4), 6.2 (95% CI: 4.2-8.8), and 9.4 (95% CI: 6.9-12.4) per 10 000 births, respectively. The CL/P prevalence among the nonpermanent residents (31.4 per 10 000 births) was 2.31 times that of permanent residents (13.6 per 10 000 births). Among nonpermanent residents, the CL/P prevalence showed an upward trend over the study period ( Pfor trend = .036), that increased from 38.8 (95% CI: 16.5-76.6) per 10 000 births in 2006 to 54.6 (95% CI: 25.7-100.4) per 10 000 births in 2012. Conclusions: The overall CL/P prevalence was stable in the Fangshan district. However, the CL/P prevalence of the nonpermanent residents increased significantly.

scholarly journals Occupational assessment model as a regulation tool in the wholesale and retail sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Linda Meyer ◽  
Jon Jay le Grange ◽  
Roger B. Mason ◽  
Steven Louw
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Business Training ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Occupational Qualification

The aim of this study was to critically evaluate the implementation requirements of the new system of occupational qualification and part qualifications in South Africa, from the perspective of industry and other stakeholders who are affected by the change. The methodology adopted was qualitative, including an analysis of secondary data, namely South African and international policy documents on assessment. This was followed by empirical research, using individual interviews and a survey applied via regional focus groups. A purposive sample of 67 stakeholders, made up of business, training providers, quality assurance experts and W&RSETA staff, was selected. Data was analysed using a thematic identifier, looking for common trends that were then grouped according to categories. Each questionnaire was dissected and classified according to the categories. Independent checks were put into place in which data was cross-referenced and audited to ensure that all findings produced were error free. The main findings were that an assessment model would need to be flexible to meet the industry’s various needs. Furthermore, a standard operating procedure is required, industry consultation on their needs and assessment planning is needed to minimise disruption of operations, and a formalized process by which roles are linked to standard operating procedures and the ability to perform competently against them is necessary.

scholarly journals Western and traditional medicine: Cultural beliefs and practices of South African Muslims with regard to Down Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Dangor ◽  
Eleanor Ross
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The South ◽  
Beliefs And Practices

The aim of the study was to investigate the beliefs and practices of caregivers and traditional healers within the South African Muslim community regarding Down syndrome. An exploratory-descriptive research design was utilized which incorporated individual interviews with 10 caregivers of persons with Down syndrome as well as 10 traditional healers from the South African Muslim community. Common beliefs emanating from both groups relating to the cause of Down syndrome included the notion that this condition was genetic in origin and that such children were perceived to be gifts from God. Others attributed Down syndrome to a punishment from God or the result of curses from people. Treatment included the use of inscriptions from the Quraan, water that had been prayed over and herbal medicines. Some caregivers seemed reluctant to approach western health care professionals due to negative past experiences. The main reasons for consulting traditional healers were cultural beliefs and pressure from family members, their holistic approach and the personal nature of their interventions. Collaboration between allopathic medicine and traditional healing was advocated by almost all of the traditional healers. These findings underline the need for culturally sensitive rehabilitation practices in speech-language pathology and audiology; and collaboration between western health care practitioners and traditional healers.

A Simple and Precise Classification for Cleft Lip and Palate: A Five-Digit Numerical Recording System

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Ming-Liang Yang ◽  
Zeng-Jian Li ◽  
Xiao-Feng Bai ◽  
Xu-Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Recording System ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Primary Palate ◽  
Medical University

Objective: Numerous methods have been developed for recording cleft lip and palate deformities, but none has been universally accepted due to limitations, inadequate description of the cleft deformities, and varying complexity. Design: The classification system introduced in this article is designed to describe detailed information of the cleft deformities with five-digit codes. The anatomic description of the cleft components is denoted with five Arabic numerals in order of right lip, right alveolus and primary palate, secondary palate, left alveolus and primary palate, and left lip. The extent of the cleft deformities is recorded using the numerals 0 to 4 (i.e., from intact to complete). Setting: Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University. Results: This new classification system allows a numerical description of any kind of complete cleft, incomplete cleft, asymmetry, and complex clefts with an intervening intact segment (all simulated cases). Conclusions: The simplicity and precision of this five-digit classification system make it easy to understand, and it can be used for computerized data analysis.

scholarly journals Novel GRHL3 Variants in a South African Cohort With Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110384
Author(s):  
Thirona Naicker ◽  
Chinyere C. Adeleke ◽  
Azeez Alade ◽  
Peter A. Mossey ◽  
Waheed A. Awotoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
African Population ◽  
South African Population ◽  
African Populations

Objective The etiology of cleft palate (CP) is poorly understood compared with that of cleft lip with or without palate (CL ± P). Recently, variants in Grainyhead like transcription factor 3 ( GRHL3) were reported to be associated with a risk for CP in European and some African populations including Nigeria, Ghana, and Ethiopia. In order to identify genetic variants that may further explain the etiology of CP, we sequenced GRHL3 in a South African population to determine if rare variants in GRHL3 are associated with the presence of syndromic or nonsyndromic CP. Design We sequenced the exons of GRHL3 in 100 cases and where possible, we sequenced the parents of the individuals to determine the segregation pattern and presence of de novo variants. Setting The cleft clinics from 2 public, tertiary hospitals in Durban, South Africa (SA), namely Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and KwaZulu-Natal Children's Hospital. Patients, participants One hundred patients with CL ± P and their parents. Interventions Saliva samples were collected. Main outcome measures To ascertain the genetic variants in the GRHL3 gene in patients with CL ± P in SA. Results Five variants in GRHL3 were observed; 3 were novel and 2 were known variants. The novel variants were intronic variants (c.1062 + 77A>G and c.627 + 1G>A) and missense variant (p.Asp169Gly). Conclusions This study provides further evidence that variants in GRHL3 contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic CP in African populations, specifically, in the South African population.

Determinants of executive compensation in South African state-owned enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Maloa ◽  
Mark Bussin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
South African ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
African State ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Research Approach

This research explores the determinants of executive compensation in South African state-owned enterprises (SOEs). A quantitative research approach wasfollowed and secondary data analysis was carried out. The target population consisted of 222 executives in 21 SOEs. This research has shown that the size of the organisation, type of industry and job function can be considered significant and positive determinants of executive compensation in South African SOEs. The findings of the present research also show that demographic characteristics are not significant determinants of executive compensation and should therefore not be taken into consideration when determining executive compensation in South African SOEs.

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