Pyricularia setariae: a potential bioherbicide agent for control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Peng ◽  
K. N. Byer ◽  
K. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
The One

One hundred and thirty-three fungal isolates, pathogenic to green foxtail, were evaluated for weed control potential under controlled conditions. To determine weed control efficacy, these pathogens were applied as spore or mycelial suspensions at approximately 105propagules ml−1to green foxtail at the three-leaf stage. One week after inoculation, most isolates caused only minor injury to the plants, but 15 isolates caused 50 to 100% disease. Among the most efficacious isolates, only those ofPyricularia setariaeexhibited strong host specificity to the target weed, revealing no significant pathogenicity on 28 other plant species tested, including many important crops such as wheat, barley, and oat. On green foxtail leaves, conidia of this fungus germinated readily at 14, 20, and 26 C, but the process of germination and appressorial formation was more rapid at the higher temperatures. The fungus applied at the concentration of 105spores ml−1reduced weed fresh weight by 34% 7 d after the treatment when compared with controls, whereas a concentration of 107spores ml−1reduced fresh weight by 87%. This efficacy was comparable with that of the herbicide sethoxydim. When applied to the weed at the one- to four-leaf stages, the fungus reduced green foxtail fresh weight by more than 80%. Efficacy was slightly lower on plants at the five-leaf stage or older. On the green foxtail biotype resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim,P. setariaecaused 80% fresh weight reduction compared with untreated controls, as opposed to 17% achieved with the herbicide. At 20 C, the fungus required a minimum of 6-h dew period to initiate infection, but a 10-h dew period was needed to cause severe damage to green foxtail.

Spray Retention on Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) and its Effect on Weed Control Efficacy by Pyricularia setariae1

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY PENG ◽  
THOMAS M. WOLF ◽  
KELLY N. BYER ◽  
BRIAN CALDWELL
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Green Foxtail

Response of Three Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Cultivars to Mesotrione, Quinclorac, and Pendimethalin

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Harold P. Collins ◽  
Steven C. Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The One ◽  
Grass Weed

Annual grass weed control and switchgrass cultivar response to PRE-applied pendimethalin and POST-applied mesotrione and quinclorac was evaluated in 2005 and 2006 near Paterson, WA, in both newly seeded and 1-yr-old established switchgrass. Pendimethalin applied to newly planted switchgrass at 1.1 kg ai ha−1at the one-leaf stage in 2005 or at 0.67 kg ha−1PRE in 2006 severely injured and greatly reduced switchgrass stands. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ai ha−1injured newly planted switchgrass, reduced switchgrass height for several weeks after treatment, and reduced final switchgrass biomass by 54% both years. ‘Kanlow’ and ‘Cave-in-Rock’ cultivars were injured less by mesotrione than ‘Shawnee’ in 2005, whereas in 2006, Kanlow was injured less than Shawnee and Cave-in-Rock. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ai ha−1injured newly planted switchgrass less than mesotrione and pendimethalin but reduced final switchgrass biomass by 33% both years compared with treatment with atrazine alone. All three herbicide treatments controlled large crabgrass in the year of establishment. Green foxtail counts were reduced 93% or more by pendimethalin and quinclorac compared with nontreated controls, but mesotrione failed to control green foxtail. Pendimethalin applied PRE at 1.1 kg ha−1did not injure 1-yr-old established switchgrass or reduce switchgrass biomass. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ha−1to established switchgrass reduced switchgrass biomass of the first harvest by 16% in 1 of 2 yr. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ha−1injured established switchgrass and reduced biomass of the first harvest by 33 and 17% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Kanlow was injured the least by mesotrione in both years. Established switchgrass suppressed late-emerging annual grass weeds sufficiently to avoid the need for a grass-specific herbicide application.

MSMA for Weed Control in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja ◽  
E. Pacholak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Better Than

Postemergence applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) for weed control in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) were evaluated in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environmental chamber. MSMA controlled weeds better when applied to wheat at the four- to five-leaf stage than when applied at the two- to three-leaf stage. MSMA, tank mixed with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) or diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}, controlled wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), green foxtail, [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.] and broadleaf weeds better than did MSMA applied alone. Wild oat control with tank-mix applications of MSMA and difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) was variable. Weed control with MSMA was enhanced by 30 C air temperatures, 90% relative humidity, and adequate soil moisture. A simulated rainfall of 0.5 mm within 0.5 h or 4 mm with 4 hr after application reduced wild oat control with MSMA.

Postemergence Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Control in Corn (Zea mays) in Western Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. McMullan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Tiller Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
The One

Field research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of DPX-79406 (a 1:1 mixture of nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron) for green foxtail control in field corn. Green foxtail control was similar when DPX-79406 was applied postemergence compared to preplant incorporated EPTC/dichlormid or metolachlor. DPX-79406 gave similar green foxtail control to that of cyanazine and better control than inter-row cultivation following soil-applied herbicides. Green foxtail control was greatest when DPX-79406 was applied at the one- to two-tiller stage compared to the one- to two-leaf stage, suggesting that green foxtail is more susceptible to DPX-79406 at later growth stages. DPX-79406 injured ‘Pioneer 3995’ corn in all trials but injured ‘Pride K020’ corn in only one treatment. DPX-79406 between 15 and 25 g ai/ha gave 85% control of green foxtail with minimal corn injury. Adjuvants tended to increase both corn injury and green foxtail control with Scoil and Merge increasing DPX-79406 activity the most. DPX-79406 provides an effective postemergence alternative for green foxtail control in field corn, for either preplant incorporated herbicides or postemergence cyanazine.

Factors Affecting the Herbicidal Activity of TCA on Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Light ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was effectively controlled in the greenhouse by applying the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a postemergence treatment, when a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was used; when application preceded the two-leaf stage; and when 2.54 mm of water were available daily for moving TCA into the soil. There were significant interactions of TCA rate with light intensity, temperature, and source of seeds on the response of green foxtail. Seedhead production was curtailed at rates of 0.56 kg/ha or above when plants were grown under high light intensities (19,250 to 22,000 lux) and at moderate temperatures (20 to 22 C). Rates of 1.68 kg/ha or more were required to stop heading of foxtail grown at high temperature (27 C).

Fluazifop-P Tank-Mixtures with Clethodim for Annual Grass Control in Flax (Linum usitatissimum)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field studies were undertaken in 1992 and 1993 to investigate the control of wild oat and green foxtail in flax with reduced rates of fluazifop-P and clethodim applied as tank-mixtures. Fluazifop-P plus clethodim at 50 + 18 g ai/ha controlled wild oat and green foxtail and was as effective as full rates of either herbicide applied alone. These rates represent a 20% reduction in total amount of active ingredient required to control wild oat and green foxtail. Application of fluazifop-P, and/or clethodim prior to the 3- to 4-leaf stage failed to control late emerging grass weeds. Application of graminicide mixtures at or after the 3- to 4-leaf stage controlled late emerging grass weeds and did not affect flax yield. When applied late, fluazifop-P at 175 g/ha tended to reduce flax yield, although weed control was acceptable and no foliar injury was observed following treatment. The efficacy of graminicide mixtures was reduced by addition of bromoxynil plus MCPA to the spray mix.

Efficacy ofExserohilum monocerasfor the control ofEchinochloaspecies in rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenming Zhang ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
Vertebrate Pests ◽  
Field Plots

Efficacy of an indigenous fungus,Exserohilum monoceras, for the control of 3Echinochloaspecies was evaluated and compared under both regulated greenhouse and screenhouse (field plots netted with 2 layers of metal mesh screening to exclude vertebrate pests) conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, an inoculum dose of 2.5 × 107conidia m−2killed all seedlings of both barnyardgrass andE. glabrescens, whereas an inoculum dose of 5.0 × 107conidia m−2was required to obtain 100% mortality of junglerice seedlings. The 1.5-leaf stage of all 3Echinochloaspecies was the most susceptible. Increasing inoculum density increased weed control efficacy on younger or olderEchinochloaseedlings. The highest level of control was observed forE. glabrescens, less for barnyardgrass, and least for junglerice. Under screenhouse conditions,Exserohilum monocerascaused more than 90% mortality ofEchinochloaspecies when the inoculum was formulated as an oil emulsion or when applied as a dry powder.

Efficacy and Economics of Cultivation for Weed Control in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Paul E. Patterson ◽  
Mary J. Guttieri ◽  
Jeffrey C. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control Net

A 3-year study was conducted in irrigated potato to compare weed control efficacy and economics of hilling plus one or two cultivations with the standard treatment of hilling plus a preemergence application of pendimethalin plus metribuzin. Trials were conducted under both weedy and weed-free conditions. Common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed were present in weedy treatments each year; significant populations of hairy nightshade and green foxtail also were present one year. When weed populations were low or moderate (< 45 plants/m2), total weed biomass in the hilling plus one cultivation treatment was reduced 98 to 99% relative to the weedy control, and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields were equal to the standard treatment. However, when weed populations were high (145 plants/m2), hilling plus one cultivation and hilling plus two cultivations provided only 30% and 61% reduction in weed biomass, respectively, and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields were 35% and 13% less, respectively, than the standard treatment. The standard treatment provided 99% reduction in total weed biomass each year, and yields were equal to the weed-free, hill plus no cultivation control. Net return was $37 to $100/ha higher for the hilling plus one cultivation treatment compared to the standard treatment when weed populations were moderate or low, but was $808/ha less than the standard treatment when weed populations were high.

Selectivity of Dichlofop Methyl Among Wheat, Barley, Wild Oat (Arena fatua) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Todd ◽  
E.H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of {2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] methyl propionate}, (hereinafter referred to as dichlofop methyl), among wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Bonanza’), wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.) was investigated. On an ED50basis, barley, wild oat, and green foxtail were 2, 190, and 1,090 times more sensitive, respectively, to foliar-applied dichlofop methyl at the two-leaf stage than was wheat. Selectivity decreased with increasing maturity of the plant material with the ratio of selectivity between barley and wild oat decreasing from 55 at the two-leaf stage to three at the four-leaf-plus-one-tiller stage. Greater spray retention and more rapid penetration of dichlofop methyl partially explained the susceptibility of green foxtail, but did not explain selectivity between wheat, wild oat, and barley. Root uptake of14C-dichlofop methyl by the four species was proportional to the amount of solution absorbed during the treatment period and to the concentration of dichlofop methyl in the treatment solution but was not related to species sensitivity to this herbicide.

Interactions ofPyricularia setariaewith Herbicides for Control of Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Peng ◽  
Kelly N. Byer
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Different Doses

Sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, imazethapyr, quinclorac, propanil, glyphosate, and glufosinate were tested at rates below those recommended by the manufacturers withPyricularia setariaeNiskada under greenhouse conditions for control of green foxtail. At one-tenth of the recommended rate in a 100 L/ha carrier volume, only the sethoxydim–P. setariaecombination achieved more effective green foxtail control when compared with the herbicide or pathogen alone. Selected herbicides at one-tenth, one-fourth, and one-half of the recommended rates showed variable interactions with the pathogen on plants with three and five leaves. Propanil (recommended rate 0.99 kg ai/ha) was more synergistic at higher rates, especially on larger plants, for which the combined treatment increased green foxtail mortality from zero in the herbicide alone to 100%. Quinclorac (recommended rate 0.10 kg ai/ha) acted similarly to propanil with slightly lower synergy effects. Sethoxydim (recommended rate 0.15 kg ai/ha) at one-tenth or one-quarter of the rate plusP. setariaeoften enhanced green foxtail control on larger plants. On smaller plants, the herbicide and pathogen alone were highly efficacious. Compared with tank mixes withP. setariae, propanil, quinclorac, or sethoxydim applied 6 h before the pathogen or earlier generally showed greater efficacy. Delaying a tank mix application for up to 2 h had little negative effect, but longer than 4 h often reduced efficacy. When combining the pathogen at different doses with propanil, quinclorac, or sethoxydim at one-tenth, one-quarter, and one-half of the rate, both fungal dose and herbicide rate affected the efficacy. Coapplying any of the herbicides at the one-quarter rate with the pathogen at the sublethal dose of 2 × 107spores/ml achieved complete control of green foxtail.

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