Factors Affecting the Herbicidal Activity of TCA on Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Light ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was effectively controlled in the greenhouse by applying the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a postemergence treatment, when a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was used; when application preceded the two-leaf stage; and when 2.54 mm of water were available daily for moving TCA into the soil. There were significant interactions of TCA rate with light intensity, temperature, and source of seeds on the response of green foxtail. Seedhead production was curtailed at rates of 0.56 kg/ha or above when plants were grown under high light intensities (19,250 to 22,000 lux) and at moderate temperatures (20 to 22 C). Rates of 1.68 kg/ha or more were required to stop heading of foxtail grown at high temperature (27 C).

The Fate of Nitrofen in Rape, Redroot Pigweed, and Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hawton ◽  
E. H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
High Light ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Ether Linkage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

The fate of 2,4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) in the foliage of rape (Brassica campestris L. ‘Echo’), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was investigated with the aid of 14C-nitrofen. Only limited amounts of the label were translocated in these species. Plants treated with 14C-nitrofen under high light conditions produced several labelled compounds of different molecular size and chromatographic properties. The time at which these compounds were first detectable depended on light intensity. At least two of these compounds are lipid-nitrofen conjugates or nitrofen polymers and others may be formed by cleavage of nitrofen at the ether linkage.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN J. DOUGLAS ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
A. GORDON THOMAS ◽  
MURRAY G. MAW
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Light Level ◽  
High Light ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Green Foxtail

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. is a European native and has been present in Canada since at least 1821. It is currently the most abundant weed species in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Setaria viridis is primarily a problem in late-seeded spring crops and is most competitive under high-temperature and high-light level conditions. Setaria viridis is easily controlled with herbicides but it continues to be a major weed problem due to its rapid growth through the vegetative stage to flowering, the large numbers of seeds produced and its high phenotypic plasticity.Key words: Green foxtail, weed biology, distribution, Setaria viridis

Wheat Tolerance to TCA for Green Foxtail Control

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. Chow ◽  
R. D. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Seven cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and one hybrid (Triticale hexaploid Lart. ‘Rosner’) were evaluated in seven field experiments and one greenhouse test for tolerance to the postemergence application of the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). The control of green foxtail and broadleaf weeds was also studied. Of the seven cultivars, ‘Pitic 62’ and ‘Stewart’ were most susceptible to injury from TCA. All other cultivars were tolerant to 0.56 kg/ha. ‘Selkirk’ appeared to be most resistant. With ‘Manitou’ 0.56 kg/ha of TCA gave about 50% control of green foxtail. Higher rates permitted increased growth of broadleaf weeds as a result of reduced competition from injured wheat and green foxtail. Control of all weeds was improved by 10 to 30% when TCA was applied with one of the phenoxy herbicides. Satisfactory crop tolerance and good weed control was achieved with 0.56 kg/ha TCA and 0.56 kg/ha of the amine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).

Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Different Wheat Cultivars under High Light Intensity and High Temperature Stresses

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Li QI ◽  
Lin HU ◽  
Hai-Bin DONG ◽  
Lei ZHANG ◽  
Gen-Song WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Temperature Stresses

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

Acquired tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to photoinhibition as a result of growing Solanum lycopersicum at moderately higher temperature and light intensity

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena T. Gerganova ◽  
Aygyun K. Faik ◽  
Maya Y. Velitchkova
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Light ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Moderately High Temperature

The kinetics of photoinhibition in detached leaves from tomato plants (Solanium lycopersicum L. cv. M82) grown for 6 days under different combinations of optimal and moderately high temperature and optimal and high light intensity were studied. The inhibition of PSII was evaluated by changes in maximal quantum yield, the coefficient of photochemical quenching and the quantum yield of PSII. The changes of PSI activity was estimated by the redox state of P700. The involvement of different possible protective processes was checked by determination of nonphotochemical quenching and cyclic electron flow around PSI. To evaluate to what extent the photosynthetic apparatus and its response to high light treatment was affected by growth conditions, the kinetics of photoinhibition in isolated thylakoid membranes were also studied. The photochemical activities of both photosystems and changes in the energy distribution and interactions between them were evaluated by means of a Clark electrode and 77 K fluorescence analysis. The data showed an increased tolerance to photoinhibition in plants grown under a combination of moderately high temperature and light intensity, which was related to the stimulation of cyclic electron flow, PSI activity and rearrangements of pigment–protein complexes, leading to a decrease in the excitation energy delivered to PSII.

Selectivity of Dichlofop Methyl Among Wheat, Barley, Wild Oat (Arena fatua) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Todd ◽  
E.H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of {2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] methyl propionate}, (hereinafter referred to as dichlofop methyl), among wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Bonanza’), wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.) was investigated. On an ED50basis, barley, wild oat, and green foxtail were 2, 190, and 1,090 times more sensitive, respectively, to foliar-applied dichlofop methyl at the two-leaf stage than was wheat. Selectivity decreased with increasing maturity of the plant material with the ratio of selectivity between barley and wild oat decreasing from 55 at the two-leaf stage to three at the four-leaf-plus-one-tiller stage. Greater spray retention and more rapid penetration of dichlofop methyl partially explained the susceptibility of green foxtail, but did not explain selectivity between wheat, wild oat, and barley. Root uptake of14C-dichlofop methyl by the four species was proportional to the amount of solution absorbed during the treatment period and to the concentration of dichlofop methyl in the treatment solution but was not related to species sensitivity to this herbicide.

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