Postemergence Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Control in Corn (Zea mays) in Western Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. McMullan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Tiller Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
The One

Field research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of DPX-79406 (a 1:1 mixture of nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron) for green foxtail control in field corn. Green foxtail control was similar when DPX-79406 was applied postemergence compared to preplant incorporated EPTC/dichlormid or metolachlor. DPX-79406 gave similar green foxtail control to that of cyanazine and better control than inter-row cultivation following soil-applied herbicides. Green foxtail control was greatest when DPX-79406 was applied at the one- to two-tiller stage compared to the one- to two-leaf stage, suggesting that green foxtail is more susceptible to DPX-79406 at later growth stages. DPX-79406 injured ‘Pioneer 3995’ corn in all trials but injured ‘Pride K020’ corn in only one treatment. DPX-79406 between 15 and 25 g ai/ha gave 85% control of green foxtail with minimal corn injury. Adjuvants tended to increase both corn injury and green foxtail control with Scoil and Merge increasing DPX-79406 activity the most. DPX-79406 provides an effective postemergence alternative for green foxtail control in field corn, for either preplant incorporated herbicides or postemergence cyanazine.

CONTROL OF GREEN FOXTAIL IN CEREALS WITH AC 206,784, ALONE AND IN MIXTURES WITH TRIALLATE FOR WILD OATS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
P. N. P. CHOW ◽  
J. H. HUNTER ◽  
K. J. KIRKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Green Foxtail

Control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) with AC 206,784 (2-chloro-N-isopropyl-2′,3′-acetoxylidide) was evaluated at four locations in western Canada. With soil applications, control was good at Lacombe in 1978 but poor at Lacombe and Regina during 1979. Control was good at Brandon and Scott in 1979. At two locations in 1979, soil surface (PE) applications were less effective for control of green foxtail than preplant-incorporated (PPI) treatments. PPI treatments to a depth of 5 cm were more effective than PPI to 10 cm. Soil applications of AC 206,784 did not control wild oats (Avena fatua L.) or injure wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions but did provide suppression of these species under greenhouse conditions. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tolerance to AC 206,784 was good. Treating the soil zone containing the emerging coleoptiles of green foxtail and wheat caused more injury that treating the root zone. Application of AC 206,784 as a tank-mixture with triallate did not affect its activity on green foxtail or influence triallate activity on wild oats. In field and greenhouse experiments, control of green foxtail with AC 206,784 applied at the two-leaf stage was variable; at the four-leaf stage it was poor.

Effects of Nicosulfuron on Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Betsey M. O'Toole ◽  
John Andaloro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Conventional Field

Four field experiments were conducted during 1988 and 1989 to determine the effects of POST application of nicosulfuron on quackgrass control in conventional field corn. A single application of nicosulfuron at 35 to 70 g ha–1applied to four- to six-leaf quackgrass controlled over 90% of quackgrass five weeks after treatment. Nicosulfuron at 35 g ha–1applied at the one- to three-leaf stage was not as effective as the same rate applied at the four- to six-leaf stage. When nicosulfuron at 35 g ha–1was applied to four- to six-leaf quackgrass, over 80% of the quackgrass regrowth was controlled one year later. Nicosulfuron did not injure ‘Agway 584S’ corn at the highest rate (140 g ha–1) tested and did not reduce silage or grain yield.

Pyricularia setariae: a potential bioherbicide agent for control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Peng ◽  
K. N. Byer ◽  
K. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
The One

One hundred and thirty-three fungal isolates, pathogenic to green foxtail, were evaluated for weed control potential under controlled conditions. To determine weed control efficacy, these pathogens were applied as spore or mycelial suspensions at approximately 105propagules ml−1to green foxtail at the three-leaf stage. One week after inoculation, most isolates caused only minor injury to the plants, but 15 isolates caused 50 to 100% disease. Among the most efficacious isolates, only those ofPyricularia setariaeexhibited strong host specificity to the target weed, revealing no significant pathogenicity on 28 other plant species tested, including many important crops such as wheat, barley, and oat. On green foxtail leaves, conidia of this fungus germinated readily at 14, 20, and 26 C, but the process of germination and appressorial formation was more rapid at the higher temperatures. The fungus applied at the concentration of 105spores ml−1reduced weed fresh weight by 34% 7 d after the treatment when compared with controls, whereas a concentration of 107spores ml−1reduced fresh weight by 87%. This efficacy was comparable with that of the herbicide sethoxydim. When applied to the weed at the one- to four-leaf stages, the fungus reduced green foxtail fresh weight by more than 80%. Efficacy was slightly lower on plants at the five-leaf stage or older. On the green foxtail biotype resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim,P. setariaecaused 80% fresh weight reduction compared with untreated controls, as opposed to 17% achieved with the herbicide. At 20 C, the fungus required a minimum of 6-h dew period to initiate infection, but a 10-h dew period was needed to cause severe damage to green foxtail.

Factors Affecting the Herbicidal Activity of TCA on Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Light ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was effectively controlled in the greenhouse by applying the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a postemergence treatment, when a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was used; when application preceded the two-leaf stage; and when 2.54 mm of water were available daily for moving TCA into the soil. There were significant interactions of TCA rate with light intensity, temperature, and source of seeds on the response of green foxtail. Seedhead production was curtailed at rates of 0.56 kg/ha or above when plants were grown under high light intensities (19,250 to 22,000 lux) and at moderate temperatures (20 to 22 C). Rates of 1.68 kg/ha or more were required to stop heading of foxtail grown at high temperature (27 C).

In-Furrow Terbufos Reduces Field and Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance to Nicosulfuron

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Morton ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Douglas A. Landis ◽  
William E. Lueschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Previously Treated

Field experiments were conducted in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin in 1990 to explore interactions between nicosulfuron applied POST and terbufos insecticide at 0.06 or 0.11 g ai/m of row applied in-furrow on ‘Pioneer 3751’ field corn and ‘Jubilee’ sweet corn. Nicosulfuron at 0, 70, and 140 g ai/ha plus nonionic surfactant and 28% nitrogen fertilizer was applied to both corn types. Field corn response to nicosulfuron and terbufos was similar at all locations, whereas sweet corn injury varied with location. Nicosulfuron injured field corn more when applied at the four-leaf than the three-leaf stage. Injury to both corn types increased as nicosulfuron rate increased or when applied following terbufos. Nicosulfuron at 140 g/ha without terbufos did not reduce yield of either corn type; however, corn previously treated in-furrow with terbufos reduced yield.

Effects of Soil pH on Competitive Ability and Leaf Nutrient Content of Corn (Zea maysL.) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Allan S. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Companion Plant

Effects of soil pH on growth, competitive ability, and leaf nutrient content of corn (Zea maysL.), Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powelliiS. Wats. ♯ AMAPO), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯ ABUTH), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv. ♯ SETVI] were measured in the field. Corn yields were significantly reduced by weed competition at all pH levels, but leaf nutrient content, as a percentage of dry weight, was not affected. Aboveground dry weights of Powell amaranth and velvetleaf were significantly lower at pH 4.8 than at pH 6.0 or 7.3, whereas growth of green foxtail was greater at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. Weed competitive ability, as evidenced by reductions in dry weight, varied with soil pH and companion plant. Powell amaranth and velvetleaf had higher levels of S, Zn, and especially Mn, at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. N and K in the leaf tissue were greater in the weed species than in corn at all soil pH levels. The dicot species had higher percentages of Ca and Mg in leaf tissue at all soil pH levels and accumulated higher percentages of Mn at low pH than the monocot species.

Selectivity of Dichlofop Methyl Among Wheat, Barley, Wild Oat (Arena fatua) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Todd ◽  
E.H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of {2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] methyl propionate}, (hereinafter referred to as dichlofop methyl), among wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Bonanza’), wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.) was investigated. On an ED50basis, barley, wild oat, and green foxtail were 2, 190, and 1,090 times more sensitive, respectively, to foliar-applied dichlofop methyl at the two-leaf stage than was wheat. Selectivity decreased with increasing maturity of the plant material with the ratio of selectivity between barley and wild oat decreasing from 55 at the two-leaf stage to three at the four-leaf-plus-one-tiller stage. Greater spray retention and more rapid penetration of dichlofop methyl partially explained the susceptibility of green foxtail, but did not explain selectivity between wheat, wild oat, and barley. Root uptake of14C-dichlofop methyl by the four species was proportional to the amount of solution absorbed during the treatment period and to the concentration of dichlofop methyl in the treatment solution but was not related to species sensitivity to this herbicide.

Comparative Effects of Three EPTC Antidotes

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Chang ◽  
G. R. Stephenson ◽  
J. D. Bandeen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Growth Room

In growth room studies,N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide (hereafter referred to as R-25788) was the most effective of three antidotes for the reduction of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) injury to corn (Zea maysL. ‘United Hybrid 106’). R-25788 reduced EPTC injury to corn as a seed treatment, as an incorporated soil spray, or in nutrient solution in quartz sand nutrient culture. CDAA (N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide) was also an EPTC antidote for corn when applied to the soil or in nutrient solution but was itself toxic to corn when applied as a seed treatment. The antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (hereafter referred to as naphthalic anhydride) was less effective than R-25788 as a seed treatment and was ineffective when applied to the soil. Naphthalic anhydride was the only one of the three antidotes which also reduced EPTC toxicity to green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.].

DISTRIBUTION OF SETARIA VIRIDIS IN WESTERN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. ALEX ◽  
J. D. BANTING ◽  
J. P. GEBHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Cropping Practices

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail) was present in 84, 32, and 28% of the 406 fields surveyed in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, respectively. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, S. viridis occurred more frequently on moderately coarse- to coarse-textured soils than on finer soils. Densities and the extent of infestation in each field was greater on coarse-textured soils than on fine-textured soils in these two provinces. However, in Manitoba, the presence of this species was not related to soil texture, since the frequency of occurrence in fields, the extent to which each field was infested, and the maximum densities recorded in each infestation were uniformly high for all soil textural groups. In Manitoba, 43% of the infestations included densities of 1000 or more plants per m2 and the highest density recorded was 10,000/m2. This weed is more widespread than was reported in previous surveys and infests nearly 28% of the cultivated acreage in Western Canada. In laboratory tests, emergence was similar in clay, loam, or sandy loam soils kept at field capacity or at higher moisture levels within a temperature range of 10–24 C. Emergence was reduced by planting at depths below 5 or 7.6 cm, depending upon soil moisture. Germination increased with temperature, and it is suggested that coarse-textured soils are invaded most readily because they warm up faster than fine-textured soils. Cropping practices may also affect distribution since the buildup of S. viridis is believed to be checked by summer-fallowing. The frequency of summer-fallowing in Manitoba is lower than in Saskatchewan. This may account for the high populations of S. viridis in Manitoba.

Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) in Corn (Zea mays) by Tridiphane and Atrazine Combinations

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Ujjanagouda B. Nandihalli
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The One ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A single application of 0.56 or 0.84 kg ai/ha tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) oxirane] plus 2.3 kg ai/ha of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-niethylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] at the one-to three-leaf stage controlled large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. #PANDI) 96% or more. A sequential application of 1.1 kg/ha of atrazine, in addition to the above single application, was required for control of the two grass species at the four-to six-leaf stage. Application of tridiphane plus atrazine to large crabgrass and fall panicum beyond the six-leaf stage was ineffective. Tridiphane at 0.75 kg/ha, applied alone, reduced the shoot dry weight of large crabgrass by 71%. The response of tridiphane and atrazine combinations at the four- to five-leaf stage of large crabgrass was additive.

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