Creeping Bentgrass, Perennial Ryegrass, and Tall Fescue Tolerance to Topramezone During Establishment

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Johnston ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
End Users ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Injury Potential

Topramezone controls weeds in tolerant, cool-season turfgrasses, but injury potential during establishment has received limited investigation. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the tolerance of ‘Penn A-4’ creeping bentgrass, ‘Manhattan V' perennial ryegrass, and ‘Titan' tall fescue to topramezone at 18.5, 37, or 74 g ae ha−1during establishment. Grasses were seeded in strips in October, and treatments were applied at 0, 2, 4, or 6 wk after seeding (WAS). Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue had minimal (≤ 8%) injury from all treatments, and ground cover was greater or equal to the nontreated at all application timings. Topramezone applied 4 WAS at 37 and 74 g ha−1injured creeping bentgrass 16 and 23% at 2 wk after treatment, respectively. However, all other topramezone rates and timings caused < 10% injury. Mesotrione at 175 g ai ha−1injured creeping bentgrass 14 to 43% at all timings and was more injurious than topramezone. Mesotrione applied at 2, 4, or 6 WAS controlled lesser swinecress ≥ 99% at 20 WAS, whereas applications on the day of seeding provided 71% control. All topramezone treatments provided poor control (< 70%) of lesser swinecress at 20 WAS. Overall, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue are tolerant to topramezone during establishment at the rates tested. Seedling creeping bentgrass has better tolerance to topramezone from 18.5 to 74 g ha−1, than to mesotrione at 175 g ha−1and may provide end-users an HPPD inhibitor for use during establishment.

scholarly journals Cool-season Turfgrass Response to Bispyribac-Sodium

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fine Fescue

Previous research has demonstrated that bispyribac-sodium can selectively control established annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Annual bluegrass is also a problematic weed in other cool-season turfgrass species. However, the relative tolerance of other cool-season turfgrass species to bispyribac is not known. Field experiments were conducted at Adelphia, N.J., in 2002 and 2003 to gain understanding of the phytotoxic effects that bispyribac may have on kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (L.) Schreb.), and chewings fine fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.). Single applications of bispyribac at 37 to 296 g·ha–1 were applied to mature stands of each species on 11 June, 2002 and 10 June, 2003. Visual injury was evaluated and clippings were collected 35 and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Visual injury at 35 DAT increased as bispyribac rate increased. Kentucky bluegrass was least tolerant to bispyribac with up to 28% injury when applied at 296 g·ha–1. Injury on other species did not exceed 20%. Initial injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue was primarily in the form of chlorosis, while kentucky bluegrass exhibited more severe stunting and thinning symptoms. Bispyribac at rates from 74 to 296 g·ha–1 reduced kentucky bluegrass clipping weights by 19% to 35%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control at 35 DAT in 2002. Initial visual injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue dissipated to ≤5% by 70 DAT. However, recovery of kentucky bluegrass was less complete. These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium has potential to severely injure kentucky bluegrass. Injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue appears to be less severe and persistent; therefore, bispyribac can be used for weed control in these species. Chemical names used: 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid (bispyribac-sodium).

Effect of Dithiopyr Timing on Establishment of Three Cool-Season Turfgrass Species

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Sarah H. Bundschuh
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cool Season

An experiment was conducted to determine the interval needed between dithiopyr formulation (EC and G) treatments and seeding of tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and creeping bentgrass. The cover of tall fescue 10 wk after seeding was not reduced when the EC formulation was applied at ≤ 0.84 kg ha−1 ≥ 2 wk before seeding. Dithiopyr G at 0.56 kg ha−1 did not reduce tall fescue cover when applied at ≥ 8 wk before seeding; whereas, 0.84 kg ha−1 required a 12-wk interval between treatment and seeding in one of two years. Perennial ryegrass cover 10 wk after seeding was not reduced with dithiopyr at 0.56 kg ha−1 applied from 2 to 12 wk before seeding. When the dithiopyr G was applied at 0.56 kg ha−1, an 8-wk interval before seeding was needed to prevent a reduction in turf cover. When rates of EC and G dithiopyr were increased to 0.84 kg ha−1 an 8-wk interval was needed for the EC and a 12-wk interval was needed for the G formulation to prevent a reduction in cover in one of two years. Creeping bentgrass cover was not reduced when dithiopyr EC was applied at 0.56 kg ha−1 ≥ 8 wk before seeding. When the EC rate was increased to 0.84 kg ha−1 a 12-wk interval was needed between treatment and seeding in one of two years. When dithiopyr G was applied within 12 wk of seeding creeping bentgrass, the cover was reduced to an unacceptable level regardless of application rate.

Cool-Season Turfgrass Reseeding Intervals for Bispyribac-Sodium

10.1614/183.1 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season

Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in New Jersey to determine the length of time after a bispyribac-sodium application at which creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass can be safely reseeded. Bispyribac at 148 or 296 g ai/ha was applied 6, 4, 2, or 1 week before seeding (WBS). Bispyribac at 148 g/ha applied 1 WBS reduced ground cover of creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass at 3 weeks after seeding (WAS) by 30 and 42% as compared to the nontreated check, respectively. Reductions in Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass ground cover from bispyribac at 296 g/ha applied 1 WBS were evident at 28 WAS, whereas perennial ryegrass recovered from initial reductions in ground cover by this time. Applications made 6 to 2 weeks before seeding did not adversely affect ground cover of any species at any evaluation date as compared to the nontreated check. These studies suggest creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass can be safely reseeded 2 weeks after a bispyribac application. However, ground cover may be reduced by bispyribac applied 1 WBS.

scholarly journals Cool-season Turfgrass Color and Growth Habit Response to Elevated Levels of Ultraviolet-B Radiation

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Nangle ◽  
David S. Gardner ◽  
James D. Metzger ◽  
Dominic P. Petrella ◽  
Tom K. Danneberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses a potential stress for plant growth and development due to its effect on photosynthesis and plant productivity. In the northern hemisphere, peak UV radiation exposure is predicted to occur from 2010 to 2020, with reduced color from UV-related injury, a possibility for turfgrasses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light on turfgrass growth and morphology in three cool-season grasses. Cultivars Barvado tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.], Penncross and L-93 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), and Barlenium perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), were selected because of limited information on their growth and development in elevated UV conditions at heights of cut above 10 cm. The impact of UV-B light treatment on color, relative growth rate, and tillering was measured over a 4-week period in repeated experiments. Ultraviolet-B radiation levels were measured at 16 kJ·m−2·d−1 biologically effective UV-B light in growth chambers programmed for a day/night regime of 14/10 hours. Chamber temperatures were maintained at 20 °C day/17 °C night. Ultraviolet-B light significantly inhibited tiller production in the first experiment in all grasses except PR, whereas no grasses were inhibited in the second experiment. Relative growth rates in all grasses were significantly lower in UV-B conditions 3 weeks after treatment initiation. Turfgrasses exposed to this level of UV-B light at typical lawn heights-of-cut had lower color ratings compared with the non-UV-B-treated control at 2 weeks after treatment initiation. The experiments demonstrated that exposure to UV-B resulted in a decline of growth rate and color in cool-season turfgrasses within a timeframe of 2 weeks. Coarse-textured turfgrasses [tall fescue (TF)/perennial ryegrass (PR)] may be more adapted to higher UV-B conditions due to morphological differences compared with the finer textured varieties [creeping bentgrass (CB)].

Efficacy of the Bioherbicide Thaxtomin A on Smooth Crabgrass and Annual Bluegrass and Safety in Cool-Season Turfgrasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Wolfe ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Christopher D. Harlow ◽  
Travis W. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Industry Standard

Recent trends favoring organic and sustainable turfgrass management practices have led to an increased desire for biologically based alternatives to traditional synthetic herbicides. Thaxtomin A, produced by the bacteriumStreptomyces scabies, has been reported to have PRE efficacy on broadleaf weeds, but efficacy of thaxtomin A on annual grassy weeds and safety to newly seeded cool-season turfgrasses have not been reported. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate PRE efficacy of thaxtomin A on smooth crabgrass and annual bluegrass. Monthly applications of thaxtomin A from April to July controlled smooth crabgrass through July but did not provide season-long control equivalent to an industry standard PRE herbicide. An initial application of thaxtomin A at 380 g ai ha−1followed by two applications at 190 or 380 g ha−1at 4-wk intervals provided season-long annual bluegrass control similar to an industry standard PRE herbicide. At 380 g ha−1, thaxtomin A reduced tall fescue and perennial ryegrass cover when applied 1 wk before seeding, at seeding, or 1 wk after seeding but was safe at other application timings. Up to three applications of thaxtomin A at 380 g ha−1at 4-wk intervals did not reduce perennial ryegrass cover. Applications to creeping bentgrass resulted in unacceptable turfgrass injury. These results suggest that thaxtomin A can suppress annual grassy weeds in tall fescue or perennial ryegrass turf when applied at least 2 wk before or after seeding. Furthermore, repeated applications of thaxtomin A can provide effective PRE control of annual bluegrass during overseeded perennial ryegrass establishment.

Cool-Season Turfgrass Reseeding Intervals for Methiozolin

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Diego Gómez De Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment

Methiozolin selectively controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses, and practitioners may wish to reseed desirable species in treated areas. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate reseeding intervals for creeping bentgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue following methiozolin applications. Turfgrass establishment varied for species, application timing (0, 2, 4, or 6 wk before seeding, WBS), and rates tested (0.56, 1.12, or 2.24 kg ai ha−1). Reductions in turf cover suggest that seeding of creeping bentgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue should be delayed 2 wk after methiozolin treatments at 0.56 kg ha−1. However, reseeding should be delayed after methiozolin treatments at 1.12 kg ha−1for approximately 4, 4, and 2 wk for creeping bentgrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue, respectively. Similarly, establishment was reduced on all dates from the nontreated after 2.24 kg ha−1was applied at 4 WBS, suggesting that reseeding should be delayed for at least 6 wk on all three species at the high rate.

scholarly journals Seedling Tolerance of Cool-season Turfgrasses to Metamifop

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gómez de Barreda ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment

Grassy weeds may reduce cool-season turfgrass establishment after seeding and herbicide use is often warranted. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to fenoxaprop and metamifop applications at 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after seeding (WAS). Creeping bentgrass groundcover was reduced from 34% to 71% at 8 WAS from the nontreated by fenoxaprop at 50 g a.i./ha and metamifop at 400 and 800 g a.i./ha at all application timings. Metamifop at 200 g·ha−1 reduced creeping bentgrass cover 10% to 18% from the nontreated at 8 WAS when applied 1, 2, or 3 WAS, but treatments at 4 WAS did not reduce cover. Perennial ryegrass treated with fenoxaprop and metamifop at 800 g·ha−1 at 1 WAS had cover reduced from the nontreated on two and one dates, respectively, whereas tall fescue cover was never reduced greater than 5% from the nontreated. Results suggest applications to creeping bentgrass should be delayed greater than 4 WAS for fenoxaprop at 50 g·ha−1, greater than 4 WAS for metamifop at 400 and 800 g·ha−1, and 3 WAS for metamifop at 200 g·ha−1. Additionally, fenoxaprop applications should be delayed 2 WAS for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, whereas metamifop could be safely applied at all rates at 1 WAS.

scholarly journals Impact of Overseeded Grass Species, Seeding Rate and Seeding Time on Establishment and Persistence in Bermudagrass

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Thomas Serensits ◽  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Cool-season grass species are often overseeded into bermudagrass turf for both aesthetics and functionality during the winter months. When the overseeded grass persists beyond the spring, however, it becomes a weed. Experiments were conducted to evaluate overseeded grass species and seeding rate on turf cover during the fall, spring, and summer. The ability of perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, and hybrid bluegrass to then persist in bermudagrass one year after seeding was determined. Both perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass produced acceptable ground cover in the spring after fall seeding. Hybrid bluegrass did not establish well, resulting in unacceptable cover. Perennial ryegrass generally had the most persistence one year after seeding, either because of the survival of plants through the summer or because of new germination the following fall. The highest cover seen one year after seeding was 24% with perennial ryegrass in the 2005 trial. Maximum cover seen with Italian ryegrass and hybrid bluegrass 12 months after seeding was 19 and 8%, respectively. Seeding perennial or Italian ryegrass in February achieved acceptable cover in spring in the first trial but not the second. Persistence the following fall, however, was greater in the second trial, suggesting new germination. Percent cover 12 months after seeding tended to increase as the seeding rate increased, also suggesting new germination the following fall. Although quality is lower with Italian ryegrass compared to perennial ryegrass, it transitions out easier than perennial ryegrass, resulting in fewer surviving plants one year after fall seeding.

Enhanced Activity of Single-Isomer Fenoxaprop on Cool-Season Grasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Mueller-Warrant
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Single Isomer ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Increased Activity

Formulations of fenoxaprop enriched in the R(+) isomer, HOE 46360-08H EW (described as an emulsifiable water-based formulation) and HOE 46360-05H EC (emulsifiable concentrate), were compared with the commercial racemate EC for control of roughstalk bluegrass and tolerance of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue grown for seed. The enriched EW and EC formulations were more than twice as active as the racemate per kg total fenoxaprop, despite enrichment to only 92 and 89% R(+) isomer purity, which should have increased activity by 1.84- and 1.78-fold, respectively. Increased activity was evident both as improved weed control and as decreased crop tolerance. Although the 3.69-fold increase in activity of HOE 46360 EW on roughstalk bluegrass relative to the racemate may be partly due to changes in the emulsion, the 3.06-fold increase in activity of HOE 46360 EC suggests that the S(-) isomer somehow interferes wih the activity of the R(+) isomer. Use of 280 g ai ha–1of the racemate could be replaced with 76 g ha–1of the EW or 92 g ha–1of the EC formulation of HOE 46360 for equivalent roughstalk bluegrass control, but with decreased crop tolerance in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

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