Dynamic Primary Atomization Characteristics in an Airblast Atomizer, High Pressure Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vital Gutierrez Fernandez ◽  
G. Lavergne ◽  
P. Berthoumieu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

Geometric Primary Atomization Characteristics in an Airblast Atomizer, High Pressure Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Vital Gutierrez Fernandez ◽  
G. Lavergne ◽  
P. Berthoumieu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

Continuum Source Atomic Fluorescence of Arsenic

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Heithmar ◽  
F. W. Plankey
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Continuum Source ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

Although continuum sources in atomic fluorescence spectrometry have been thought to be of little use for studies below 200 nm, a high pressure xenon arc continuum source has proved to be effective for exciting arsenic at 189.0, 193.7, and 197.2 nm. To enable good atomization characteristics and a constant signal for wavelength scans, a commercially prepared mixture of arsine in H2 was used as the sample. A wavelength scan is presented, comparisons of sensitivities at various wavelengths are shown, and some indication of the quenching characteristics of Ar and N2 are included in this work. Analytical studies show that the 189.0 nm line has the greatest sensitivity and when this line is used in conjunction with the 235.0 nm line, a dynamic range of approximately 700 is expected. The detection limit in terms of mass flow of As, is found to be about 0.5 ng/s at the 189.0 nm line.

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

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