Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Treatment Strategies and Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Prevention and Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankalp A. Gharat ◽  
Munira Momin ◽  
Chintan Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

scholarly journals Expression of Extracellular Matrix—Laminin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Sonam C Kapse ◽  
Ajit V Koshy ◽  
Nirmala N Rao ◽  
Sushant S Kamat ◽  
Kamal Kiswani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Chi Square

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the expression of laminin in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to determine whether this protein can be used as a marker for early detection and elucidation of oral cancer. Materials and methods Immunohistochemical staining for laminin was done on 60 selected archival blocks of histopathologically diagnosed cases of primary OSCC and the laminin expression was compared between the different histopathological grades of primary OSCC. The statistical analysis was performed by using Chi-square (÷ square) test and Gaussiantest with a probability of p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results It was observed that laminin expression decreased with tumor progression which may be correlated to the tumor aggressiveness. Conclusion There was a gradual decrease of laminin staining with decreasing cellular differentiation, with differentiated lesions showing a more conspicuous staining of basement membrane glycoprotein than less differentiated lesions. Clinical significance An understanding of how the extracellular matrix influences tumor development and invasion is fundamental in the development of new prognostic indicators and treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma. How to cite this article Koshy AV, Rao NN, Kamat SS, Kiswani K, Kapse SC, Shaikh NA. Expression of Extracellular Matrix— Laminin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2):194-200.

scholarly journals Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeng Chen ◽  
Cun-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Small Population

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC, CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.

Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Mestrinho ◽  
Hugo Pissarra ◽  
Sandra Carvalho ◽  
Maria C. Peleteiro ◽  
Jerzy Gawor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers

Grade and labeling indices for immunohistochemical tumor proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated in 36 cases of canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based upon intraoral location. Grade was significantly associated with location ( P = .035). Grade II tumors were most frequently diagnosed. Grade I tumors were identified in the gingiva and the buccal mucosa, and grade III tumors were seen in the gingiva and the tonsillar region. Animals with tumors arising from the tonsils and of the tongue tended to be older ( P = .007), and those in the former group were more likely to have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis ( P = .001). Mean expression of PCNA and Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) for all tumors were 62.54% and 50.70%, respectively, and there was a statistical significant association between the 2 variables ( R = .70; P < .001). Proliferation index was not associated with any of the intraoral locations evaluated, but higher PCNA PI was significantly associated with grade ( P = .031). Ki-67 PI was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, especially for OSCC of gingival location ( P = .028). The results obtained in this study are preliminary but clinically relevant, since they provide information that can explain differences in biologic behavior among intraoral locations and contribute to more accurate tumor staging to support the choice for different treatment strategies available for OSCC.

scholarly journals Flow cytometric DNA analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Iraqi patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 393-403
Author(s):  
B. T. Garib ◽  
S. Al Ani ◽  
N. Al Alwan ◽  
I. S. Tillawi
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

We studied the DNA content, DNA index and cell cycle parameters that are reliable markers for assessing the proliferative activity and aggressiveness of malignancies. Cytometric DNA analysis was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections from 36 Iraqi patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The results showed that 20 of 36 cases [55.5%] were diploid, while 15 cases [41.7%] were aneuploid. Significantly higher S-phase fractions and higher DNA indices characterized aneuploid tumours. Nuclear DNA analysis as part of the evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma will influence the selection of appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Therapy-related Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) after Treatment for Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Patrícia Colombo Corrêa ◽  
Íris Mattos Santos-Pirath ◽  
Chandra Chiappin Cardoso ◽  
Camila Mattiolo ◽  
Bruno Vieira Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Mantle Cell

Aims: We report a rare case of therapy-related AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) that occurred after treatment for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Presentation of Case: A 52 years-old male patient was diagnosed with MCL in leukemic phase. The treatment consisted in R-CHOP rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, then patient experienced remission. Three months later, he presented a lump that was diagnosed as OSCC, which was surgically removed and treated with cisplatin and radiotherapy. Then, the patient’s hemogram presented 35.0% of blasts and, after morphologic, phenotypic and molecular analysis, it was classified as AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1). However, due to the previous historic of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the final diagnosis was t-AML. Discussion: The correct diagnosis of therapy related malignancies is important due to its severity as they are very aggressive and, usually, considered incurable. t-AMLs with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) is considered as favorable karyotype, still, it has a poorer outcome compared with its de novo counterpart. Conclusion: t-AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) is rare and few cases are described in the literature. More reports are necessary to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in this disease to define better treatment strategies to prevent these events and to improve the poor outcomes.

scholarly journals Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as prospective histopathological and molecular biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2801
Author(s):  
Bhagyalakshmi Atla ◽  
Sreevalli Prabhakula ◽  
Seeram Satish Kumar ◽  
Lakshmi Saraswathi Boni
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

Background: Despite the advance of therapeutic approaches, the morbidity and mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma have not improved significantly. The invasion potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma is conferred by their ability to utilize Matrix metalloproteinase that are produced by the host’s stromal cells. In the present study an effort was made to analyse the role of clinical features and risk factors in the causation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was studied in various grades of squamous cell carcinoma with its role in metastasis.Methods: The present study is an hospital based prospective study for a period of two years at the department of pathology from August 2014 to July 2016 consisting of 88 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue for H and E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results: Total number of cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma analyzed were 88, out of which 65 cases were subjected to MMP 9 expression by random selection on Immunohistochemistry. Majority of cases occurred in the age group of 41-50 years with male: female ratio of 1.4:1. In stage I and II the expression of MMP-9 is low in 37 cases (82.22%) and in stage III the expression is high in 14 cases (70%) with P value <0.05 (significant).Conclusions: Matrix metalloproteinases could act as a therapeutic target and could play an important role in effective treatment strategies of oral cancer.

scholarly journals The Evolving Concepts of Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Shah ◽  
Shilpa Patel ◽  
Jigna Pathak ◽  
Niharika Swain ◽  
Shwetha Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

There is increasing evidence that the growth and spread of cancers is driven by a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs)—the only cells that are capable of long-term self-renewal and generation of the phenotypically diverse tumor cell population. CSCs have been identified and isolated in a variety of human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The concept of cancer stem cells may have profound implications for our understanding of tumor biology and for the design of novel treatments targeted toward these cells. The present review is an attempt to conceptualize the role of CSCs in HNSCC—its implication in tumorigenesis and the possible additional approach in current treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Identification of Hypoxia-Related Molecular Classification and Associated Gene Signature in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Xiaolin Ren ◽  
Jia-lin Chen ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Related Risk

The high heterogeneity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the main obstacle for individualized treatment. Recognizing the characteristics of different subtypes and investigating the promising strategies for each subclass are of great significance in precise treatment. In this study, we systematically evaluated hypoxia-mediated patterns together with immune characteristics of 309 OSCC patients in the TCGA training set and 97 patients in the GSE41613 testing set. We further identified two different hypoxia subtypes with distinct immune microenvironment traits and provided treatment programs for the two subclasses. In order to assess hypoxia level individually, we finally constructed a hypoxia-related risk score, which could predict the clinical outcome and immunotherapy response of OSCC patients. In summary, the recognition of different hypoxia patterns and the establishment of hypoxia-related risk score might enhance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment of OSCC and provide more personalized treatment strategies in the future.

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