Wilde and Wilder

PMLA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1216-1230
Author(s):  
Daniel Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Film Scripts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Narrative Conventions ◽  
Sunset Boulevard ◽  
Film Aesthetics

The use of Oscar Wilde's Salome as the ground for the silent-screen star Norma Desmond's film script and character is central to Billy Wilder's Sunset Boulevard but oddly neglected by the film's critics. This essay reads the film through its engagement with Salome, discussing its adoption from the play of a self-consciousness about the conditions of its art, which extend beyond the film's production to cultural history and film aesthetics. Norma asserts the image and ideology of the Hollywood star through her identification with the aestheticist figure of Salome, while Joe Gillis not only writes film scripts but, with his peers Betty Schaefer and Artie Green, also foregrounds narrative conventions in his efforts to organize and control his own life and experience in the film. Through its main characters, Sunset Boulevard presents an allegory of Hollywood cinema in which the complementary filmic principles of image and narrative culminate respectively in madness and death.

The Public Dance Halls Act, 1935: a re-examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (162) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Porter
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
And Control ◽  
Common Understanding

AbstractHistorical scholarship has interpreted the Public Dance Halls Act, 1935 in a relatively uniform manner. Most works on the subject have emphasised the expanding influence of Catholic church authorities over dancing following the enactment of the legislation, as well as the increasing restrictions placed on the freedom of dancers. The act has been viewed as one element in a sequence of pieces of legislation passed by successive Free State governments that aimed to limit and control citizens, including the Censorship of Films Act, 1923, and the Censorship of Publications Act, 1929. Using previously unexamined Department of Justice records, this article questions the dominant interpretation of the Public Dance Halls Act. It analyses whether dances moved predominantly into parochial halls, as has been the common understanding, and also considers whether the supposedly harsh restrictions imposed on dancers were actually enforced or observed. The article also proposes that two largely unexamined facets of the legislation and its subsequent implementation be given more consideration. Safety concerns played a sizeable part in shaping dancing regulations, as did the interests and worries of local communities. The article concludes by suggesting that lacunae in the historiography of dance halls in the 1930s are emblematic of wider gaps in Irish social and cultural history and recommends avenues for future research.

Guidelines for Locating Pipeline, Railway and Highway Oil Spill Containment Sites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 300242
Author(s):  
Erich R. Gundlach ◽  
Beatriz Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Stream Width ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Sufficient Space

The potential for major spills from pipeline and rail transport, as well as along oil-transit highway routes, has highlighted the need for establishing land-based sites to contain and control spilled oil. However, the guidelines for designating containment (C-) sites has to date been unclear. From work in several countries, the following rules are suggested: (1) every location along the pipeline/railway/highway route should have a designated C-site. (2) Locations where water courses could be reached by spilled oil should be prioritized for C-site location. (3) C-sites in flat areas with no spill movement expected can use a ‘typical’ location within that area. (4) The spacing along the route to evaluate potential spill flow should be 50 m (150 ft) or preferably less. (5) C-sites must be placed in locations which enable sufficient time for response equipment to reach it before the oil does; topography and stream flow must be considered realistically. (6) At least two C-sites must be placed on all water courses (creeks/streams/rivers) that can be affected; the second site being necessary if the first fails or is insufficient. (7) Maps (e.g. topographic or GoogleEarth) should indicate a realistic flow pattern from the route by which oil can reach the related C-site. (8) For water courses, C-sites should be selected for accessibility to both banks, ability to safely deploy and retrieve equipment, sufficient space for equipment laydown and oil storage, and ability to capture oil (low flow velocities and stream width). While there are many formats for displaying C-sites, combining route sensitivity maps containing the physical, biological, and socio-economic characteristics of the area with the C-sites, provides a comprehensive single-map format for displaying C-site location, road access to the C-site, and emphasizes the importance of why oil should be contained at that location. In cases where a long cultural history is present in the area, the combination map also provides warnings regarding archaeological and cultural heritage sites that may be affected by cleanup operations along the route or near a containment site.

scholarly journals "Trata-se de uma rapariga de cor...": honestidade, moral e serviço doméstico feminino. Belo Horizonte, 1897-1920

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Marileide Lázara Cassoli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Work Education ◽  
And Control

Os diálogos entre a História da Educação e a História Cultural possibilitam desvelar aspectos diversos das práticas educacionais fora da escola e da escolarização, revitalizando, dessa forma, as abordagens em História da Educação. A partir dessa perspectiva, buscamos compreender as interfaces existentes entre as dinâmicas sociais, culturais, políticas e “educacionais”, que marcaram as vivências das mulheres afrodescendentes, que se dedicaram aos serviços domésticos, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, entre os anos de 1897 a 1920, no âmbito do processo de formação do mercado de trabalho livre no Brasil. As histórias das mulheres afrodescendentes permitem “esboçar” múltiplos retratos das liberdades por elas construídas naquele contexto. Contudo, para aquelas que se dedicaram ao serviço doméstico no pós-abolição, a conduta moral e o controle sobre o corpo feminino possibilitaram traçar um “fio condutor” em comum para as suas distintas histórias de vida e de trabalhadoras.“A girl of color…”: honesty, morality, and female domestic service. Belo Horizonte, 1897-1920. The dialogues that exist between the History of Education and Cultural History reveal various aspects of educational practices outside of school and schooling, thus revitalizing our approaches to the History of Education. Based on this perspective, we sought to understand the existing interfaces between the social, cultural, political, and "educational" dynamics that marked the experiences of Afro-descendant women who dedicated themselves to domestic services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, from 1897 to 1920, as part of the process of forming the free labor market in Brazil. The histories of Afro-descendant women allow us to "sketch" multiple portraits of the freedoms that they created within this context. However, for those who dedicated themselves to domestic services in the post-slavery era, moral conduct and control of the female body enabled us to trace a common thread running through the different histories of their lives and work. Keywords: Work; Education; Gender.

scholarly journals The Category of System in David Bordwell’s Concept of Film Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Mirosław Przylipiak
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Classical Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Classical Hollywood ◽  
Film Form ◽  
Film Aesthetics

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role played by the category of system in the early books of David Bordwell. They have exerted an enormous influence on the understanding of film aesthetics, but little space has been devoted to their methodological background, including the category of system. In Film Art: An Introduction (1979), all elements of film form have a systemic character, which is visible in the chapter titles, such as “Form as System” or “Narration as a Formal System”. In The Classical Hollywood Cinema, the film aesthetics is based on systems of narrative logic, time and space. In Narration in the Fiction Film, the systems of syuzhet and style are foregrounded. Bordwell’s fascination with systems is rooted undoubtedly in their popularity in the 1970s. But do Bordwellian notions really fulfil the criteria of system theory, especially in its newer version, with such notions as chaos, feedback loop, self-regulation and others? Perhaps even Bordwell himself is not certain of that, since the word “system” disappears from recent editions of Film Art: An Introduction.

Cultural History of Early Modern Streets—An Introduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Laitinen ◽  
Thomas Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe articles in this collection deal with the early modern street—a public space that was never completely separate from other public spaces, or indeed from private spaces. This introduction presents central themes for the following six articles that explore the history of the street in various European towns. Public and private, order and disorder, and control and hierarchy are discussed, and the inextricable link between the material and the immaterial in the history of the street is emphasized.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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