High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Large- and Small-Scale Poultry Farms in Bangladesh

The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, in children who suffered from diarrhoea (n = 3943) or did not have diarrhoea (n = 1026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (<1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P = 0.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April–September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October–March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.

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Molecular Detection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) for the First Time in Layer Farms in Bangladesh and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8071021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Samina Ievy ◽

Md. Saiful Islam ◽

Md. Abdus Sobur ◽

Mithun Talukder ◽

Md. Bahanur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

First Time

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant economic losses in poultry industries. Here, we determined for the first time in Bangladesh, the prevalence of APEC-associated virulence genes in E. coli isolated from layer farms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 99 samples comprising internal organs, feces, and air were collected from 32 layer farms. Isolation was performed by culturing samples on eosin–methylene blue agar plates, while the molecular detection of APEC was performed by PCR, and antibiograms were performed by disk diffusion. Among the samples, 36 were positive for the APEC-associated virulence genes fimC, iucD, and papC. Out of 36 isolates, 7, 18, and 11 were positive, respectively, for three virulence genes (papC, fimC, and iucD), two virulence genes, and a single virulence gene. Although the detection of virulence genes was significantly higher in the internal organs, the air and feces were also positive. The antibiograms revealed that all the isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline; 97.2%, to chloramphenicol and erythromycin; 55.5%, to enrofloxacin; 50.0%, to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin; 19.4%, to streptomycin; 11.1%, to colistin; and 8.33%, to gentamicin. Interestingly, all the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis revealed the strongest significant correlation between norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance. This is the first study in Bangladesh describing the molecular detection of APEC in layer farms. Isolated APEC can now be used for detailed genetic characterization and assessing the impact on public health.

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High Prevalence of CTX-M Type Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes and Detection of NDM-1 Carbapenemase Gene in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Cuba

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9010065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Dianelys Quiñones ◽

Meiji Soe Aung ◽

Yenisel Carmona ◽

María Karla González ◽

Niurka Pereda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

Health Concern ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Single Locus Variant ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Carbapenemase Gene ◽

High Prevalence

Increase of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) showing resistance to beta-lactams is a major public health concern. This study was conducted as a first molecular epidemiological study on ExPEC in Cuba, regarding prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase genes. A total of 306 ExPEC isolates collected in medical institutions in 16 regions in Cuba (2014–2018) were analyzed for their genotypes and presence of genes encoding ESBL, carbapenemase, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants by PCR and sequencing. The most common phylogenetic group of ExPEC was B2 (49%), followed by D (23%), A (21%), and B1 (7%). Among ESBL genes detected, blaCTX-M was the most common and detected in 61% of ExPEC, with blaCTX-M-15 being dominant and distributed to all the phylogenetic groups. NDM-1 type carbapenemase gene was identified in two isolates of phylogenetic group B1-ST448. Phylogenetic group B2 ExPEC belonged to mostly ST131 (or its single-locus variant) with O25b allele, harboring blaCTX-M-27, and included an isolate of emerging type ST1193. aac (6’)-Ib-cr was the most prevalent PMQR gene (40.5%), being present in 54.5% of CTX-M-positive isolates. These results indicated high prevalence of CTX-M genes and the emergence of NDM-1 gene among recent ExPEC in Cuba, depicting an alarming situation.

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Incidence and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli among poultry in Belgium

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.151.12.355 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 151 (12) ◽

pp. 355-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F. Vandemaele ◽

B. M. Goddeeris ◽

M. Vereecken ◽

J. Derijcke

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

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Determination of invasiveness and antibiotic resistance pattern of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broilers

Indian Journal of Poultry Science ◽

10.5958/0974-8180.2016.00026.x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Rakhi Gangil ◽

Pankaj Dutta ◽

Daljeet Chhabra ◽

Laxmi Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

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Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Detection of Virulence Genes iss, and ompT in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens in Chitwan, Nepal

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2330783 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Saroj Sankhi ◽

Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai ◽

Hom Bahadur Basnet ◽

Nirmal Raj Marasine ◽

Himal Luitel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

This study aimed to identify, evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and detect virulence genes iss, and ompT in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from broiler chickens in central Nepal. To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the obtained isolates, the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used with six different commercial antibiotic discs: Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol and Levofloxacin. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for the selected isolates (n=40) to screen the presence of the iss and ompT genes after the extraction of DNA using the boiling method Out of 60 suspected Colibacillosis liver samples, 40 were confirmed as E. coli positive The antibiogram profile revealed maximum resistance to Doxycycline (87.5%), followed by Levofloxacin (72.5%), Ciprofloxacin (67.5%), Chloramphenicol (40.0%), Gentamycin (32.5%) and Amikacin (10.0%).. The presence of the iss and ompT genes was found to be 100.0% and 90.0%, respectively. APEC was found to be highly resistant to most of the antibiotics. Virulence-associated genes iss and ompT were obtained at high percentages from Colibacillosis suspected broiler chickens in Chitwan, Nepal. These finding suggests that the judicial use of antimicrobials is compulsory to check antibiotic resistance and Colibacillosis outbreaks in poultry farms.

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Determining the Rate of Development of Antibiotic Resistance to Streptomycin and Doxycycline in Escherichia coli

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal ◽

10.15173/sciential.v1i3.2265 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2-7

Author(s):

Dominique Tertigas ◽

Gemma Barber

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Small Scale ◽

Rate Of Development ◽

E Coli ◽

Successive Generations

Antibiotic resistance is a pressing issue in the medical field today. It is important to understand the development of bacterial resistance to implement effective preventative measures against antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the rate at which Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common pathogen, developed resistance to streptomycin and doxycycline, as Oz et al. (2014) showed differing levels of resistance in E. coli to these two antibiotics. The development of antibiotic resistance was measured by adding E. coli to 96-well plates in the presence of increasing doses of doxycycline, streptomycin, or a combination treatment. Successive generations were added to the same treatments to see whether they would grow at higher concentrations of antibiotic. The change in minimum inhibitory concentration for streptomycin and doxycycline was determined as the bacteria became increasingly resistant to each antibiotic. The fastest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for streptomycin, with doxycycline resistance exhibiting a slower rate of development. The rate of resistance development for the combination treatment was the slowest, potentially due to small differences in target domains. Some cross-resistance was also observed. This study provides a small-scale methodological basis and preliminary insight on antibiotic resistance trends for two antibiotic classes and a combination treatment.

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Virulence-Associated Gene Profiles of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated From Broilers With Colibacillosis: A Pilot Study in Iran

International Journal of Enteric Pathogens ◽

10.15171/ijep.2019.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Payam Haghighi Khoshkhoo ◽

Hadi Pourtaghi ◽

Gita Akbariazad ◽

Saeed Mokhayeri

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Gene Profiles ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes economic losses in the chicken industry worldwide. Objective: In this study, virulence-associated gene profiles of APEC isolates were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from 60 colibacillosis cases from 30 broiler poultry farms in Alborz, Tehran, and Golestan provinces, Iran. After identification by biochemical tests, DNA was extracted by boiling method and 5 virulence-associated genes including: iutA, hlyF, iroN, ompT, and iss were detected by 2 multiplex PCR protocols. Results: Of the 60 APEC isolates, 26 (43.3%) isolates had at least three virulence genes from which 12 (20%) isolates were positive for all 5 virulence genes, whereas 34 (56.6%) carried no investigated virulence genes. Presence of iutA, hlyF, iroN, ompT, and iss genes in the APEC isolates were 17 (28.3%), 17 (28.3%), 24 (40%), 26 (43.3%), and 23 (38.3%), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, four different virulence-associated gene profiles were seen in isolates, from which profile 1 with 12 (20%) isolates was predominant. These findings were in agreement with the previous reports.

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