Evidence of Positive Phototaxis in Paddlefish: Implications for Larval Sampling

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Schooley ◽  
Adam Geik ◽  
Willis Sontheimer ◽  
Dennis L. Scarnecchia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Phototaxis

scholarly journals Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) exhibit positive phototaxis to white LED light

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Bjørn A. Krafft ◽  
Ludvig A. Krag
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
White Led ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Exposure Experiment

AbstractThe use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is increasingly used in fishing gears and its application is known to trigger negative or positive phototaxis (i.e., swimming away or toward the light source, respectively) for some marine species. However, our understanding of how artificial light influences behavior is poorly understood for many species and most studies can be characterized as trial and error experiments. In this study, we tested whether exposure to white LED light could initiate a phototactic response in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Trawl-caught krill were used in a controlled artificial light exposure experiment conducted onboard a vessel in the Southern Ocean. The experiment was conducted in chambers with dark and light zones in which krill could move freely. Results showed that krill displayed a significant positive phototaxis. Understanding this behavioral response is relevant to development of krill fishing technology to improve scientific sampling gear, improve harvest efficiency, and reduce potential unwanted bycatch.

Reizphysiologische Untersuchungen an Blutsaugenden Arthropoden Im Zusammenhang Mit Ihrer Nahrungswahl

1937 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Krijgsman
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus

AbstractMit Larven von Rhipicephalus sanguineus und Boophilus annulatus wurden sinnesphysiologische Untersuchungen ausgeführt in ähnlicher Wahlanordnung wie sie früher bei Stomoxys und Lyperosia benutzt wurde. Die Zeckenlarven besitzen einen Hautlichtsinn. Ältere Larven zeigen eine positive Phototaxis; Larven in der ersten Lebens-woche verhalten sich negativ gegenüber diffuses Tageslicht. Die Ursache dieses Verhaltens steht wahrscheinlich in direktem Zusammenhang mit der progressiven Pigmentierung der Haut. Weiter zeigen die Larven eine positive Thigmotaxis, Empfindlichkeit für Erschütterungsreize, eine positive Thermotaxis und eine positive Hydrotaxis, wobei sie jedoch Berührung mit feuchten Gegenständen sorgfältig vermeiden. Auch besteht ein Fernperzeptionsvermögen für chemische Reize, indem die Tiere Hautgeruch von Pferd, Rind und Mensch wahrnehmen. Nur in den ersten Lebenstagen reagieren sie nicht auf Hautgeruch oder Wasser. Geotaktische Orientierung konnte bei hungrigen Larven nicht festgestellt werden. In der Natur wird die Nahrungsreaktion wahrscheinlich auf folgende Weise ausgelöst: Durch positive Phototaxis klettern die Tiere auf Grashalmen hinauf, durch Erschütterung der Pflanzen und des Bodens bei der Annäherung des Wirtstieres werden sie aktiviert, durch Perzeption von Geruch, Feuchtigkeit und Wärme haften sie sich an das Wirtstier. Feuchtigkeit, Wärme (und Geruch) der Haut rufen Stechbewegungen hervor, und schliesslich wird vielleicht der Blutgeschmack die Saugreaktion auslösen.

The Orientation of Passerine Nocturnal Migrants Following Offshore Drift

The Auk ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Able
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Wind Drift ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Nocturnal Migration ◽  
Block Island

Abstract Nocturnal autumn passerine migrants are frequently drifted by wind or carried by downwind flight from New England to offshore islands. Most individuals in these flights are immatures. Many recover the mainland via reoriented northward flights. During fall 1972, I made field observations and performed orientation cage tests on nocturnal migrants on Block Island, Rhode Island. Migrants reached the island during four southward movements in following winds. Migration was very light or absent on most other nights. Reoriented diurnal flights left from the island immediately after the arrival of a large nocturnal migration. Northward movements occurred on two nights following daytime reoriented flights. These nocturnal movements are tentatively interpreted as constituting reoriented flights. About 27% of the 79 individuals tested in orientation cages showed significantly directional nocturnal activity. About two-thirds of these oriented basically northwestward, corresponding to the reoriented flight of free-flying birds. These and similar reorientations of immature birds can be explained by a simple compass reorientation in response to wind drift over the ocean without invoking complicated navigation mechanisms. The remaining individuals oriented toward the southeast. Eleven birds exhibited a significant eastward orientation during the first few hours after dawn; this is interpreted as a positive phototaxis. Three of four Blackpoll Warblers oriented southward. No correlation existed between the quantity of Zugunruhe and the amount of subcutaneous fat, but fatter birds were significantly more likely to show oriented nocturnal activity.

Reduced geomagnetic field may affect positive phototaxis and flight capacity of a migratory rice planthopper

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Jun Wan ◽  
Rui Yuan ◽  
Wen-Jing Wang ◽  
Kai-Yun Fu ◽  
Jing-Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Flight Capacity

Effect of chlorpromazine on phototactic behavior in Chlamydomonas

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Hirschberg ◽  
William Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Negative Phototaxis ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Phototactic Behavior ◽  
Common Control

Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic drug, causes a light intensity dependent reversal of phototaxis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi. At moderate light intensity, drug-treated cells swim away from the light (negative phototaxis) while untreated cells swim toward it (positive phototaxis). At low light, both treated and untreated cells exhibit normal positive phototactic responses. It appears that light and chlorpromazine may affect a common control system for phototaxis.

Phototaxis of adult brine shrimp, Artemia salina

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bradley ◽  
Richard B. Forward Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Threshold Sensitivity ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Negative Phototaxis ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Low Intensity

Using phototaxis as a behavioral measure of light perception, spectral and intensity sensitivity were determined for adult brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Spectral sensitivity was characterized by a well-defined maximum at 520 nm light, with perhaps a smaller maximum at 400 nm light. Dark-adapted animals showed a strong negative phototaxis at high intensities between 5.0 × 1012 quanta∙m−2∙s−1 and 3.6 × 1016 quanta∙m−2∙s−1 at 520 nm light. Positive phototaxis was greatest at the low intensity of 2.8 × 1012 quanta∙m−2∙s−1. Threshold sensitivity for both positive and negative phototaxis was approximately 2 × 1012 quanta∙m−2∙s−1.

scholarly journals Invasive Pest and Disease Pathogen as Sneakers in Railways for Their Spread in Different Ecological Region: A New Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Suresh Borkar
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Ecological Region ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
First Time

A new pathway of travels by invasive pest and disease pathogen through railways, as sneakers, were noticed for the first time. The Indian railways passing through the soybean fields infested with Spodoptera litura, after evening attracted the moth of Spodoptera by the illuminating lights in the railways compartment and the moth enters into the compartment through open compartment windows. These moths remain in the railway compartment until the dawn and get out of the compartment as the early morning sun light enters into the compartments and are thus the sneakers crop pest in railways due to their unnoticed travels/transport. Such sneakers crop pest travels up to a distance of 600 km during the period of night from one ecological region to another ecological region having the same crop to infest or the alternative host crop of the pest to cause the fresh infestation. This phenomenon of pest travel was observed in the region of Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh, India, having soybean infestation. This is a quick travel by the pest into different areas, unseen and unreported earlier and may occur in any part of the world where the railways pass through the infested crop areas and attract the positive phototaxis pest and transport them, as sneakers, in to another ecological region. In another instance, the Sigatoka disease pathogen of banana was also noticed to travels from one ecological region to another ecological region through the railways, as sneakers without notice. This phenomenon of disease pathogen’s travels was noticed in Jalgaon region from where the banana produce is transported to different parts of India. In the trading and transport of banana through railways, the loaders use the banana leaves infected with the sigatoka pathogen as a packaging material for banana bunches while loading the banana produce in the railway wagons for their transportation. Thus, the sigatoka pathogen travels up to a distance of 1200 km/day along with the banana produce through the railways. The sigatoka infected leaves, with the unloading of banana produce also sneaks into the new ecological region and spread to infect the banana crop available in the region. Thus, the positive phototaxis insect pest are the sneakers in the railways for their travels while diseases pathogens with healthy crop produce travels and embarks to sneaks into a new ecological region and thus the railways transport system unintentionally transport the crop pest and disease pathogen from one ecological region to another. The knowledge of this new travel pathway will be useful in finalizing the strategies of plant quarantine and management of invasive pest and disease pathogens.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LAMPU BAWAH AIR (UNDERWATER LAMP) TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN BAGAN PERAHU (BOAT LIFT NET) DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA (PPN) KARANGANTU KOTA SERANG (Effect of Underwater Lamp Usage on Boat Lift Net Fishing Catch at Karangantu Fishing Port Serang City)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Aditya Nuraga ◽  
Bogi Budi Jayanto ◽  
Indradi Setiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lepturacanthus Savala

Bagan perahu merupakan salah satu jenis alat tangkap di PPN Karangantu yang beroperasi pada malam hari. Bagan perahu menarik ikan target tangkapan yaitu ikan pelagis kecil fototaksis positif menggunakan atraktor cahaya berupa lampu. Salah satu kendala nelayan bagan perahu adalah pencahayaan lampu mengalami pembiasan. Penggunaan lampu bawah air bertujuan untuk mengurangi pembiasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan lampu bawah air terhadap hasil tangkapan bagan perahu dan mengetahui komposisi hasil tangkapan bagan perahu dengan dan tanpa lampu bawah air. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 10 trip menggunakan metode experimental fishing. Selisih berat total hasil tangkapan antara bagan perahu dengan dan tanpa lampu bawah air pada trip 1 sebesar 33,4 kg, trip 2 sebesar 38,9 kg, trip 3 sebesar 31,1 kg, trip 4 sebesar 41,1 kg, trip 5 sebesar 28,8 kg, trip 6 sebesar 30,5 kg, trip 7 sebesar 35,4 kg, trip 8 sebesar 34,3 kg, trip 9 sebesar 38,7 kg dan trip 10 sebesar 31,6 kg sehingga menunjukkan hasil tangkapan lebih banyak bagan perahu dengan lampu bawah air. Hasil tangkapan utama bagan perahu adalah ikan Teri (Stolephorus sp.) dan Cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.). Hasil tangkapan sampingan bagan perahu antara lain ikan Petek (Leiognathus sp.), Tembang (Sardinella sp.), Lemuru (Amblygaster sirm), Selar Kuning (Selaroides leptolepi) dan Layur (Lepturacanthus savala). Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil yaitu terdapat pengaruh antara lampu bawah air dengan hasil tangkapan pada bagan perahu. Boat lift net is one type of fishing gear at PPN Karangantu which operates at night. Boat lift net attracts the target catch fish, the small pelagic fish is positive phototaxis using a light attractor in the form of a lamp. One of the constraints of fishermen on the boat chart is that the lighting has experienced refraction. Underwater lamp aims to reduce refraction.The purpose of this research is to know the effect of underwater lamp usage on boat lift net fishing catch and to know the composition of boat lift net with and without using underwater lamp. This research was conducted for 10 trips using experimental fishing methods. The difference in total catch of boat lift net with and without underwater lamp on trip 1 is 33,4 kg, trip 2 is 38,9 kg, trip 3 is 31,1 kg, trip 4 is 41,1 kg, trip 5 is 28,8 kg, trip 6 is 30,5 kg, trip 7 is 35,4 kg, trip 8 is 34,3 kg, trip 9 is 38,7 kg and trip 10 is 31,6 kg so it shows the catch is more the boat lift net with underwater lamp. Fish targets of the boat lift net are Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) and Cuttlefish (Loligo sp.). The bycatches of boat lift net are Pony fish (Leiognathus sp.), Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella sp.), Indian sardinella (Amblygaster sirm), Trevally (Selaroides leptolepi) and Hairtail fish (Lepturacanthus savala). The conclusion that can be drawn that there is an influence between underwater lamp and catches on the boat lift net.

Positive Phototaxis in Larval Bonytail

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade A. Massure ◽  
Chase A. Ehlo ◽  
Brian R. Kesner ◽  
Paul C. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Colorado River Basin ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Endemic Fish ◽  
Imperiled Species

Abstract We conducted an experiment to determine phototaxis in bonytail Gila elegans, a Colorado River basin endemic fish. We tested groups of 50 protolarvae (6.1–8.9 mm total length) in darkness for 2 h or 4 h with illuminated (lighted) and nonilluminated (unlighted) traps suspended in aquaria in pairs (one lighted and one unlighted, two lighted, or two unlighted); we repeated each trial three times. Among all trials, lighted traps captured 60% (359 of 600) of available larvae, which was significantly more than the 0% (1 of 600) from unlighted traps. Results demonstrate positive phototaxis and suggest larval light-trapping could be used to detect the presence of larval bonytail or to monitor or collect individuals for management of this critically imperiled species.

Black and White Preferences in the Frog, Rana Temporaria, and other Anura

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-877
Author(s):  
B. B. BOYCOTT ◽  
N. MROSOVSKY ◽  
W. R. A. MUNTZ
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Negative Phototaxis ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria

1. Conditions are described in which the frog, Rana temporaria, selects the darker of two stimuli. 2. Some similar observations are reported for other amphibians. 3. Further experiments suggested that a dark starting area is a factor tending to decrease negative phototaxis. Forcing the frogs from the dark starting area decreased the scores for the darker of two stimuli. 4. No strong positive phototaxis was found in the present experiments. 5. In conditions giving negative phototaxis there is a slight preference for blue over green. 6. These results are compared to previous work and discussed in relation to the possible underlying mechanism and their biological value.

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