Problematic macrofossils from Ediacaran successions in the North China and Chaidam blocks: implications for their evolutionary roots and biostratigraphic significance

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Shen ◽  
Shuhai Xiao ◽  
Lin Dong ◽  
Zhou Chuanming ◽  
Jianbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
The North ◽  
Dengying Formation ◽  
Cap Carbonate ◽  
Neoproterozoic Glaciation ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Upper Neoproterozoic successions in the North China and nearby Chaidam blocks are poorly documented. North China successions typically consist of a diamictite unit overlain by siltstone, sandstone, or slate. Similar successions occur in Chaidam, although a cap carbonate lies atop the diamictite unit. The diamictites in both blocks have been variously interpreted as Cryogenian, Ediacaran, or Cambrian glacial deposits. In this paper, we describe problematic macrofossils collected from slate of the upper Zhengmuguan Formation in North China and sandstone of the Zhoujieshan Formation in Chaidam; both fossiliferous formations conformably overlie the aforementioned diamictites. Some of these fossils were previously interpreted as animal traces. Our study recognizes four genera and five species—Helanoichnus helanensis Yang in Yang and Zheng, 1985, Palaeopascichnus minimus n. sp., Palaeopascichnus meniscatus n. sp., Horodyskia moniliformis? Yochelson and Fedonkin, 2000, and Shaanxilithes cf. ningqiangensis Xing et al., 1984. None of these taxa can be interpreted as animal traces. Instead, they are problematic body fossils of unresolved phylogenetic affinities. The fundamental bodyplan similarity between Horodyskia and Palaeopascichnus, both with serially repeated elements, indicates a possible phylogenetic relationship. Thus, at least some Ediacaran organisms may have a deep root because Horodyskia also occurs in Mesoproterozoic successions.Among the four genera reported here, Palaeopascichnus Palij, 1976 and Shaanxilithes Xing et al., 1984 have been known elsewhere in upper Ediacaran successions, including the Dengying Formation (551-542 Ma) in South China. If these two genera have biostratigraphic significance, the fossiliferous units in North China and Chaidam may be upper Ediacaran as well. Thus, the underlying diamictites in North China and Chaidam cannot be of Cambrian age, although their correlation with Ediacaran and Cryogenian glaciations remains unclear. As no other Neoproterozoic diamictite intervals are known in North China and Chaidam, perhaps only one Neoproterozoic glaciation is recorded in that area.

scholarly journals Virtual versus real water transfers within China

2005 ◽  
Vol 361 (1469) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Arjen Y Hoekstra ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Ashok K Chapagain ◽  
Dangxian Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
North China ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Deficit ◽  
Virtual Water Flow ◽  
North Water

North China faces severe water scarcity—more than 40% of the annual renewable water resources are abstracted for human use. Nevertheless, nearly 10% of the water used in agriculture is employed in producing food exported to south China. To compensate for this ‘virtual water flow’ and to reduce water scarcity in the north, the huge south–north Water Transfer Project is currently being implemented. This paradox—the transfer of huge volumes of water from the water-rich south to the water-poor north versus transfer of substantial volumes of food from the food-sufficient north to the food-deficit south—is receiving increased attention, but the research in this field has not yet reached further than rough estimation and qualitative description. The aim of this paper is to review and quantify the volumes of virtual water flows between the regions in China and to put them in the context of water availability per region. The analysis shows that north China annually exports about 52 billion m 3 of water in virtual form to south China, which is more than the maximum proposed water transfer volume along the three routes of the Water Transfer Project from south to north.

A new modular palaeopascichnid fossil Curviacus ediacaranus new genus and species from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
BING SHEN ◽  
SHUHAI XIAO ◽  
CHUANMING ZHOU ◽  
LIN DONG ◽  
JIEQIONG CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Carbonate Facies ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Dengying Formation ◽  
Body Construction ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

AbstractNon-biomineralizing Ediacaran macrofossils are rare in carbonate facies, but they offer valuable information about their three-dimensional internal anatomy and can broaden our view about their taphonomy and palaeoecology. In this study, we report a new Ediacaran fossil, Curviacus ediacaranus new genus and species, from bituminous limestone of the Shibantan Member of the Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China. Curviacus is reconstructed as a benthic modular organism consisting of serially arranged and crescent-shaped chambers. The chambers are confined by chamber walls that are replicated by calcispars, and are filled by micritic sediments. Such modular body construction is broadly similar to the co-occurring Yangtziramulus zhangii and other Ediacaran modular fossils, such as Palaeopascichnus. The preservation style of Curviacus is similar to Yangtziramulus, although the phylogenetic affinities of both genera remain unresolved. The new fossil adds to the diversity of Ediacaran modular organisms.

scholarly journals The combined effect of two westerly jet waveguides on heavy haze in the North China Plain in November and December 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiadong An ◽  
Lifang Sheng ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Rossby Wave ◽  
South China ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
The North ◽  
Westerly Jet ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Subtropical Westerly Jet

Abstract. Severe haze occurred in the North China Plain (NCP) from November to December 2015, with a wide spatial range and long duration. In this paper, the combined effect of two westerly jet waveguides on haze in the NCP was investigated based on visibility observational data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results showed that the two Rossby waveguides within the westerly jet originating from the Mediterranean were responsible for the haze formation in the NCP. The Rossby wave propagated eastward along the subtropical westerly jet and the polar front jet, causing an anomalous anticyclone over the Sea of Japan and anticyclonic wind speed shear at 850 hPa over the NCP, which enhanced the anomalous descending air motion in the middle and lower troposphere and subsequently resulted in a stable atmosphere. Furthermore, the Rossby wave weakened the East Asia trough and Ural ridge, and strengthened the anomalous southerly wind at 850 hPa over the coastal areas of east China, decelerating the East Asia winter monsoon. The above meteorological conditions modulated haze accumulation in November and December 2015. Meanwhile, continuous rainfall related to ascending motion due to Rossby wave propagation along the subtropical westerly jet occurred in a large area of southern China. The latent heat released by rainfall acted as a heat source, inducing convection over South China. This further strengthened the ascending motion over South China so that the descending motion over the NCP was maintained, favoring the maintenance of severe haze. This study is of great significance to elucidate the formation and maintenance mechanism of large-scale haze in the NCP in late fall and boreal winter.

scholarly journals Proterozoic−Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan and Eastern Kunlun Range, northern Tibet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Andrew V. Zuza ◽  
Peter J. Haproff ◽  
Xuanhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
North China ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South China Craton ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Qilian ◽  
Early Neoproterozoic

The Proterozoic−Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan, Qaidam Basin, and Eastern Kunlun Range was key to the construction of the Asian continent, and understanding the paleogeography of these regions is critical to reconstructing the ancient oceanic domains of central Asia. This issue is particularly important regarding the paleogeography of the North China-Tarim continent and South China craton, which have experienced significant late Neoproterozoic rifting and Phanerozoic deformation. In this study, we integrated new and existing geologic field observations and geochronology across northern Tibet to examine the tectonic evolution of the Qilian-Qaidam-Kunlun continent and its relationships with the North China-Tarim continent to the north and South China craton to the south. Our results show that subduction and subsequent collision between the Tarim-North China, Qilian-Qaidam-Kunlun, and South China continents occurred in the early Neoproterozoic. Late Neoproterozoic rifting opened the North Qilian, South Qilian, and Paleo-Kunlun oceans. Opening of the South Qilian and Paleo-Kunlun oceans followed the trace of an early Neoproterozoic suture. The opening of the Paleo-Kunlun Ocean (ca. 600 Ma) occurred later than the opening of the North and South Qilian oceans (ca. 740−730 Ma). Closure of the North Qilian and South Qilian oceans occurred in the Early Silurian (ca. 440 Ma), whereas the final consumption of the Paleo-Kunlun Ocean occurred in the Devonian (ca. 360 Ma). Northward subduction of the Neo-Kunlun oceanic lithosphere initiated at ca. 270 Ma, followed by slab rollback beginning at ca. 225 Ma evidenced in the South Qilian Shan and at ca. 194 Ma evidenced in the Eastern Kunlun Range. This tectonic evolution is supported by spatial trends in the timing of magmatism and paleo-crustal thickness across the Qilian-Qaidam-Kunlun continent. Lastly, we suggest that two Greater North China and South China continents, located along the southern margin of Laurasia, were separated in the early Neoproterozoic along the future Kunlun-Qinling-Dabie suture.

spatial and temporal changes in SO2 over China in the recent decade and the Impacts of emissions and meteorology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Pucai Wang ◽  
Nicolas Theys ◽  
Dan Tong ◽  
François Hendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Changes

<p>The spatial and temporal changes of SO<sub>2</sub> regimes over China during 2005 to 2016 and their associated driving mechanism are investigated based on a state-of-the-art retrieval dataset. Climatological SO<sub>2</sub>exhibits pronounced seasonal and regional variations, with higher loadings in wintertime and two prominent maxima centered in the North China Plain and the Cheng-Yu District. In the last decade, overall SO<sub>2</sub> decreasing trends have been reported nationwide, with spatially varying downward rates according to a general rule—the higher the SO<sub>2</sub> loading, the more significant the decrease. However, such decline is in fact not monotonic, but instead four distinct temporal regimes can be identified by empirical orthogonal function analysis. After an initial rise at the beginning, SO<sub>2</sub> in China undergoes two sharp drops in the periods 2007-2008 and 2014-2016, amid which 5-year moderate rebounding is sustained. Despite spatial coherent behaviors, different mechanisms are tied to North China and South China. In North China, the same four regimes are detected in the time series of emission that is expected to drive the regime of atmospheric SO<sub>2</sub>, with a percentage of explained variance amounting to 81%. In contrast to North China, SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in South China exhibit a continuous descending tendency, due to the coordinated cuts of industrial and household emissions. As a result, the role of emissions only makes up about 45% of the SO<sub>2</sub> variation, primarily owing to the decoupled pathways of emission and atmospheric content during 2009 to 2013 when the emissions continue to decline but atmospheric content witnesses a rebound. Unfavorable meteorological conditions, including deficient precipitation, weaker wind speed and increased static stability, outweigh the effect of decreasing emissions and thus give rise to the rebound of SO<sub>2</sub> during 2009 to 2013.</p>

Palaeomagnetism, North China and South China collision, and the Tan-Lu fault

1990 ◽  
Vol 331 (1620) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Polar Wander ◽  
The North ◽  
Indosinian Orogeny ◽  
North And South ◽  
Transcurrent Faults

Refined Apparent Polar Wander (APW) paths for the North and South China Blocks (ncb and scb) are presented and the collision between the NCB and SCB discussed. We suggest that the amalgamation of the NCB and SCB was completed in the late Triassic-early Jurassic, during the Indosinian Orogeny. This proposed timing is based on an analysis of palaeomagnetic signatures relating to continental collisions, such as the convergence of palaeolatitude, deflections of declination, hairpin-like loops in and superposition of APW paths. Like the Cenozoic India—Eurasia collision, the Mesozoic NCB- SCB collision reactivated ancient faults in eastern China, converting some of them into transcurrent faults, of which the Tan-Lu fault is the most famous.

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