scholarly journals Adeno-associated virus-mediated knockdown of melanocortin-4 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus promotes high-fat diet-induced hyperphagia and obesity

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob C Garza ◽  
Chung Sub Kim ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Key Enzyme

Pharmacological and genetic studies have suggested that melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) regulates appetite and energy balance. However, the specific role of MC4R signaling in PVN neurons in these processes remains to be further elucidated in normally developed animals. In the present study, we employed RNA interference to determine whether MC4R knockdown in the PVN modulates food intake and body weight in adult rats. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding short hairpin RNAs targeting MC4R (AAV-shRNA-MC4R) were generated to induce MC4R knockdown in the PVN. By in situ hybridization, we detected a high-level expression of Dicer, a key enzyme required for shRNA-mediated gene silencing, along the entire rostrocaudal extent of the PVN. Bilateral injection of AAV-shRNA-MC4R vectors into the PVN of the adult rat resulted in significant and specific reduction of MC4R mRNA expression. Animals with MC4R knockdown exhibited an increase in food intake and excessive body weight gain when exposed to a high-fat diet. Our results provide evidence that AAV-mediated silencing of MC4R on PVN neurons promotes hyperphagia and obesity in response to the dietary challenge in the adult animal.

scholarly journals The Effects of Triacylglycerol Structures on the Food Intake and Body Weight of Mice in a High-Fat Diet Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216
Author(s):  
Xinge Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Objectives The dietary fat content plays an important role in the regulation of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the impacts of triacylglycerol structure on the body weight gain and food intake of mice in a high-fat diet (HFD) setting. Methods Male C57/BL6J mice at 6 weeks old were fed one of the following three diets for 6 weeks, Teklad Rodent Diet chow diet (number 8640), the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (PPO), or the chow diet containing 36% (w/w) 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP). Each group contained 9 mice, and their food intake and BW were measured daily. The mice were euthanized after 6 weeks (12 weeks old) for tissue sample collection. Results Both high HFD groups had significantly higher BW gain and caloric intakes than the chow diet group. Mice fed the POP diet had a lower percentage of BW gain and consumed less accumulated calories than those fed the PPO diet, as well as a significantly lower liver to BW ratio. Since week 4, the body BW rate of the POP group started to be lower than that of the PPO diet group. Conclusions TAG structures in an HFD setting affect the BW gain rate and obesity in mice. The different structures of fat added to affect the food intake and BW gain differently in an HFD setting. In the future, we would like to compare the changes of the hepatic lipogenesis enzyme in these mice. This will help us to understand how the triacylglycerol structures in the diet affect lipid metabolism in mice. Funding Sources Internal.

scholarly journals A Combination of Apple Vinegar Drink with Bacillus coagulans Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2504
Author(s):  
Raquel Urtasun ◽  
Joana Díaz-Gómez ◽  
Miriam Araña ◽  
María José Pajares ◽  
María Oneca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Traditional Remedy

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic characterized by excessive fat accumulation, associated with multiple comorbidities and complications. Emerging evidence points to gut microbiome as a driving force in the pathogenesis of obesity. Vinegar intake, a traditional remedy source of exogenous acetate, has been shown to improve glycemic control and to have anti-obesity effects. New functional foods may be developed by supplementing traditional food with probiotics. B. coagulans is a suitable choice because of its resistance to high temperatures. To analyze the possible synergic effect of Vinegar and B. coagulans against the metabolic alterations induced by a high fat diet (HFD), we fed twelve-week-old C57BL/6 mice with HFD for 5 weeks after 2 weeks of acclimation on a normal diet. Then, food intake, body weight, blood biochemical parameters, histology and liver inflammatory markers were analyzed. Although vinegar drink, either alone or supplemented with B. coagulans, reduced food intake, attenuated body weight gain and enhanced glucose tolerance, only the supplemented drink improved the lipid serum profile and prevented hepatic HFD-induced overexpression of CD36, IL-1β, IL-6, LXR and SREBP, thus reducing lipid deposition in the liver. The beneficial properties of the B. coagulans-supplemented vinegar appear to be mediated by a reduction in insulin and leptin circulating levels.

scholarly journals Rhythmic neuronal activities of the rat nucleus of the solitary tract are impaired by short-term high fat diet - implications for daily control of satiety by the brainstem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Chrobok ◽  
Jasmin D Klich ◽  
Anna M Sanetra ◽  
Jagoda S Jeczmien-Lazur ◽  
Kamil Pradel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

ABSTRACTTemporal partitioning of daily food intake is crucial for survival and involves the integration of internal circadian states and external influences such as the light-dark cycle and the composition of diet. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors are interdependent with misalignment of circadian rhythms promoting body weight gain, while consumption of a calorie dense diet elevates the risk of obesity and blunts circadian rhythms. Since cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer are comorbid with obesity, understanding the relationships between brain activity and diet is of pivotal importance. Recently, we defined for the first time the circadian properties of the dorsal vagal complex of the brainstem, a structure implicated in the control of food intake and autonomic tone, but if and how 24 h rhythms in this area are influenced by diet remains unresolved. Here we focused on a key structure of this complex, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and using a range of approaches, we interrogated how its neuronal and cellular rhythms are affected by high-fat diet. We report that short term consumption of this diet increases food intake during the day and blunts daily rhythms in gene expression and neuronal discharge in the nucleus of the solitary tract. These alterations in this structure occur without prominent body weight gain, suggesting that high-fat diet acts initially to reduce activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract, thereby disinhibiting mechanisms that suppress daytime feeding.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effect of repeated stress on body weight and body composition of rats fed low- and high-fat diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. R1928-R1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B. S. Harris ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Bradley D. Youngblood ◽  
Igor I. Rybkin ◽  
Gennady N. Smagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Fat Diets

Exposure to the moderate stressor of 3-h restraint for 3 consecutive days causes a temporary drop in food intake but a permanent reduction in body weight in adult rats. Young rats did not show the same response. Food intake of adult rats exposed to repeated restraint was significantly lower than that of controls for 4 days after the end of stress, and there was no rebound hyperphagia. Body weight remained significantly lower for at least 40 days after stress. When the rats were fed a high-fat diet of 80% chow and 20% vegetable shortening (48% kcal fat, 16% protein), lean body mass accounted for all of the weight loss in stressed rats. When the experiment was repeated with a purified high-fat diet containing corn oil and coconut oil as the source of fat (41% kcal fat, 16% protein), weight loss consisted of both lean and fat tissue. There were no sustained changes in single time point measures of corticosterone, insulin, or leptin that could account for the reduced body weight in these rats.

Effects of combined glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptor modulation (CORT118335) on energy balance, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E337-E349
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Berman ◽  
Joshua Streicher ◽  
Christina M. Estrada ◽  
Jody L. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Receptor Modulation

Psychological stress and excess glucocorticoids are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids act primarily through mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), and compounds modulating these receptors show promise in mitigating metabolic and cardiovascular-related phenotypes. CORT118335 (GR/MR modulator) prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and adiposity in mice, but the ability of this compound to reverse obesity-related symptoms is unknown. Adult male rats were subcutaneously administered CORT118335 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily. A 5-day treatment with CORT118335 at 30 mg/kg induced weight loss in rats fed a chow diet by decreasing food intake. However, lower doses of the compound attenuated body weight gain primarily because of decreased calorific efficiency, as there were no significant differences in food intake compared with vehicle. Notably, the body weight effects of CORT118335 persisted during a 2-wk treatment hiatus, suggesting prolonged effects of the compound. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate a sustained effect of combined GR/MR modulation on body weight gain. These findings suggest that CORT118335 may have long-lasting effects, likely due to GR/MR-induced transcriptional changes. Prolonged (18 days) treatment of CORT118335 (10 mg/kg) reversed body weight gain and adiposity in animals fed a high-fat diet for 13 wk. Surprisingly, this occurred despite a worsening of the lipid profile and glucose homeostasis as well as a disrupted diurnal corticosterone rhythm, suggesting GR agonistic effects in the periphery. We conclude that species and tissue-specific targeting may result in promising leads for exploiting the metabolically beneficial aspects of GR/MR modulation.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF DUNALIELLA SALINA MICROALGAE TO AMELIORATE HIGH-FAT DIET‑INDUCED OBESITY IN ANIMALS’ RODENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk K El-baz ◽  
Hanan F Aly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Obese Rats

 Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the potential of Dunaliella salina microalgae to ameliorate obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in male Wistar rats.Methods: Fifty rats weighing 150–160 g were fed HFD for 12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each. Obese rats were orally administered D. salina ethanolic extract (150 mg/Kg body weight), and orlistat as standard drug (12 mg/Kg body weight), for 6 weeks.Results: Treatment of obese rats with both D. salina and orlistat had a significant effect in reducing body and liver weights as well as visceral fat, inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity, decreased lipid profile, and increased fecal fat and ameliorating liver function enzymes activity, insulin, blood glucose, and leptin levels. Besides, food intake was insignificantly increased as a result of D. salina and orlistat treatments compared with normal control rats.Conclusion: It could be concluded that D. salina rich in β-carotene significantly reduced body weight gain and ameliorated several metabolic pathways implicated in obesity and its related complication. Hence, further intensive study must be carried out to formulate D. Salina extracts to apply as a promising natural anti-obesity nutraceutical drug.

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