Measurement of lipogenesis in isolated preputial gland cells of the rat and the effect of oestrogen

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Alves ◽  
A. J. Thody ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
S. Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Gland Cell ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Prior Administration

ABSTRACT Lipogenesis was measured in isolated preputial gland cells of female rats after ovariectomy and after the administration of oestradiol benzoate. Ovariectomy decreased preputial gland cell lipogenesis and also altered the pattern of lipid synthesis, producing a relative decrease in the proportion of polar lipids and an increase in the proportion of 'triglycerides'. Although daily administration of 2 or 10 μg oestradiol benzoate for 7 days produced slight increases in preputial gland cell lipogenesis in ovariectomized rats, the effects were not significant. A single injection of 10 μg oestradiol benzoate, however, produced significant increases in preputial gland cell lipogenesis of ovariectomized rats at both 2 and 24 h and, moreover, at 24 h the pattern of polar lipid and triglyceride labelling was restored to normal. Prior administration of actinomycin D reduced the lipogenic effect of oestradiol benzoate. Oestradiol benzoate had little or no effect on preputial gland cell lipogenesis in male rats. These results confirm that oestrogen is able to stimulate preputial lipogenesis in female rats. Whether this action of oestrogen is related to its pheromone-producing effect on the preputial glands is not yet known. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 1–7

EFFECT OF OVARIAN STEROIDS ON PREPUTIAL GLAND ODOURS IN THE FEMALE RAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. THODY ◽  
H. DIJKSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Experienced Male

Sexually experienced male rats were used to test for whole body and preputial gland odours of female rats. The male rats clearly preferred whole body odours of intact female rats to those of preputialectomized female rats. The male rats also preferred the odour of preputial gland tissue of intact female rats to that of ovariectomized female rats and were especially attracted to the preputial gland odours of female rats in pro-oestrus and oestrus. The preputial gland odours of ovariectomized rats that had received oestradiol benzoate for 7 days were attractive to male rats, although similar treatment with progesterone was ineffective. However, a single injection of progesterone given 72 h after a single injection of oestradiol benzoate not only made ovariectomized rats receptive, but also made their preputial gland odours attractive to male rats. The results suggest that the preputial gland of the female rat is responsible for odours that serve to attract sexually experienced male rats. Ovarian steroids, as well as controlling receptivity in the female rat, would also appear to control the production of sex attractants in the preputial gland. There was no relationship between the size of the preputial glands and their ability to attract male rats which suggests that preputial gland growth and production of sex attractants are not under the same hormonal control.

EFFECT OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND OVARIAN STEROIDS ON PREPUTIAL GLAND FUNCTION IN THE FEMALE RAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. DONOHOE ◽  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Preputial Glands

Sexually experienced male rats were used to test the attractiveness of preputial gland odours of female rats. The male rats showed a clear preference for the preputial gland odours of hypophysectomized females given oestradiol benzoate (OB) for 3 or 8 days to those of control rats. Progesterone treatment had no effect on the attractiveness of the preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized female rats. Administration of α-MSH for either 3 or 8 days, on the other hand, increased the attractiveness to male rats of preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized females and the presence of progesterone produced no further change. When administered alone α-MSH had no effect on the attractiveness of the preputial gland odours. Other pituitary hormones, such as ACTH and prolactin, had no effect on the attractiveness of preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized rats when administered for 3[unk]days. An increase in preputial gland size was only seen when OB, progesterone and α-MSH were administered together. It would appear that no relationship exists between the size of the preputial glands and their ability to attract male rats. It is concluded that, while α-MSH and progesterone may be important in controlling growth of the preputial glands, an interaction between α-MSH and oestrogen is more important for regulating the production of sex attractants by the preputial glands.

Naloxone reverses post-ejaculatory inhibition of sexual behaviour in female rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Forsberg ◽  
I. Bednar ◽  
P. Eneroth ◽  
P. Södersten
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Sexual Receptivity ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Sexual receptivity was inhibited in ovariectomized rats treated with oestradiol benzoate (OB: two injections of 2 μg) and progesterone (0·5 mg) immediately after ejaculation by the male and restored after the end of the post-ejaculatory refractory period in the male. The post-ejaculatory inhibition of sexual receptivity was reversed by i.p. (5 mg), intracerebroventricular (50 μg) or intrathecal (50 μg) injection of the opioid peptide receptor antagonist naloxone. The concentration of serum β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in ovariectomized rats treated with OB plus progesterone was unaltered by sexual interactions with males (18·3 ± 6·0 (s.e.m.), 26·4 ± 2·1 and 21·8 ± 6·1 pmol/l before sexual activity, after ejaculation and after the end of the post-ejaculatory interval) but reduced to non-detectable by hypophysectomy. Subcutaneous injection of 10 μg β-endorphin raised serum concentrations of β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity but did not affect the display of sexual behaviour. The behaviour was also unaffected by intracerebroventricular injection of 0·1, 0·2 or 1·0 μg β-endorphin or by injections of 0·25 μg β-endorphin in the periaqueductal central grey of the mesencephalon. The results show that ejaculation by male rats causes a transient inhibition of sexual receptivity in the female which may be dependent upon opioid peptide receptor mechanisms in the brain and spinal cord. It is unlikely that the peptide is β-endorphin. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 429–434

PRESENCE OF SEX PHEROMONE IN PREPUTIAL GLANDS OF MALE RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. GAWIENOWSKI ◽  
P. J. ORSULAK ◽  
MARIA STACEWICZ-SAPUNTZAKIS ◽  
B. M. JOSEPH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Specific Fraction ◽  
Preputial Glands

SUMMARY Female rats consistently preferred the odour of male rat preputial gland compared with that of foot pads, submaxillary-sublingual glands, coagulating glands, liver, fat or muscle. Both saline homogenates and ether extracts were effective. Female rats did not respond to the odour of female preputial extract and they preferred the odour of normal male preputial extract to that from castrated rats. The pheromone was not associated with the fatty acids of the preputial extract. The fractionation of the volatile components of preputial extracts by gas chromatography revealed that most of the biological activity resided in a specific fraction.

OESTROGEN RESPONSES OF RATS NEONATALLY STERILIZED WITH STEROIDS

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. WRENN ◽  
JOAN R. WOOD ◽  
J. BITMAN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY At 75 days of age, female rats neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate were compared with normal and ovariectomized rats with regard to their 6-hr. response to 0·2 μg. oestradiol 17β. The greatest increases in uterine weight, glucose and glycogen concentrations and per cent uterine water occurred in the ovariectomized animals. A marked oestrogen response also occurred in the animals neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate. The response of the normal rats was slight, and the testosterone propionate-treated rats were the least affected. Adrenal, pituitary, and ovarian weights were found to be affected by the neonatal hormone treatments. Vaginal patency was completely inhibited in the rats injected with testosterone propionate. It is concluded that rats neonatally sterilized with steroids are much less suitable than ovariectomized animals for oestrogen assays.

scholarly journals Different mechanisms of regulation of nuclear reduced nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent 3-oxo steroid 5α-reductase activity in rat liver, kidney and prostate

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson ◽  
Åke Pousette
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydroxy Steroid

The regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of the nuclear NADPH-dependent 3-ketosteroid 5α-reductase (5α-reductase) activity were studied in liver, kidney and prostate. The substrate used was [1,2-3H]androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) (for liver and kidney) or [4-14C]androstenedione (for prostate). The hepatic nuclear 5α-reductase activity was greater in female than in male rats, was greater in adult than in prepubertal female rats, increased after castration of male rats, but was not affected by treatment with testosterone propionate or oestradiol benzoate. These regulatory characteristics are in part different from those previously described for the hepatic microsomal 5α-reductase. The renal nuclear metabolism of androstenedione, i.e. 5α reduction and 17β-hydroxy steroid reduction, was relatively unaffected by sex, age, castration and treatment with testosterone propionate. However, treatment of castrated male rats with oestradiol benzoate led to a significant increase in the 5α-reductase activity and a significant decrease in the 17β-hydroxy steroid reductase activity. Finally, the nuclear 5α-reductase activity in prostate was androgen-dependent, decreasing after castration and increasing after treatment with testosterone propionate. In conclusion, the nuclear 5α-reductase activities in liver, kidney and prostate seem to be under the control of distinctly different regulatory mechanisms. The hypothesis is presented that whereas the prostatic nuclear 5α-reductase participates in the formation of a physiologically active androgen, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, this may not be the true function of the nuclear 5α-reductase in liver and kidney. These enzymes might rather serve to protect the androgen target sites in the chromatin from active androgens (e.g. testosterone) by transforming them into less active androgens (e.g. 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and/or 5α-dihydrotestosterone).

Vasopressin responses and receptors in the mesenteric vasculature of estrogen-treated rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. H885-H889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. St-Louis ◽  
A. Parent ◽  
R. Lariviere ◽  
E. L. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Mesenteric Vascular Bed

The effect of treatment with estrogens on the biological activity of arginine8 vasopressin (AVP) in the in vitro perfused mesenteric vascular bed and on the binding characteristics of [3H]AVP on membranes prepared from the same vascular bed was studied. Female rats treated with estradiol (400 micrograms/24 h sc), compared with ovariectomized rats, had an increase in the maximum response to AVP (from 128 +/- 3 to 153 +/- 3 mmHg) in the perfused preparation and an increase in the density of AVP binding sites (from 402 to 732 fmol/mg protein) in the membrane preparation. In male rats, the injection of estradiol increased the maximum response to AVP (from 109 +/- 4 to 137 +/- 3 mmHg) and the density of AVP binding sites (from 289 to 519 fmol/mg protein). The effective concentration producing 50% of maximum response of AVP in the perfused preparation was higher in male than in female rats, while the Kd in the binding experiments was similar in the four experimental groups. Our results show that estrogens upregulate the number of AVP binding sites, leading to an increase in the pressor response to AVP in the rat mesenteric vascular bed.

SENSITIVITY OF ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC AREAS TO GONADAL STEROID IMPLANTATION IN ANDROGENIZED FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DANGUY ◽  
J. L. PASTEELS ◽  
F. ECTORS
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Stimulation Of

A single injection of 1 mg of a complex of testosterone esters on day 5 of life was used to prepare constantly oestrous rats. Such androgenized female rats were then ovariectomized and submitted to stereotaxical implantation of 1 μg oestradiol benzoate, 5 μg testosterone isobutyrate or, as a control, 10 μg cholesterol in the anterior hypothalamic areas. The effects of the steroids on plasma and pituitary FSH and LH were assessed by radioimmunoassay. As reported previously by us in normal female and male rats, the preoptic–suprachiasmatic area (POA) was able to control synthesis and secretion of both gonadotrophins and did not lose its sensitivity to oestradiol and testosterone in androgenized rats. Evidence for enhanced prolactin secretion in androgenized rats was derived from immunofluorescence studies of the pituitary gland and from histology of the mammary glands. In this respect the condition of the androgenized females was opposite to that of the males. The present work demonstrated that stimulation of prolactin secretion in androgenized female rats resulted from oestrogen action due to permanent oestrus rather than from impairment of hypothalamo-hypophysial relationships. Indeed, prolactin stimulation was suppressed when the androgenized rats were ovariectomized and restored when they were subsequently implanted with oestradiol in the POA.

INDUCTION OF PROLACTIN AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASE BY HISTAMINE IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS AND THE INFLUENCE OF BRAIN TRANSMITTER ANTAGONISTS

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. DONOSO
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intraventricular Injection ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Lh Release

The levels of prolactin and LH in the plasma of rats were determined at various times after intraventricular injection of histamine. Doses of 5 and 60 μg histamine (free base) in male rats, anaesthetized with ether, induced an increase in the level of prolactin in the plasma, whilst producing a slight decrease in the concentration of LH. Injection of 5 μg histamine at 14.00 h into female rats at all stages of the oestrous cycle caused prolactin to be released; the effect was greatest at oestrus and at day 1 of dioestrus. Histamine also gave rise to a marked increase in the level of LH in the plasma when administered to pro-oestrous rats, but had no effect when injected at the other stages of the oestrous cycle. The effect of histamine on the release of prolactin in ovariectomized, oestradiol benzoate: progesterone-primed (OVX,OB:P) rats was found to be dose-related, and the level of LH in the plasma was increased by as little as 1·25 μg. Pretreatment with adrenergic (phenoxybenzamine and propranolol) and cholinergic (atropine) antagonists failed to block the stimulatory effects of histamine on prolactin secretion, but pretreatment with methysergide (serotonin antagonist) increased the histamine-induced release of prolactin in male rats. Antagonists did not modify the response of prolactin to histamine in OVX,OB:P-primed rats. The histamine-induced release of LH in OVX,OB:P-primed rats was slightly reduced by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and atropine, but not by methysergide. These results indicate that histamine facilitates the release of prolactin. The stimulatory action of histamine on both pro-oestrous and OVX,OB:P-primed but not male rats suggests that histamine may be involved in LH release in the rat. Results obtained in animals pretreated with transmitter antagonists, which were unable to prevent histamine-induced hormone release, suggest that the actions of this amine are not mediated by cholinergic, noradrenergic or serotonergic mechanisms.

Estrogen enhances baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious ovariectomized rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M El-Mas ◽  
Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Baroreflex Function ◽  
Vehicle Treatment

In previous studies, we have shown that the baroreflex control of heart rate is significantly attenuated in females compared with age-matched males. This study investigated the role of estrogen in the modulation of baroreflex function in conscious unrestrained rats. Baroreflex-mediated decreases in heart rate in response to increments in blood pressure evoked by phenylephrine were evaluated in conscious freely moving male and female Sprague-Dawley rats as well as in ovariectomized rats. The effect of a 2-day 17 beta -estradiol (50 µg ·kg-1 ·day-1, s.c.) or vehicle treatment on baroreflex sensitivity was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Intravenous bolus doses of phenylephrine (1-16 µg/kg) elicited dose-dependent pressor and bradycardic responses in all groups of rats. Regression analysis of the baroreflex curves relating increments in blood pressure to the associated heart rate responses revealed a significantly (p < 0.05) smaller baroreflex sensitivity in female compared with male rats (-1.22 ± 0.07 and -1.85 ± 0.15 beats ·min-1 ·mmHg-1, respectively), suggesting an attenuated baroreflex function in females. In age-matched ovariectomized rats, baroreflex sensitivity showed further reduction (-0.93 ± 0.02 beats ·min-1 ·mmHg-1). Treatment of ovariectomized rats with 17 beta -estradiol significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the baroreflex sensitivity (-1.41 ± 0.16 beats ·min-1 ·mmHg-1) to a level that was slightly higher than that of sham-operated female rats. Furthermore, baroreflex sensitivity of ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats was not significantly different from that of age-matched male rats. The vehicle, on the other hand, had no effect on baroreflex sensitivity of ovariectomized rats. These data support our earlier findings that sexual dimorphism exists in baroreflex control of heart rate. More importantly, the present study provides experimental evidence that suggests a facilitatory role for estrogen in the modulation of baroreflex function.Key words: rat, gender, baroreflex sensitivity, 17 beta -estradiol, ovariectomy.

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