Comparison of plasma progesterone profiles in cyclic, pregnant, pseudopregnant and hysterectomized pigs between 8 and 27 days after oestrus

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. King ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secretory Potential ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Plasma progesterone concentrations were compared in cyclic (n = 12), pregnant (n =12), oestradiol-induced pseudopregnant (n=12) and hysterectomized gilts (n=10) between days 8 and 27 after oestrus. The results were grouped into periods covering days 8–13, 14–20 and 21–27 and analysed by least-squares analysis of variance. Plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (P<0·001) higher in hysterectomized compared with other groups between days 8 and 13. Progesterone concentrations declined rapidly after day 14 in cyclic females and gradually in the other groups. Throughout the third and fourth weeks the mean progesterone concentrations for hysterectomized animals were consistently higher than for pseudopregnant animals (P<0·05). The pregnant group means were below but not significantly different from the hysterectomized means in both of the last two periods. The greater progesterone concentrations in hysterectomized gilts indicated that secretion is high without any conceptus-produced or -mediated luteotrophin, and corpora lutea in cyclic, pregnant or pseudopregnant gilts may never reach full secretory potential. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 111–116

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors on multiple ovulation of zebu donors

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.C.D. Peixoto ◽  
J.A.G. Bergmann ◽  
C.G. Fonseca ◽  
V.M. Penna ◽  
C.S. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Responses

Data on 1,294 superovulations of Brahman, Gyr, Guzerat and Nellore females were used to evaluate the effects of: breed; herd; year of birth; inbreeding coefficient and age at superovulation of the donor; month, season and year of superovulation; hormone source and dose; and the number of previous treatments on the superovulation results. Four data sets were considered to study the influence of donors’ elimination effect after each consecutive superovulation. Each one contained only records of the first, or of the two firsts, or three firsts or all superovulations. The average number of palpated corpora lutea per superovulation varied from 8.6 to 12.6. The total number of recovered structures and viable embryos ranged from 4.1 to 7.3 and from 7.3 to 13.8, respectively. Least squares means of the number of viable embryos at first superovulation were 7.8 ± 6.6 (Brahman), 3.7 ± 4.5 (Gyr), 6.1 ± 5.9 (Guzerat) and 5.2 ± 5.9 (Nellore). The numbers of viable embryos of the second and the third superovulations were not different from those of the first superovulation. The mean intervals between first and second superovulations were 91.8 days for Brahman, 101.8 days for Gyr, 93.1 days for Guzerat and 111.3 days for Nellore donors. Intervals between the second and the third superovulations were 134.3, 110.3, 116.4 and 108.5 days for Brahman, Gyr, Guzerat and Nellore donors, respectively. Effects of herd nested within breed and dose nested within hormone affected all traits. For some data sets, the effects of month and order of superovulation on three traits were importants. The maximum number of viable embryos was observed for 7-8 year-old donors. The best responses for corpora lutea and recovered structures were observed for 4-5 year-old donors. Inbreeding coefficient was positively associated to the number of recovered structures when data set on all superovulations was considered.

PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN CYCLING AND GONADOTROPHIN–PROSTAGLANDIN-TREATED HEIFERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
P. C. LAGUË ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Peak Level ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Mean

Progesterone levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay in blood samples obtained by venipuncture on the day of estrus and every alternate day until the onset of the next estrus in eight cycling dairy heifers. The mean level of progesterone was < 1 ng/ml during the first 2 days of the cycle, increased rapidly over the 4th–12th day period and reached a peak level value of 5.2 ± 1.1 ng/ml on day 14. Thereafter, the level declined rapidly to 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml on day 16 and then more gradually to 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml on day 21. In the second experiment, eight cycling heifers at diestrus were treated with gonadotrophin (2,000 IU PMSG or 1,000 IU PMSG + 1,000 IU HCG) followed 48 h later by 15 mg prostaglandin (PGF2α). Mid-ventral laparotomies were performed 4 days after the onset of estrus to observe ovarian activity. Progesterone levels were considerably higher in some animals and were slightly higher on the average after gonadotrophin treatments. The number of corpora lutea (CL) in these heifers ranged from 1 to 17. Progesterone levels of three heifers with 4–9 CL did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of three heifers with single CL. Two heifers each with 17 CL had peak progesterone levels of 38.4 and 27.8 ng/ml which were still high (9.6 and 26.5 ng/ml) by day 21. The remaining six heifers had low progesterone levels (< 1 ng/ml) by days 8–14, indicating premature regression of the CL. Thus, progesterone levels were not correlated with the number of CL.

CIRCADIAN CHANGES IN THE ANTICOAGULANT EFFECT OF HEPARIN. PHARMACODYNAMIC AND PHARMACOKINETIC EFFECT

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Decousus ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
J Reynaud ◽  
E Arnaud-Crozat ◽  
C Boissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Effect ◽  
Constant Dose ◽  
Calcium Heparin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antifactor Xa ◽  
Heparin Dosage

Six patients, with thromboembolic arterial disease, were prospectively studied to assess the influence of the time of injection of a constant dose of calcium heparin (Choay ), given subcutaneously, on the level of heparin measured by APTT and anti-Xa assay. For each patient, the initial dose of heparin was adjusted by APTT 6h after a morning injection to 1.5 and 2.5 times control. Dose was then kept constant. Four randomized times of injection were tested (8am, 4pm, 8pm and 12pm), in each patient acting as his own control. Blood was sampled via a cannula, at Oh, 2h, 3h,4h,5h,6h, 8h, lOh and 12h after injection. The mean APTT and anti-Xa values for the evening injections (8pm and 12pm) were higher than for the morning injection (8am), at 2h until lOh after injection. These differences were significant (analysis of variance:p<0.001) and reached almost 30 seconds for mean APTT values measured 4h, 5h and 6h after injection. For the afternoon injection (4 pm) the mean APTT and anti-Xa values were intermediate but significantly different from all the other times of injection (analysis of variance: p<0.01).Blood was sampled also on two consecutive days at 12am and 12pm from eight patients receiving heparin subcutaneously for treatment of DVT (administered at 6am and 6pm respectively). Heparin levels by APTT, TT and three antifactor Xa methods (Heptest, Hepaclot, Chromogenic) were significantly higher at night than morning (analysis of variance p<0.005). Cosinor analysis confirmed these results are consistent with circadian variation as we have previously reported after continuous infusion of UF heparin (Br. Med. J., 1985, 290, 341-344). The observed variation was found to be a resultant of a pharmacodynamic effect (circadian variation in assay response to heparin) and pharmacokinetic effect (circadian variation in 99m Tc-heparin clearance). Such circadian variation should be taken into account when deciding heparin dosage.

EFFECT OF POST-OVULATORY ADMINISTERED OESTROGENS ON CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lehmann ◽  
I. Just-Nastansky ◽  
B. Behrendt ◽  
P.-J. Czygan ◽  
G. Bettendorf
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Fourth Cycle ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The effect of orally given diethylstilboestroldiphosphate (DES) and 17α-ethinyl-oestradiol-3-methylether (EEM) on plasma progesterone levels was studied. Both compounds were administered for 5 days to 5 women in daily doses of 60 mg (DES) and 30 mg (EEM). The fully informed volunteers were found to have a normal menstrual cycle before the study. The mean corpus luteum phase (corpus luteum phase = days between LH surge and onset of menstruation) of all control cycles lasted 12.8 days. Daily plasma samples were collected for radioimmunoassay (RIA) of progesterone, immunoreactive oestrogens and LH. After a control cycle the first treatment was carried out with DES. The third and the fifth cycle were control cycles again. The EEM-treatment was done in the fourth cycle. Although the effect of the two compounds was different, a dependence of the age of the corpus luteum (CL) could be demonstrated for both. DES-treatment lowered plasma progesterone levels during administration. This effect was only demonstrable if the treatment was begun on the day of the LH-peak. The length of the CL-phase remained unaltered. EEM-treatment if started on the day of the LH surge, suppressed corpus luteum function in the late luteal phase. If the treatment was started later, the effect was less pronounced. The administration of both compounds did not shorten the time between ovulation and the next bleeding. After DES-treatment this interval was not altered. After EEM-treatment the subsequent bleeding was even delayed depending on slowly decreasing levels of plasma oestrogens.

EFFECT OF AMPICILLIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE EXCRETION OF TWELVE OESTROGENS IN PREGNANCY URINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Adlercreutz ◽  
F. Martin ◽  
M. J. Tikkanen ◽  
M. Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The excretion of twelve oestrogens in urine, pooled daily from a group of pregnant women, was determined before, during and after ampicillin administration (2 g/day, for 3 days). On the second day of ampicillin administration total oestrogen excretion fell to 67 % of the mean control value, oestriol excretion to 69% and that of the other eleven individual oestrogens to an average of 62 % of the mean control values. In general, on the third day of treatment and on the two post-treatment days this decrease tended to be corrected. The patterns of change in the urinary levels of the individual metabolites provided no clear lead to the basic mechanism of ampicillin impairment of oestrogen excretion. However, as the drug affected all their excretion in more or less the same way as it did that of oestriol, it is possible that ampicillin interferes primarily with their enterohepatic circulation in the mother as has been established with reasonable certainty in the case of oestriol.

Ovulation rate and survival of fertilized ova in Merino ewes selected for and against multiple births

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
AO Trounson ◽  
NW Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Group ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Peppin Merino ewes selected for (T group) and against (0 group) multiple births over a number of generations were used in an experiment designed to study the effect of selection on ovulation rate, response to exogenous gonadotrophin (1300 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin—PMSG), and their ability to support one or more embryos of their own or the other group. Fertilized eggs, collected following treatment of donors with PMSG, were transferred within and between groups at a rate of one and three per recipient. Recipients were not treated with PMSG. The mean ovulation rates of T and 0 recipients were 2.03 and 1.13, and the mean ovulatory response to PMSG of T ewes was almost 50 % greater than that of O ewes (4.76 v. 3.29 corpora lutea). The survival to birth of transferred eggs was affected by both the selection group of the egg and the selection group of the recipient, and by the number of eggs transferred. More O than T recipients lambed (77 % v. 45 %); and within O recipients, intergroup transfers were more successful than intragroup transfers (94 % v. 54% ewes lambed). A similar but not significant difference was observed in T group recipients (54% v. 38% lambed). Where three eggs were transferred, neither the selection group of the recipient nor that of the egg had any effect upon the incidence of multiple births. It is concluded that selection has operated primarily on ovulation rate, and there was some evidence of heterosis in intergroup transfers.

AMERICAN BOARD OF PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Probable Error ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Selection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Written Examination ◽  
Lower Figure ◽  
The Mean

THE 1958 written examination of the American Board of Pediatrics was taken by 540 candidates on January 10. This is a larger number of candidates than in any previous year with the exception of 1953 when 607 physicians took the test. Grades earned by the 540 candidates ranged from a low mark of 27 to a high of 85, a range satisfactorily adequate for differential selection. After considerable study, the decision was reached to place the passing grade at 51.5. On this basis there were 35 examinees or 6.5% who failed and 505 who passed and were notified of their eligibility for oral examination. Pertinent statistics follow: mean, 65.82; mode, 69.51; median, 67.05; first quartile, 59.56; third quartile, 72.51. Readers will note that the mean and the mode are 3.7 points apart and also that the range from the first quartile to the median is 7.5 points whereas the distance from the median to the third quartile is only 5.5 points. These statistics mean that the Committee continues to be successful in producing an examination that is skewed toward the lower grades. Such a distribution makes the test relatively sensitive in the critical range where a decision must be reached regarding passing or failing and relatively insensitive in selecting honor grades. Calculation of the "probable error of estimate" (P.E.m) has yielded a lower figure than in any previous year. This statistic is computed by giving each candidate two grades, one based on his even numbered questions and the other on his odd numbered questions. The degree to which the two sets of grades are in agreement is a measure of the internal consistency of the examination.

scholarly journals Fluoride kinetics in saliva after the use of a fluoride-containing chewing gum

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francisca Thereza Borro Bijella ◽  
Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti ◽  
Maria Fernanda Borro Bijella ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

There is a relationship between the use of fluoride, the reduction of dental caries and the increase of dental fluorosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fluoride kinetics in saliva after using the HappydentTM chewing gum, which contains 3.38 mg of fluoride as monofluorophosphate. Fifteen 7-9-year-old volunteers were instructed to chew the gum TridentTM (control) and HappydentTM on different days. Total saliva was collected for 3 minutes, at 0, 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after starting chewing. Salivary fluoride was analyzed with a fluoride-specific electrode (Orion 96-09) after acid hydrolysis. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and by Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). The mean amounts ± sd (mg) of fluoride released in saliva were 0.276 ± 0.126 and 0.024 ± 0.014 for HappydentTM and TridentTM respectively. The fluoride amount in the saliva samples after the use of Happydent was significantly higher than after the use of TridentTM in all experimental periods, except after 30 and 45 minutes. The high fluoride presence in saliva after the use of Happydent may be significant to prevent dental caries and this should be evaluated in clinical researches. On the other hand, children at an age of risk for dental fluorosis should avoid the use of HappydentTM.

Termination of diapause in the larva of Lucilia caesar L. (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Genetically Determined

The sheep blowfly, Lucilia caesar L., enters a facultative diapause at the end of the third larval instar immediately before puparium formation. The termination of diapause in this species, although occurring regularly over a period from 3 to 22 weeks at a constant temperature of 22 °C, was found to be accelerated significantly by exposing the diapause larvae to optimal periods of chilling at 5 °C. Suboptimal chilling periods, on the other hand, tended to prolong diapause development. The optimal requirements for diapause development were shown to be an initial chilling period of approximately 12 weeks followed by a short interval of 1–3 weeks at a temperature of 22 °C at which morphogenesis could proceed. Diapause development in L. caesar is discussed in the light of the present status of our knowledge concerning the physiological processes prerequisite to diapause termination.It has been found that the duration of diapause varies to a great extent among individual larvae, even though they are of the same parentage and subjected to the same environmental conditions. Differences also occur in the mean duration of diapause in groups of larvae from different females. It appears that these differences in diapause intensity are genetically determined.

Development of a Robust Design Process Using a New Robustness Index

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Hwang ◽  
G. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Robustness Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taguchi’S Loss Function

In product design and manufacturing, robust design leads to a product that has good quality. Robust design is reviewed in two categories: one is the process and the other is the robustness index. The process means efficient manipulation of the mean response and the variance. The robustness index indicates a measure of insensitiveness with respect to the variation. To improve existing methods, a three-step robust design (TRD) is proposed. The first step is “reduce the variance,” the second is “find multiple candidate designs,” and the third is “select the optimum robust design by using the robustness index,” Furthermore, a new robustness index is introduced in order to accommodate the characteristics of the probability of success in axiomatic design and the Taguchi’s loss function. The new robustness indices are compared with the existing ones. The developed robust design process is verified by examples and the results using the robustness index are compared with those of other indices.

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