Interaction Between the Intestinal Microbial Community and Transcriptome Profile in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

In a previous study, we found that the growth performance of the new strain of Huanghe carp is related to gene expression and bacterial community in the gut. In order to better understand the relationship between the gene expression level and bacterial abundance in the gut, we studied the growth performance, gut bacterial structure, and transcriptome profile in the 4th generation of the new carp strain (selection group) at harvesting time, and compared them with the control line (traditional Huanghe carp). Body weight, depth, width, and length increased 14.58, 7.14, 5.04, and 5.07%, respectively. The gut microbiome of the selection group also exhibited significantly higher species diversity parameters (Shannon, Simpson, and chao1). Both PCA and phylogenetic analyses divided all gut samples into two parts: control and selection group. Aeromonas was the dominant taxon in the control group, followed by Firmicutes and Roseomonas; in the selection group, Roseomonas was the dominant taxon, followed by Firmicutes and then Aeromonas. Among the 249 significantly differentially expressed genes, 194 were downregulated and 55 were upregulated. Functional GO annotation produced 13 terms in the biological process, 8 in the cellular component, and 7 in the molecular function categories. KEGG annotation indicated that most of these genes were associated with the immune-related pathways. A total of 2,892 pairs of genes (245) and baceterial genera (256) were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Most of the identified associations were mapped to the immune system, bacterial community, and cell differentiation categories. The top-10 bacterial genera identified by these analyses were Methylocystis, Ohtaekwangia, Roseomonas, Shewanella, Lutispora, GpVI, Desulfovibrio, Candidatus_Berkiella, Bordetella, and Azorhizobium. Genes paired with bacteria flora were divided into four functional categories: immune, growth, adipocyte differentiation, and nerve regulation. These genes may be related to the comparatively fast growth and high muscle polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the Huanghe carp new strain. Meanwhile, nerve regulation-related genes may be a reflection of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These results illustrate that gut bacterial community structure is associated with the growth performance and gene expression in the Huanghe carp new strain.

Heritability of productive qualities in replacement gilts of Large White breed at linear breeding

The aim of the work is to study the productivity of Large White gilts that were estimated and selected for herd replacement in the process of line formation. Within 6 generations of selection the age of live weight 100 kg achievement reduces on 6 days, fat thickness on 1,7–2,0 mm, the depth of longissimus muscle increases on 4,9 mm and lean meat output in carcass on 1.4%. The size of litter of dams in selection group increases up to 13,0 piglets, the number of pigs at weaning — to 11,4, the litter weight at 30 days — to 92,4 kg. The productivity increase of replacement pigs is caused by though not high but reliable hereditability indices, calculated according to results of dispersion analysis of data's of 968 gilts, selected from 3 sires groups and 6 dams groups of adjacent generations F2–F3, F3–F4, F4–F5. The influence of sires (factor A) is maximum for age at 100 kg weight (h2=36,5%) and for lean meat output (h2=3,3%) in dams group F3–F4; the fat thickness over 6–7 pectoral ribs (h2=4,8%) and the depth of longissimus muscle (h2=5,4%) in dams group F2–F3. The influence of dams (factor B) is low in all groups. The mutual influence of both factors apparent in dams group F3–F4 in fat thickness in three points of scanning (h2=3,8-7,9 %) and in longissimus muscle depth (h2=2,6%); in dams group F4–F5 — in 100 kg weight age (h2=6,7%) and in fat thickness over the 6–7 pectoral ribs (h2=7,0%).

BREEDING AND INDUSTRIAL GROUPS OF FULL-AGING COWS OF RED STEP BREED

An assessment of the population of red steppe breed cows by exterior and productive characteristics in the formation of production groups allocated for the degree of development of live weight, assessment of the exterior, milk yield, milk fat, milk fat, kg. The following selection parameters were calculated: for live weight - selection group X≥595 kg, production 595> X≥514 kg, marriage X<514; assessment of the exterior – selection group X≥9,46, production 9,46> X≥7,78, marriage X<7,78; for a milk yield for 305 days of lactation, a selection group X≥4481 kg, production 4481> X≥2829 kg, marriage X <2829 kg; milk fat content – selection group X≥4,35 kg, production 4,35> X≥3,99 kg, marriage X<3,99; milk fat - selection group X≥186 kg, production group 186> X≥118kg, marriage X<118 kg. Comparative assessment of the herd shows that animals of the breeding group in live weight by 18,7% exceed the breed standard, in milk yield by 8,7%, in milk fat 20,7%. Evaluation of animal grouping by milk yield shows that cows of a selection group exceed the breed standard by live weight by 6,1%, milk yield by 38,5%, milk fat by 54,3% Animals of the breeding group for milk fat exceed the breed standard by 6,1% in live weight, 36%, in milk yield, in milk fat 53,8%. The selection of the breeding group by body weight contributes to the formation of an array of animals of tall, stretched type with increased milk yield and milk fat. Cows with high milk yield differ from their peers in their greater body weight, milk yield index and milk fat productivity, and have a stretched and wide-grip physique. Uterus with high productivity in milk fat differ from their peers in greater body weight, milk yield, milk yield index, and have a more stretched constitution. For most of the identified dependencies, a significant difference was noted between the traits of different breeding groups. It should be noted that, regardless of the choice of the main feature, there is a tendency to form an array of animals that are distinguished by tall and stretched physique.

Evaluation of Etests and the disk diffusion method for assessment of the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China

Background: Gram-negative bacilli, particularly Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often acquire antimicrobial resistance. Ceftazidime-avibactam was approved for use in China in 2019. However, currently available commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test kits have not yet been developed. Here, we evaluated the Etest and disk diffusion method for assessment of the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam against Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa in China. Results: In total, 194 Enterobacterales and 77 P. aeruginosa isolates, which were divided into a random selection group (140 Enterobacterales and 54 P. aeruginosa isolates) and a stock group (46 Enterobacterales and 31 P. aeruginosa isolates), were assessed by the Etest, disk diffusion, and broth microdilution (BMD) methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and zone diameters were interpreted according to the CLSI M100 30th edition. For all 271 Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates, no very major errors were found using Etests. The overall categorical agreement rates (CA%) of Etests for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 99.5% (193/194) and 96.1% (74/77), respectively. The overall essential agreement rates (EA%) of Etests for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 95.9% (186/194) and 94.8% (73/77), respectively. In both the random selection and stock groups, EA% and CA% values of Etests exceeded 90%. Overall CA% values of the disk diffusion method for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 98.5% (191/194) and 93.5% (71/77), respectively. There was no linear relationship between zone diameter and BMD MIC. Conclusions: For Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, Etests and the disk diffusion method could have better performance as alternative methods to meet the needs of clinical treatment interpretation. Application of the disk diffusion method in Enterobacterales was superior to that in P. aeruginosa.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JIGSAW METHOD IN TEACHING SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

This research used descriptive qualitative. The writer used tenth-grade Hotel Accomodation’s students of SMK Dwi Putra Sindangkerta as a subject research. In the process of English enrolling, the writer found out the problem on the subject in grammar, especially simple present tense. This skill is a structure that often used in daily conversation. But the students has more difficulties in enrolling simple present tense while it is very important to enroll because it can help them when they meet the foreign guest in the hotel later. We teach simple present tense easier using any method. One of them is the jigsaw method. This method often used more teacher in Indonesia because of this method easy to implement it. Thus, the writer researches the student to teach simple present tense to implement jigsaw method in other to understand easier by them. The writer applies jigsaw in some steps; they are pre-activity, divided into groups, the group leader selection, group reviewion activity, submitted an assignment, and evaluation. Teaching simple present tense used jigsaw can make a enrolling effectively, and it is improving students motivation to enroll simple present tense. Keywords: AKP’s Students, Simple Present Tense, Jigsaw Method

Y chromosome effect on prenatal live weight growth of laboratory minipigs

This paper describes the results of the influence of Y-chromosome gene complex on pre- and postnatal growth of piglets of laboratory mini-pigs ICG SB RAS. Breeding group includes four genealogical lines of boars united by a successive father-son relationship. Three lines: MS2853, MS2987, and VTN300 inherited their Y chromosomes from boars of Vietnamese-South Asian breed. The fourth line (LNDR07) received Y chromosome from the Landrace boar. This study revealed that all three lines of boars carrying Asian Y chromosome did not differ in weight of newborn offspring, while the weight and, correspondingly, prenatal growth of newborns of boars carrying European Y chromosome were statistically significantly less. Thus, at this stage of research, there is reason to believe that the selection group of mini-pigs ICG SB RAS contains polymorphism in the complex of Y-chromosome genes involved in the control of prenatal growth process. An assumption was considered that growth retardation during prenatal and early postnatal periods, as well as an increased proportion of culled offspring of boars carrying European Y chromosome can be caused by poor compatibility of its gene complex with the allele pool inherited from the mini pigs ICG SB RAS from Vietnamese breed.