scholarly journals The Banff Working Group Classification of Definitive Polyomavirus Nephropathy: Morphologic Definitions and Clinical Correlations

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 680-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Nickeleit ◽  
Harsharan K. Singh ◽  
Parmjeet Randhawa ◽  
Cinthia B. Drachenberg ◽  
Ramneesh Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Morphologic Classification

Polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN) is a common viral infection of renal allografts, with biopsy-proven incidence of approximately 5%. A generally accepted morphologic classification of definitive PVN that groups histologic changes, reflects clinical presentation, and facilitates comparative outcome analyses is lacking. Here, we report a morphologic classification scheme for definitive PVN from the Banff Working Group on Polyomavirus Nephropathy, comprising nine transplant centers in the United States and Europe. This study represents the largest systematic analysis of definitive PVN undertaken thus far. In a retrospective fashion, clinical data were collected from 192 patients and correlated with morphologic findings from index biopsies at the time of initial PVN diagnosis. Histologic features were centrally scored according to Banff guidelines, including additional semiquantitative histologic assessment of intrarenal polyomavirus replication/load levels. In-depth statistical analyses, including mixed effects repeated measures models and logistic regression, revealed two independent histologic variables to be most significantly associated with clinical presentation: intrarenal polyomavirus load levels and Banff interstitial fibrosis ci scores. These two statistically determined histologic variables formed the basis for the definition of three PVN classes that correlated strongest with three clinical parameters: presentation at time of index biopsy, serum creatinine levels/renal function over 24 months of follow-up, and graft failure. The PVN classes 1–3 as described here can easily be recognized in routine renal biopsy specimens. We recommend using this morphologic PVN classification scheme for diagnostic communication, especially at the time of index diagnosis, and in scientific studies to improve comparative data analysis.

scholarly journals Quantitative spectral classification of late WC stars

1997 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Orsola de Marco ◽  
P. A. Crowther ◽  
M. J. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Definition Of

We present a revised classification scheme for late WC-type stars based on new high quality optical observations of seven stars. For consistency with the usual WC scheme (Smith, ApJ 358 229 1990), our principal diagnostic is Cvi λ5801/Ciii λ5696, while Ciii λ5696/Cii λ4267, and He II λ4686/He I λ5876 serve as secondary criteria. Our quantitative scheme forms an natural extension to the existing WC scheme and provides an unambiguous definition of subtypes, with natural breaks found between subclasses.

The patient with vasculitis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Severe Manifestation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Autoimmune Aetiology

The definition of vasculitis syndromes relies on clinical, serological, and pathological descriptions. A number of primary syndromes are recognized, of presumed autoimmune aetiology, but vasculitis may also occur as a secondary disease process. The heterogeneity of clinical presentation, low specificity of many clinical features, and mimics of other diseases complicate vasculitis diagnosis. The kidney is the most common severe manifestation for small vessel vasculitis syndromes and the severity of renal involvement predicts end-stage renal failure risk and death. Suspicion of vasculitis is key to early diagnosis and improving outcomes of vasculitis patients.The current understanding of the classification of vasculitis syndromes is presented in this chapter along with descriptions of clinical presentations, and approaches to diagnosis.

scholarly journals Wetlands and Environmental Legislation Issues

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy R. Carriker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe federal government program for wetlands regulation is administered by the United States Army Corps of Engineers pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Proposals for amending and/or reforming the Section 404 program are included in Congressional deliberations regarding Clean Water Act reauthorization. Specific issues of public policy include the definition of “waters of the United States”, criteria for delineation of jurisdictional wetlands, definition of activities exempt from regulation, mitigation and classification of wetlands, and issues of property rights.

Kambin’s triangle: definition and new classification schema

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fanous ◽  
Luis M. Tumialán ◽  
Michael Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Definition Of

Kambin’s triangle is an anatomical corridor used to access critical structures in a variety of spinal procedures. It is considered a safe space because it is devoid of vascular and neural structures of importance. Nonetheless, there is currently significant variation in the literature regarding the exact dimensions and anatomical borders of Kambin’s triangle. This confusion was originally caused by leaving the superior articular process (SAP) unassigned in the description of the working triangle, despite Kambin identifying that structure in his original report. The SAP is the most relevant structure to consider when accessing the transforaminal corridor. Leaving the SAP unassigned has led to an open-handed application of the term “Kambin’s triangle.” That single eponym currently has two potential meanings, one meaning for endoscopic surgeons working through a corridor in the intact spine and a second meaning for surgeons accessing the disc space after a complete or partial facetectomy. Nevertheless, an anatomical corridor should have one consistent definition to clearly communicate techniques and use of instrumentation performed through that space. As such, the authors propose a new surgically relevant classification of this corridor. Assigning the SAP a border requires adding another dimension to the triangle, thereby transforming it into a prism. The term “Kambin’s prism” indicates the assignment of a border to all relevant anatomical structures, allowing for a uniform definition of the 3D space. From there, the classification scheme considers the expansion of the corridor and the extent of bone removal, with a particular focus on the SAP.

Medulloblastoma incidence has not changed over time: A CBTRUS study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9058-9058
Author(s):  
P. G. Fisher ◽  
E. K. Curran ◽  
K. L. Cobb ◽  
G. M. Le ◽  
J. M. Propp
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tumor Registry ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Data Registry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acute Changes

9058 Background: Past studies of medulloblastoma (MB) present conflicting claims about declines and rises in MB incidence, possibly due to misclassification. By using a strict classification of the disease and a rigorous analysis of a data registry, we aimed to determine the incidence trends of MB over the last three decades. Methods: 441 MB patients diagnosed between 1985 and 2002 were identified from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), a data set representing approximately 5% of the American population (6 registries). MB was strictly defined and non-cerebellar embryonal tumors (primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors [PNETs]) excluded, using histology and site codes. Multiplicative Poisson regression and joinpoint regression were performed (Joinpoint Regression Program, version 3.0, Statistical Research and Applications Branch, National Cancer Institute) to determine the estimated average annual percentage change (EAPC) and sharp (i.e., acute) changes in incidence, respectively. Results: A slight but nonsignificant (p=.18) increase in medulloblastoma was demonstrated (EAPC = 1.1), and no sharp changes in incidence were found (joinpoints = 0). The analysis was repeated with a less strict definition of MB (including non-cerebellar PNETs) and 559 patients were identified. Using this broader classification scheme, there was a statistically significant increase in incidence (p=.02, EAPC = 1.6), but no sharp changes in incidence (joinpoints = 0). Conclusions: MB incidence does not appear to have changed since the 1980s. “Medulloblastoma” incidence increased only when the diagnosis was not strictly defined and misclassified by including non-cerebellar PNETs in the analysis. The observed increase in the combined MB/PNET classification may relate to the PNET hypothesis–a proposal that all brain tumors of apparently undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells be considered a unique diagnostic group–popularized in the 1980s and early 1990s. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Mathematics in Library and Review Classification Systems: An Historical Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-356
Author(s):  
Craig Fraser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
General Level ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Different Parts

The modern classification of mathematical subjects occurred within the larger framework of library classification, a project receiving sustained attention in the period from 1870 to the present. The early work of the library cataloguers was carried out against the background of a broad nineteenth-century interest in the classification of knowledge. We explore different views during this period concerning the position of mathematics in the overall scheme of knowledge, the scope of mathematics and the internal organization of the different parts of mathematics. We examine how mathematical books were classified, from the most general level down to the level of particular subject areas in analysis. The focus is on the Library of Congress Classification in its various iterations from 1905 to the present. The article ends with an examination of the Mathematics Subject Classification Scheme employed today by reviewing services Mathematical Reviews in the United States and Zentralblatt in Germany.

scholarly journals The Classification of T Dwarfs

2003 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Burgasser ◽  
Thomas R. Geballe ◽  
David A. Golimowski ◽  
Sandy K. Leggett ◽  
J. Davy Kirkpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Brown Dwarfs ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Spectral Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Joint Classification ◽  
Future Work

The discovery of many cool brown dwarfs similar to Gliese 229B has led to the definition of a new spectral class, the T dwarfs, whose 1–2.5 μm spectra exhibit signatures of CH4 absorption. Two classification schemes have been proposed for these objects by Burgasser et al. and Geballe et al. We discuss and compare these schemes, and describe a joint classification scheme currently in development that closely follows the guidelines of the MK process. We also address future work toward establishing gravity classes, classifying at other wavelengths, and identifying those features that may signify the end of the T spectral class.

Defining active sacroiliitis on MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: update by the ASAS MRI working group

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G W Lambert ◽  
Pauline A C Bakker ◽  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Ulrich Weber ◽  
Martin Rudwaleit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Asas Classification Criteria ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Active Sacroiliitis ◽  
Definition Of

ObjectivesTo review and update the existing definition of a positive MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsThe Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) MRI working group conducted a consensus exercise to review the definition of a positive MRI for inclusion in the ASAS classification criteria of axial SpA. Existing definitions and new data relevant to the MRI diagnosis and classification of sacroiliitis and spondylitis in axial SpA, published since the ASAS definition first appeared in print in 2009, were reviewed and discussed. The precise wording of the existing definition was examined in detail and the data and a draft proposal were presented to and voted on by the ASAS membership.ResultsThe clear presence of bone marrow oedema on MRI in subchondral bone is still considered to be the defining observation that determines the presence of active sacroiliitis. Structural damage lesions seen on MRI may contribute to a decision by the observer that inflammatory lesions are genuinely due to SpA but are not required to meet the definition. The existing definition was clarified adding guidelines and images to assist in the application of the definition.ConclusionThe definition of a positive MRI for classification of axial SpA should continue to primarily depend on the imaging features of ‘active sacroiliitis’ until more data are available regarding MRI features of structural damage in the sacroiliac joint and MRI features in the spine and their utility when used for classification purposes.

scholarly journals Terminology for describing normally sited and ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound: ESHRE recommendations for good practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Kirk ◽  
Pim Ankum ◽  
Attila Jakab ◽  
Nathalie Le Clef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What recommendations can be provided to improve terminology for normal and ectopic pregnancy description on ultrasound? SUMMARY ANSWER The present ESHRE document provides 17 consensus recommendations on how to describe normally sited and different types of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Current diagnostic criteria stipulate that each type of ectopic pregnancy can be defined by clear anatomical landmarks which facilitates reaching a correct diagnosis. However, a clear definition of normally sited pregnancies and a comprehensive classification of ectopic pregnancies are still lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A working group of members of the ESHRE Special Interest Group in Implantation and Early Pregnancy (SIG-IEP) and selected experts in ultrasound was formed in order to write recommendations on the classification of ectopic pregnancies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The working group included nine members of different nationalities with internationally recognised experience in ultrasound and diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. This document is developed according to the manual for development of ESHRE recommendations for good practice. The recommendations were discussed until consensus by the working group, supported by a survey among the members of the ESHRE SIG-IEP. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A clear definition of normally sited pregnancy on ultrasound scan is important to avoid misdiagnosis of uterine ectopic pregnancies. A comprehensive classification of ectopic pregnancy must include definitions and descriptions of each type of ectopic pregnancy. Only a classification which provides descriptions and diagnostic criteria for all possible locations of ectopic pregnancy would be fit for use in routine clinical practice. The working group formulated 17 recommendations on the diagnosis of the different types of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. In addition, for each of the types of ectopic pregnancy, a schematic representation and examples on 2D and 3D ultrasound are provided. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Owing to the limited evidence available, recommendations are mostly based on clinical and technical expertise. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This document is expected to have a significant impact on clinical practice in ultrasound for early pregnancy. The development of this terminology will help to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The meetings of the working group were funded by ESHRE. T.T. declares speakers’ fees from GE Healthcare. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A DISCLAIMER This Good Practice Recommendations (GPR) document represents the views of ESHRE, which are the result of consensus between the relevant ESHRE stakeholders and where relevant based on the scientific evidence available at the time of preparation. ESHRE’s GPRs should be used for informational and educational purposes. They should not be interpreted as setting a standard of care or be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care nor exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. They do not replace the need for application of clinical judgement to each individual presentation, nor variations based on locality and facility type. Furthermore, ESHRE’s GPRs do not constitute or imply the endorsement, recommendation or favouring of any of the included technologies by ESHRE.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

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