scholarly journals Urinary Aquaporin 2 and Calciuria Correlate with the Severity of Enuresis in Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1873-1881
Author(s):  
GIOVANNA VALENTI ◽  
ANTONIA LAERA ◽  
GIUSEPPE PACE ◽  
GABRIELLA ACETO ◽  
MARIA L. LOSPALLUTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nocturnal Polyuria ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Absorptive Hypercalciuria

Abstract. This study examined the hypothesis that nocturnal enuresis might be paralleled by aquaporin 2 (AQP2) urinary excretion. Eighty children who experienced nocturnal enuresis were studied and compared with 9 healthy children. The 24-h urine samples were divided into two portions: night collections and day collections. Creatinine equivalents of urine samples from each patient were analyzed by Western blotting. AQP2 levels were semiquantified by densitometric scanning and reported as a ratio between the intensity of the signal in the day urine sample versus the night urine sample (D/N AQP2 ratio). The D/N AQP2 ratio was 0.59 ± 0.11 (n = 9) in healthy children and increased to 1.27 ± 0.24 (n = 10) in a subpopulation of enuretic children who had low nocturnal vasopressin levels. In enuretic children who displayed hypercalciuria and had normal vasopressin levels, the D/N AQP2 ratio was 1.05 ± 0.27 (n = 8). These data indicate that reduced secretion of vasopressin and absorptive hypercalciuria are independently associated with an approximately twofold increase in the urinary D/N AQP2 ratio. When low nocturnal vasopressin levels were associated with hypercalciuria, a nearly threefold increase in the D/N AQP2 ratio was observed (1.67 ± 0.41, n = 11). In addition, in all enuretic patients tested, the urinary D/N AQP2 ratio correlates perfectly with the severity of the disorder (nocturnal polyuria). The findings reported in this article indicate that urinary AQP2 correlates with the severity of enuresis in children.

scholarly journals Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion in nocturnal enuresis

2001 ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Radetti ◽  
C Paganini ◽  
F Rigon ◽  
L Gentili ◽  
U Gebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Study Participants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)-aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) axis in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Twelve children (seven male and five female), aged 11.6+/-4.3 (6.7-15.6) years, suffering from primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and 12 healthy children, matched for sex and age. Enuretic children were further subdivided into responders and non-responders to treatment with 1-desamino-8-d-AVP (DDAVP). METHODS: Serum concentrations of AVP, and plasma and urine osmolality were measured at night (0100, 0400 and 0700 h), together with nocturnal urinary excretion of AQP-2 (2000-0800 h). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland was carried out to evaluate the amount of AVP stored in the posthypophysis. RESULTS: Mean AVP serum concentrations were similar in patients and controls. Urinary AQP-2 was also similar in patients and controls, but responders had a significantly lower level of AQP-2 than non-responders (P<0.005). Plasma osmolality was greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001), whereas urinary osmolality was similar in both groups. No difference in the ratio of the signal intensity of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis to that of the pons (AVP content) was found between patients and controls or between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSION: A decreased urinary excretion of AQP-2 is associated with, and seems to have a role in, nocturnal enuresis, at least in some children, and this could also explain why only some of them respond to DDAVP treatment.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 water channel protein in human and rat.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1357-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rai ◽  
K Sekine ◽  
K Kanno ◽  
K Hata ◽  
M Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Previous studies by the authors demonstrated that the response of urinary aquaporin-2 (AQP2) excretion to dDAVP (deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) infusion is an index of vasopressin action on the kidney (N Engl J Med 332: 1540-1545, 1995). In the study presented here, the characteristics of urinary excretion of AQP2 were examined further. An RIA suitable for AQP2 in the urine was established. Relatively high concentrations of detergent and bovine serum albumin in the RIA buffer allowed analysis of urine samples with a wide range of concentrations and increased the sensitivity of the assay. AQP2 in the urine existed as a high molecular weight form of approximately 190 kD by HPLC analysis. The mean urinary AQP2 concentration corrected for creatinine in spot urine samples of healthy subjects who voided in the morning was 1081 +/- 699 fmol/mg creatinine (mean +/- SD, n = 208). The amount of daily excretion of AQP2 in the urine was the same in men and women. Urinary AQP2 content was not affected by age of the subjects and showed a positive correlation with urine osmolality. Finally, the fraction of AQP2 excreted in the urine compared with whole kidney content was determined in the rat. Approximately 3% of AQP2 in the kidney was excreted daily, and this fraction did not change when rats were dehydrated for 3 d. These data demonstrate the necessity of establishing well-designed protocols to use urinary AQP2 as a marker of AVP action.

Low-calcium diet in hypercalciuric enuretic children restores AQP2 excretion and improves clinical symptoms

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. F895-F903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Valenti ◽  
Antonia Laera ◽  
Sabine Gouraud ◽  
Giuseppe Pace ◽  
Gabriella Aceto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium

In this study, we analyzed the effect of a therapeutic intervention in 46 enuretic children, 26 (57%) of whom were hypercalciuric. All the patients ( n = 46) were treated with DDAVP for 3–6 mo. The hypercalciuric patients ( n = 26) received a low-calcium diet (∼500 mg/day) for the same period. After the therapy, the bed-wetting episodes stopped in 80% of the 46 patients tested. In those patients having low-AVP levels before the therapy, circulating AVP concentration returned to normal (>4 pg/ml), and the hypercalciuria was resolved in the hypercalciuric patients (calcium/creatinine ratio <0.2). Urinary aquaporin-2 (AQP2) levels were semiquantified by densitometric scanning and reported as a ratio between the intensity of the signal in the day vs. the night urine samples (day/night AQP2 ratio). In the hypercalciuric patients, the day/night AQP2 ratio returned to values close to those found in the healthy children (from 1.19 ± 0.20 before to 0.69 ± 0.10 after the treatment, n = 26, P = 0.03). In contrast, in the normocalciuric children we saw no significant modulation of AQP2 excretion (from 1.07 ± 0.14 before to 0.99 ± 0.14 after the treatment, n = 20). This study clearly demonstrates that urinary calcium levels modulate AQP2 excretion and is likely to be useful for treatment of children with enuresis.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Detection from a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing: A Preliminary Study for the Development of a New Screening Device and a Literature Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Shoko Kure ◽  
Shinya Iida ◽  
Marina Yamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Takei ◽  
Naoyuki Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Detect Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dogs can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. This study aims to assess whether the urine sample can be used for breast cancer screening by its fingerprints of volatile organic compounds using a single trained sniffer dog. This is a preliminary study for developing the “electronic nose” for cancer screening. Methods: A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Total of 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. Results: In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancer patients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%. Conclusions: The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Although the methodological standardization is still an issue to be discussed, the current result warrants further study for developing a new breast cancer screening method based on volatile organic compounds in urine samples.

Evaluating nocturnal polyuria in Japanese children with nocturnal enuresis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Nishizaki ◽  
Taichi Hara ◽  
Kaoru Obinata ◽  
Toshiaki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Nocturnal Polyuria ◽  
Japanese Children

Urinary excretion of the water channel aquaporin 2 correlated with the pharmacological effect of tolvaptan in cirrhotic patients with ascites

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nakanishi ◽  
Masayuki Kurosaki ◽  
Takanori Hosokawa ◽  
Yuka Takahashi ◽  
Jun Itakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION BY HEALTHY CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Mary L. Voorhess
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
The Mean

There is increase in the daily urinary excretion of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) with age. The mean output in micrograms per 24 hours for various age groups is as follows: birth to 1 year-DA 60.9 (± 24.3), NE 10.6 (± 3.4), E 1.3 (± 1.2), VMA 569 (± 309); 1 through 5 years—DA 124.1 (± 40.7), NE (18.8 ± 7.0), E 3.2 (± 2.7), VMA 1348 (± 433); 6 through 15 years—DA 169.3 (± 72.6), NE 37.4 (± 16.6), E 4.8 (± 2.4), VMA 2373 (± 698); over 15 years—DA 249.1 (± 74.9), NE 50.7 (± 15.7), E 7.1 (± 3.3), VMA 3192 (± 699). The studies suggest that the daily output of these compounds in the various age groups is similar when related to body surface area after infancy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of depression and self-esteem in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Koca ◽  
Mehmet Akyüz ◽  
Bilal Karaman ◽  
Zeynep Yesim Özcan ◽  
Metin Öztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is very common and is one of the most common causes for patients to be admitted to urology, pediatrics, child psychiatry and child surgery departments. We aimed to investigate the effect on depression and self-esteem of this disorder that can cause problems on person's social development and human relations. Material and methods: 90 patients who were admitted to our clinic with complaints of nocturnal enuresis were enrolled. Investigations to rule out organic causes were performed in this group of patients. Out of them 38 children and adolescents (age range 8-18 years) with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) agreed to participate in the study In the same period 46 healthy children and adolescents with a similar age range without bed wetting complaint were included in the study as a control group. The age of the family, educational and socioeconomic level were questioned and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) forms were filled out. Results: Mean age of the cases (18 females or 47.4% and 20 males or 52.6%) was 10.76 ± 3.82 years whereas mean age of controls (26 females or 56.5% and 20 males or 43.5%) was 10.89 ± 3.11 years. Depression scale was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in the case group than in the control group (10.42 ± 4.31 vs 7.09 ± 4.35). In both groups there was no statistically significant difference by age and sex in terms of depression scale (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: NE is widely seen as in the community and is a source of stresses either for children and for their families. When patients were admitted to physicians for treatment, a multidisciplinary approach should be offered and the necessary psychological support should be provided jointly by child psychiatrists and psychologists.

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

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