scholarly journals Eye movement parameters for performance evaluation in projection-based stereoscopic display

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin ◽  
Yogi Tri Prasetyo ◽  
Retno Widyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Stereoscopic Display ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Eye Tracker

The current study applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationship among index of difficulty (ID) and parallax on eye movement time (EMT), fixation duration (FD), time to first fixation (TFF), number of fixation (NF), and eye gaze accuracy (AC) simultaneously. EMT, FD, TFF, NF, and AC were measured in the projection-based stereoscopic display by utilizing Tobii eye tracker system. SEM proved that ID had significant direct effects on EMT, NF, and FD also a significant indirect effect on NF. However, ID was found not a strong predictor for AC. SEM also proved that parallax had significant direct effects on EMT, NF, FD, TFF, and AC. Apart from the direct effect, parallax also had significant indirect effects on NF and AC. Regarding the interrelationship among dependent variables, there were significant indirect effects of FD and TFF on AC. Our results concluded that higher AC was achieved by lowering parallax (at the screen), longer EMT, higher NF, longer FD, and longer TF,

Impact of Macroergonomic Organizational Elements on the Performance of Manufacturing Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 110-142
Author(s):  
Arturo Realyvásquez ◽  
Aidé Aracely Maldonado-Macías ◽  
Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz ◽  
Julio Blanco-Fernández ◽  
Jorge Limon-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Significant Direct Effect

This chapter analyzes the effects of macroergonomic compatibility of organizational elements on the performance of manufacturing systems in terms of Clients, Manufacturing Process, and Organizational Performance. As methods, a macroergonomic compatibility questionnaire is developed, statistically validated, and administered to middle and senior managers of manufacturing companies. Also, a hypothetical causal model is proposed and tested to find relationships among the constructs by using a Structural Equation Modeling. Direct, indirect, and total effects are determined, and results show that macroergonomic organizational elements have significant direct effects among themselves. Likewise, it is found that Organizational Culture and Organizational Communication have significant direct effects over Clients and significant indirect effects over Manufacturing Process and Organizational Performance. Finally, the Manufacturing Process has significant direct effects over Clients and Organizational Performance, while Clients have a significant direct effect over the Organizational Performance.

Test, Revision, and Cross-Validation of the Physical Activity Self-Definition Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Kendzierski ◽  
Mara S. Morganstein
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Partial Invariance ◽  
Using Data

Structural equation modeling was used to test an extended version of the Kendzierski, Furr, and Schiavoni (1998) Physical Activity Self-Definition Model. A revised model using data from 622 runners fit the data well. Cross-validation indices supported the revised model, and this model also provided a good fit to data from 397 cyclists. Partial invariance was found across activities. In both samples, perceived commitment and perceived ability had direct effects on self-definition, and perceived wanting, perceived trying, and enjoyment had indirect effects. The contribution of perceived ability to self-definition did not differ across activities. Implications concerning the original model, indirect effects, skill salience, and the role of context in self-definition are discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of five public information campaigns: The role of interpersonal communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 586-602
Author(s):  
Adriana Solovei ◽  
Bas van den Putte
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Effects Of Media

AbstractFor five Dutch public information campaigns, this study assessed whether interpersonal communication mediated the effects of exposure (to TV, radio, or online banners) on five persuasive outcomes: awareness, knowledge, attitude, intention, and self-reported behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to test 23 models relating exposure to one of these outcome variables. Few direct effects of media exposure were found (for online banners, TV, and radio in, respectively, one, four, and seven of the 23 models). In contrast, results revealed that interpersonal communication had direct effects on the outcomes in 17 of the 23 models. Moreover, indirect effects of media exposure via interpersonal communication were found for online banner, TV, and radio exposure in, respectively, eight, nine, and ten models. These results indicate that interpersonal communication plays an important role in explaining media exposure persuasive effects and should be taken into account in the development and evaluation of public information campaigns.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Interdental Hygiene in a Clinical Trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-K. Tu ◽  
M. Jackson ◽  
M. Kellett ◽  
V. Clerehugh
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth

Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in dental research test the efficacy of interventions on more than one outcome variable. Univariate methods, such as the t test or analysis of covariance, cannot evaluate the efficacy of interventions on multiple outcomes simultaneously. The aim of this study was to use structural equation modeling (SEM) to re-analyze a RCT, comparing the effects of pre-curved interdental brushes and flossing on probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque indices, and bleeding on probing (BOP) measured at baseline, intermediate, and final examinations. Results of SEM showed that the observed greater reduction in PPD and BOP in persons using interdental brushing than in those flossing is due mainly to the greater efficiency in plaque removal with the interdental brushes (indirect effect) rather than to the compression of the interdental papillae (direct effect). In contrast, smokers showed less BOP at baseline but also less improvement in BOP through direct effects.

scholarly journals THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ON LATE-LIFE COGNITIVE ABILITY IN MEXICO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S788-S788
Author(s):  
Joseph Saenz ◽  
Eileen M Crimmins ◽  
Elizabeth Zelinski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects

Abstract Education and cognitive ability are closely associated. Less is known regarding mechanisms of this association. We evaluate direct effects of education on cognition and indirect effects through health and socioeconomic status (SES) in Mexico. We analyze adults age 50+ from the 2016 Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study (n=2,042). We constructed latent variables of visual and verbal cognitive abilities. Using structural equation modeling, we estimated direct effects of education on cognition and indirect effects through SES (income and wealth), and health (chronic conditions and health behaviors). Small, yet statistically significant, indirect effects of education on cognition through income, wealth, and stroke (for visual ability) and through stroke (for verbal ability) were observed. However, the majority of the association between education and cognitive ability (90% and 96% for visual/verbal cognitive ability, respectively) was not explained SES or health. Interventions to reduce disparities in late-life cognitive ability should address educational disparities in early-life.

Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Helen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals A Multidimensional Model of Fatigue in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1807-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERRY M. NICASSIO ◽  
SARAH R. ORMSETH ◽  
MARA K. CUSTODIO ◽  
MICHAEL R. IRWIN ◽  
RICHARD OLMSTEAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality

Objective.To evaluate a multidimensional model testing disease activity, mood disturbance, and poor sleep quality as determinants of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Method.The data of 106 participants were drawn from baseline of a randomized comparative efficacy trial of psychosocial interventions for RA. Sets of reliable and valid measures were used to represent model constructs. Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct effects of disease activity, mood disturbance, and poor sleep quality on fatigue, as well as the indirect effects of disease activity as mediated by mood disturbance and poor sleep quality.Results.The final model fit the data well, and the specified predictors explained 62% of the variance in fatigue. Higher levels of disease activity, mood disturbance, and poor sleep quality had direct effects on fatigue. Disease activity was indirectly related to fatigue through its effects on mood disturbance, which in turn was related to poor sleep quality. Mood disturbance also indirectly influenced fatigue through poor sleep quality.Conclusion.Our findings confirmed the importance of a multidimensional framework in evaluating the contribution of disease activity, mood disturbance, and sleep quality to fatigue in RA using a structural equation approach. Mood disturbance and poor sleep quality played major roles in explaining fatigue along with patient-reported disease activity.

Social Class, Classism, Stigma, and College Students’ Attitudes Toward Counseling

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na-Yeun Choi ◽  
Matthew J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Research University ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Public Research University ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Subjective Social Class

This study tested two competing theoretically and empirically derived models of college students’ attitudes toward seeking counseling. It extends the literature in this area by assessing the influence of objective and subjective social class, classism, and stigma on attitudes. We used structural equation modeling to analyze self-reported archival data from 2,230 incoming college students at a large, public research university in the Eastern United States. The results demonstrated the superiority of the direct and indirect effects of social class over the competing indirect effects model of social class. The results further indicated that objective social class related to attitudes toward seeking professional help indirectly through subjective social class, classism, and stigma. Finally, the results also showed that objective social class, subjective social class, and classism operated differently in the model. We discuss study limitations, future directions for research, and recommendations for practice.

Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Doping Attitudes in Sport: Motivation and Moral Disengagement

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hodge ◽  
Elaine A. Hargreaves ◽  
David Gerrard ◽  
Chris Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Motivational Climates ◽  
Performance Enhancing Drugs

We examined whether constructs outlined in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2002), namely, autonomy-supportive and controlling motivational climates and autonomous and controlled motivation, were related to attitudes toward performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sport and drug-taking susceptibility. We also investigated moral disengagement as a potential mediator. We surveyed a sample of 224 competitive athletes (59% female; M age = 20.3 years; M = 10.2 years of experience participating in their sport), including 81 elite athletes. Using structural equation modeling analyses, our hypothesis proposing positive relationships with controlling climates, controlled motivation, and PEDs attitudes and susceptibility was largely supported, whereas our hypothesis proposing negative relationships among autonomous climate, autonomous motivation, and PEDs attitudes and susceptibility was not supported. Moral disengagement was a strong predictor of positive attitudes toward PEDs, which, in turn, was a strong predictor of PEDs susceptibility. These findings are discussed from both motivational and moral disengagement viewpoints.

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