scholarly journals A review of the relation between climate variability and mass removal processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
LUIS CARLOS LEGUIZAMÓN BARRETO ◽  
JULY ROJAS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
National Level ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
The Stability

This literature review article is a product of the Research Project “Relation Between Climate Variability with Mass Removal Processes. Tunja-Páez case study”, developed in the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia in the year 2020. Introduction: This article focuses on the review of research studies and advances made during the last decade regarding the influence of climatic variability on the dynamics of slopes. Objective: To determine the influence of climatic variability in areas that present slope instability in the Tunja-Páez road corridor located in the department of Boyacá. Methods: A systematic review of information from books, manuals, reports, guides, and scientific articles on climate change, climate variability, mass removal processes, meteorological variables, and their influence on the resilience and adaptation of infrastructure related to containment and slope drainage projects. Results: The studies indicate criteria that relate temperature, precipitation and seismic activity with the occurrence of mass movements. Conclusion: Climatic anomalies in terms of precipitation and temperature has allowed research methodologies using probabilistic models to be developed for estimating the occurrence of said phenomena in future scenarios. Originality: The presented literature indicates the influence of climatic variability in the resulting mass removal processes as evidenced in studies at the global and national level. Limitations: This article scientific studies have been compiled that contrast the problems in the stability of slopes of the Tunja-Páez road corridor, without going into the details of these problems.

scholarly journals Complementary mechanisms stabilize national food production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Mahaut ◽  
Cyrille Violle ◽  
Delphine Renard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

AbstractEnsuring the temporal stability of national food production is crucial for avoiding sharp drops in domestic food availability. The average stability of individual crop yields and asynchrony among crop yield fluctuations are two candidate mechanisms to stabilize national food production. However, the quantification of their respective influence on the stability of national food production is lacking, as is the identification of the factors regulating both mechanisms. Using yield data for 138 crops and 115 countries over a 50-year period, we first show that the stability of total national yield mostly relies on the fluctuations of the yield of crops covering the largest share of cropland. The average yield stability of these crops exert a stabilizing effect on national food production that is twice as important as the one of the asynchronous yield fluctuations among them. Climate variability reduces the stability of national food production by synchronizing yield fluctuations among crops and destabilizing the yield of individual crops. However, our results suggest that increasing crop diversity can counteract the synchronizing effects of climate variability by enhancing asynchronous dynamics among crops. Irrigation can promote the average stability of individual crop yields but cannot compensate for the destabilizing effect of climate variability. Considering both the response of each crop to climatic variations and the dynamics emerging from crop baskets will help agricultural policies to ensure stable food supply at the national level.

scholarly journals Application of Polymer Curing Agent in Ecological Protection Engineering of Weak Rock Slopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Yao ◽  
Guoping Qian ◽  
Jiawu Liu ◽  
Jialiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Slope Instability ◽  
Weak Rock ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Polymer Curing ◽  
The Stability

Under the action of water, weak rock slopes easily expand and the strength and stiffness decrease, which results in slope instability. The styrene–acrylic emulsion cement-matrix composite, a new type of polymer curing agent, was developed for the curing and treatment of weak rock slopes. The strength-reduction factor method and ANSYS finite element software were used to calculate and analyze the stability of slopes before and after protection. The stability safety factor of weak rock after protection increased by 30% from 2.0 to 2.6. In order to evaluate the performance of the polymer curing agent, the mixture test was carried out in the laboratory. It was found that the waterproofness, hydrophobicity, and microstructure of weak rock slopes with the polymer curing agent can be significantly improved. Finally, the polymer curing agent was adopted and the external-soil spray-seeding technique was used in physical engineering. From test results, it was indicated that the polymer curing agent for weak slopes is beneficial in improving the water-damage resistance of a slope surface and prevent or reduce the softening of weak rock so that plants can grow for a long time. The treatment for weak rock slopes was successfully combined with plant protection, achieving the dual effect of weak rock slope protection and ecological protection.

Geotechnical assessments of the stability of slopes at the Cakmakkaya and Damar open pit mines (Turkey): a case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmi Arikan ◽  
Fatih Yoleri ◽  
Sureyya Sezer ◽  
Dincer Caglan ◽  
Bengu Biliyul
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
The Stability

Geotechnical aspects of pipeline construction in Alberta

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Marshall ◽  
Tony F. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Slope Instability ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Design Construction

Geotechnical engineering is playing an ever-increasing role in the design and construction of pipelines within the Province of Alberta and elsewhere in Canada. There is a growing geotechnical awareness developing within the pipeline industry that has been spurred, to some extent, by the high costs of geotechnical remedial measures and increased environmental concerns.This paper presents major geotechnical problems that the pipeline industry faces in the design, construction, and operation of pipelines within Alberta. Geotechnical considerations involved in the location of pipelines and specific methods incorporated in the design to ensure the stability of slopes and prevent erosion are presented. Recent improvements of existing methods used in the control of surface and subsurface water within the right-of-way are outlined.There have been cases where an operating pipeline has developed geotechnical problems, such as slope instability or severe erosion, that necessitate some form of remedial action. Methods used to monitor potentially unstable right-of-way slopes and the specific remedial measures implemented are presented.

The effect of Quaternary uplift on the stability of slopes in the central part the Skorusinske Vrchy mountains in the west Carpathians

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kovacik ◽  
R. Ondrasic
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
The West ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Uplifted Block ◽  
West Carpathians ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution

AbstractThe Skorušinské vrchy mountains are part of the West Carpathians in northwest Slovakia near the Polish border. They consist of four Palaeogene sedimentary complexes and comprise a 1500 to 2000 m thick sequence of conglomerates, claystones, flyschoid rocks and sandstones. The older complexes erop out on the margins of the mountains and are covered by relatively thin clayey soils. The central part, the most highly uplifted block, consists of Eocene calcareous sandstone which are disturbed by joints and deep-seated faults. The difference in elevation between the mountain summits and the valley floors is more than 400 m.A detailed investigation of mass movement has been carried out using aerial photographs,air borne radar and satellite imagery foliowed by a field survey.Three main types of slope deformation were identified - rock block slides along bedding surfaces, rock siumps across bedding surfaces and landslides in slope debris. The occurrence of the largest and most deep-seated slides are controlled by faults. The presence of these mass deformations indicate the existence of tilted fault blocks which are the result of neotectonic arch uplift. About 15–17% of the area covered by sandstones is affected by mass movements. This paper describes the methodology of the investigation, the mechanism and genesis of slope deformations, the occurrence and parameters of slides and the role of the Quaternary uplift in the slope instability component of regional geomorphological evolution.

scholarly journals Vertical Expansion Stability of an Existing Landfill: A Case Study of a Landfill in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hui Sheng ◽  
Yinbang Ren ◽  
Man Huang ◽  
Zhenying Zhang ◽  
Jiwu Lan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Slip Surface ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Instability Modes ◽  
Leachate Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Leachate Water

The vertical expansion of existing landfills can hold significant amounts of domestic waste and solve practical difficulties such as local government site selection. This research topic has become increasingly popular in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering. This study examined vertical expansion stability of landfills considering high leachate water level. The results showed the following. (1) Four slope instability modes for landfill vertical expansion are categorized according to the following slip surface positions: shallow slippage of the existing landfill, shallow slippage of the expanding landfill, interface slip between the existing landfill and expanding landfill, and deep slippage passes through the foundation soil. (2) The factor of safety decreases as the height of leachate level increases. When the height of leachate level rises from 2 m to 20 m, the factor of safety of the landfill is reduced by 13.2–15.4%. (3) As the vertical expansion height increases, the factor of safety of the existing landfill decreases, and when the expansion height increases to 30 m, the stability factor of safety of the old waste landfill is reduced by 4.83%. A landfill in Xi’an is considered as an example for the analysis, which shows that a leachate drainage layer can discharge leachate from the landfill body efficiently, reduce the leachate level height of the landfill body, and improve the stability of vertical expansion of the landfill. This study and its findings can be used as a reference for similar expansion projects.

A New Dynamic Prediction Method and its Application in Prediction of the Colluvial Landslides Induced by Rainfall

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Ke Qiang He ◽  
Qiang Gang Yan ◽  
Wei Gong Chen ◽  
Min Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Dynamic Parameter ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Prediction ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Xintan Landslide ◽  
The Stability

A lot of data indicates that rainfall has always played the very important role in landslide triggering. The paper discusses rainfall as a dynamic parameter in term of the load/unload response ratio theory, using the Xintan landslide as a case study. Analysis of the available data indicates that the occurrences of landslides in this region are controlled by rainfall, whose intensity and rainfall processes are the most important dynamic factors in determining the stability of slopes. Therefore, the relationship between rainfall and the movement of typical landslides has been specifically analyzed for the Xintan landslides by using the loading/unloading response ratio parameter of rainfall. The result of this study indicates that the mutation of the loading/unloading response ratio of rainfall of the Xintan landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir regions, China occurred just before their destabilization, which shows that the loading/unloading response ratio of rainfall and its changing feature can be taken as a precursor for the landslides induced by rainfall.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

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