The Theoretical and the Practical Memory Problem in the Context of the Personal Identity of a Patient Suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease – David DeGrazia’s Bioethical Standpoint

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Memory Problem ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
The Subject

The presented article illustrates David DeGrazia’s bioethical standpoint regarding the theoretical and the practical problem of memory in the context of the personal identity of a patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The first part of the article is a presentation of the theoretical problem of memory in the context of numerical and narrative identity being the center of the metaphysical theory of the human person. The second part of the article presents a practical memory problem in the bioethical case of a patient diagnosed with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The American bioethicist and philosopher David DeGrazia proposes that the theoretical solutions regarding the identity of the human person find their practical application in bioethics in resolving moral dilemmas in the health care. The final part of the article focuses on criticizing the possibilities of practical applications of theoretical solutions on the subject of the human person in the bioethical position of David DeGrazia.

scholarly journals Working Memory and the Enactment Effect in Early Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara A. Charlesworth ◽  
Richard J. Allen ◽  
Suzannah Morson ◽  
Wendy K. Burn ◽  
Celine Souchay
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Enactment Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Instruction Sequences ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease

This study examines the enactment effect in early Alzheimer’s disease using a novel working memory task. Free recall of action-object instruction sequences was measured in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (n=14) and older adult controls (n=15). Instruction sequences were read out loud by the experimenter (verbal-only task) or read by the experimenter and performed by the participants (subject-performed task). In both groups and for all sequence lengths, recall was superior in the subject-performed condition than the verbal-only condition. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease showed a deficit in free recall of recently learned instruction sequences relative to older adult controls, yet both groups show a significant benefit from performing actions themselves at encoding. The subject-performed task shows promise as a tool to improve working memory in early Alzheimer’s disease.

Technological prospecting of music therapy in Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e443101622316
Author(s):  
Murilo Bastos ◽  
Kelby Cavalheiro de Mendonça ◽  
Valquiria Camargo Lins ◽  
Eduardo Muzzolon ◽  
Deise Mara Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
The Subject

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment and progressive memory loss and drug treatments have limited efficacy. Thus, non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, have shown to be promising as supporting pharmacological treatment and, therefore, may arouse commercial interest regarding the development of this type of product. Thus, this study aims to carry out a patentometric survey on patent registrations with music therapy in the treatment of AD. A systematic search was carried out from 2000 to 2020 on the Orbti-Questel website, searching for documents referring to music therapies in AD. The terms “Alzheimer music methodology active therapy” and “Alzheimer music methodology passive therapy” were used. After searching, reading, and excluding duplicate results, we found four patent families referring to music therapy in AD and all were selected as a result, which was considered little compared to the number of studies published on the subject.

scholarly journals Behavioral and autonomic reactivity to moral dilemmas in frontotemporal dementia versus Alzheimer’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia S. Fong ◽  
Carlos David Navarrete ◽  
Sean E. Perfecto ◽  
Andrew R. Carr ◽  
Elvira E. Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity

scholarly journals Action of anti-TNF-α drugs on the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo ◽  
Filipe Fernandes Justus ◽  
Giuliano Retzlaff ◽  
Marcelo Rezende Young Blood ◽  
Marcelo Derbli Schafranski
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Subject

The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in use of an anti-TNF-α agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The patient reported is an 81-year-old Caucasian man and retired teacher, diagnosed with RA in 2008 and AD in 2011. Treatment with donepezil was started in 2011 and the use of etanercept introduced in 2012. He was previously treated with adalimumab in 2010 for 18 months. In 2013, the subject was engaged in a clinical trial to assess a complementary non-pharmacological approach for AD, presenting significant cognitive improvement during the follow-up period. We propose the hypothesis of a synergistic effect of anti-TNF-α medication used for the treatment of RA as the cause of the improvement in cognitive response observed. These findings could suggest a possible use of this drug class in the therapeutic management of AD.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Diagnostic Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Shyamasri Biswas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Potential Game ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Presymptomatic Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

The emergence of biomarkers in biologic fluids is considered an important milestone in the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research. Biomarkers are widely considered critically important for the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of the disease. It is believed that an early diagnosis of AD at a presymptomatic stage could provide the key for a successful intervention and treatment of AD. It is due to the reason that preventative and therapeutic strategies that are known to be AD stage-dependent can have a better chance of clinical success at a very early stage of the disease when critical neurons are not lost. To this end, current clinical trials are extensively being employed by taking advantage of different diagnostic biomarkers. While there has been notable progress in biomarkers for AD, the current research emphasis has been on exploring non-invasive biomarkers due to the advantages of cost-effectiveness, rapid diagnosis and significantly less medical procedural complexities that make these biomarkers potential game changer in AD diagnostics. Here, we present a bird eye view on the subject and discuss the progress made in important non-invasive biomarkers for AD.

scholarly journals Hypnosis and Neuro-degenerative Pathology, Towards a Reassurance of the Anxious Symptomatology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parra Alain ◽  
◽  
Rossi Roxanne ◽  
Vaillant Ciszewicz Anne Julie ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
The Subject

We wish, through this article to underline the therapeutic effects obtained thanks to hypnotic practices with institutionalized elderly reached (affected) by the Alzheimer’s disease. The hypnosis is effective on the behavior disorders associated to the insane pathology. She indeed allows to reduce the anxiety and the depressive character of the patient thanks to protocols which the clinician will have known suited and to adapt to the subjectivity of the subject.

scholarly journals Love in the Shadow of Oblivion: The Meaning Given to Love in Couples Living With Alzheimer’s Disease, From a Family View

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
Orit Shavit ◽  
Aaron Ben-Ze’ev ◽  
Israel (Issi) Doron
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

Abstract Aims and objectives: To deeply understand the significance of love between spouses who live with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in a familial aspect. Background: While there is extensive empirical knowledge on the subject of AD, as well as about love, little is known about love in old age, and even less is known about love between spouses who live with AD. This study is a pioneering study that describes love and relationship with AD. Design: A phenomenological qualitative research, which enables a close examination of the experience that accompanies the couple and their adult children from a family perspective that has not yet been examined. It belongs to the stream of Social Constructivism whereby the purpose of interviewing more than one family member was used to capture the process by which family members construct their identity as individuals and as a family unit. Methods: Forty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with n = 15 triads including the couple and their adult child, based on Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Three central themes emerged: (1) The meaning of AD, (2) Continuity and discontinuity of love prior and with AD, (3) The meaning of love in coupled living with AD. Conclusions: Commitment with AD is a moral-ethical obligation, and not necessarily because of love, due to the increasing price of separation. Future research is discussed. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, Love, Relationship, Meaning, couples

Identità e autonomia: due nozioni alla prova del morbo di Alzheimer / Identity and autonomy: two notions at the test bed of Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-463
Author(s):  
Stefano Fuselli
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Practical Level

Il morbo di Alzheimer è una patologia i cui effetti non sono dirompenti solo sul piano pratico, per i pazienti e i loro familiari o per il sistema socio-assistenziale, ma anche sul piano concettuale. Esso infatti mette a dura prova le correnti nozioni di identità e autonomia del soggetto, con notevoli conseguenze, prima ancora che sul piano pratico, sul piano teorico. Muovendo dal dibattito bioetico attuale, questo contributo intende portare allo scoperto quanto nel dramma dell’Alzheimer si manifesta circa la nozione di identità e di autonomia. La prospettiva prescelta non è pratica ma è teoretica, volta cioè non tanto al da-farsi ma al da-guardarsi. ---------- The effects of Alzheimer’s Disease are disruptive on a practical level for patients and their families as well as for the healthcare system. They are also disruptive on a conceptual level, because they challenge the current notions of identity and autonomy of the subject. The consequences are relevant first and foremost from a theoretical point of view rather than from a practical one. By considering the present debate in bioethics, this contribution aims to shed light on what AD can reveal about the notions of identity and autonomy. The perspective is a theoretical rather than a practical one, because it focuses on what has to be looked at rather than on what has to be done.

Conceptual apraxia in probable Alzheimer's disease as demonstrated by the Florida Action Recall Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD L. SCHWARTZ ◽  
JOHN C. ADAIR ◽  
ANASTASIA M. RAYMER ◽  
DAVID J.G. WILLIAMSON ◽  
BRUCE CROSSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Sensitive Measure ◽  
Action Semantics ◽  
The Subject

Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have difficulties associated with semantic knowledge. Therefore, conceptual apraxia, a defect of action semantics and mechanical knowledge, may be an early sign of this disease. The Florida Action Recall Test (FLART), developed to assess conceptual apraxia, consists of 45 line drawings of objects or scenes. The subject must imagine the proper tool to apply to each pictured object or scene and then pantomime its use. Twelve participants with Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS–ADRDA criteria) and 21 age- and education-matched controls were tested. Nine Alzheimer's disease participants scored below a 2-standarddeviation cutoff on conceptual accuracy, and the three who scored above the cutoff were beyond a 2-standard-deviation cutoff on completion time. The FLART appears to be a sensitive measure of conceptual apraxia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. (JINS, 2000, 6, 265–270.)

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