Hepatic echinococcosis: difficulties in diagnosis at the early stages of progression and with complications (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
G. G. Karmazanovsky ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
E. V. Kondratyev ◽  
V. I. Stashkiv
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Cystic Neoplasms ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
Nonparasitic Cyst ◽  
Hepatic Echinococcosis ◽  
Difficult Cases

To demonstrate the possible difficulties in the diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis, that a specialist in ultrasound diagnostics and a radiologist may encounter in everyday practice, russian and foreign literature as well as our own experience have been reviewed. With high accuracy and specificity of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of echinococcal cysts, incorrect interpretation is possible in the presence of mural hemorrhages and (or) hemorrhagic clots in a nonparasitic cyst, which aren’t also visible in ultrasonography and can imitate elements of the chitinous membrane. The degree of prevalence of the process, the exclusion of damage to the lungs and other organs of the abdominal cavity are important. In such cases CT scan is the most convenient and accurate diagnostic method due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, standardization and availability. In the most difficult cases the capabilities of MRI are used in the comparison of diffusion-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient, which also makes it possible to diagnose cystic neoplasms. Ultrasonography is a diagnostic technology that is still the most commonly used to differentiate cavity structures; however, all dubious clinical observations should be further examined by using CT or MRI.

FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES IN COVID-19 IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL SYNDROME: DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
S.S. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
Yu.G. Pyattoev ◽  
N.B. Guseva ◽  
M.V. Leukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Mesenteric Adenitis ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The authors describe clinical observations of children with acute mesenteric adenitis with PCRconfirmed COVID-19 infection. Attention during ultrasound diagnostics is drawn to the condition of the lymph nodes – mesenteric adenitis in COVID-19 infection was manifested by a significant increase in the size of the nodes – more than 15 mm, a large number of nodes in the cut with a tendency to form a conglomerate, a more rounded shape, significantly increased blood flow, a reaction of the peritoneum in the form its thickening and the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Unusual for a «ordinary» respiratory viral or intestinal infection type of lymph nodes was the only sign that distinguishes the manifestations of mesenteric infection in COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Experimental research on the origin of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
N. Aleksenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Wound ◽  
Middle Line ◽  
Clinical Observations

Fusion of intestines and omentum after surgery, mainly with an abdominal wound, is a frequent phenomenon, proven by a number of clinical observations during repeated operations in the same subjects. Meanwhile, the question of the reasons for such a phenomenon, despite attempts to experimentally resolve it (Snger, Dembowski, Kelterborn), remains open to this day. According to the opinion of the last mentioned authors, the main cause of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after operations is infection, the accretion of the omentum to the middle line is caused by the release of air and the local inflammatory process; further - sloughing of the epithelium and scars of the peritoneum in uncomplicated cases do not give adhesions, ligatures in the abdominal cavity for the most part also do not cause adhesions, but show a tendency to encapsulate.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Diagnostics of the Nature and Duration of Abdominal Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
O. P. Babkina ◽  
◽  
S. I. Danylchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the study was to study a complex of changes in ultrasound parameters of injured tissues of the liver, spleen, pancreas in mechanical trauma and their dependence on the nature and duration of injury. Materials and methods. Ultrasound examinations were performed in 60 injured patients (41 males and 19 females) aged 20 to 60 years old in the dynamics as for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days after injury. Puncture, transverse and oblique scans from all possible accesses were used. The conditions of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys were studied. Results and discussion. In the course of the studies, a high number of injuries to the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs was demonstrated; it was proved that isolated liver injuries were observed in 32%, in 68% the liver injury was combined with injuries of other abdominal organs. We observed isolated damage to the pancreas in 10%, in the remaining 90%, the injury to the pancreas was combined with damage to the liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, spleen, and intestines. Isolated injuries of the spleen were observed in 31% of patients; in other cases, the injury to the spleen was combined with injuries of other organs of the abdominal cavity. We observed isolated kidney damage in almost 15%. In 85% of cases, kidney damage was observed in combination with injuries of other parenchymal organs. It has been demonstrated that in the area of injured tissues of the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys with blunt trauma to the abdomen in persons with no signs of alcohol intoxication, regular ultrasound changes are observed, which are in direct proportion to the time elapsed since the injury was caused. The main ultrasound signs of liver damage were ruptures of the parenchyma with the formation of intra-parenchymal or subcapsular hematomas. In general, for almost all the injured people the following sings were characteristic as an increase in liver size (often due to increased part of damage), heterogeneity of structure, blurred contours and their discontinuity, presence of hypo- and anechoic areas (hematomas) on the background of intact parenchyma. Characteristic ultrasound criteria of pancreatic damage in the first day are the lack of clear contours of the gland, their discontinuity, increase in the size of the gland, the presence of hypoechoic areas of different sizes. At ultrasound examination of the spleen, the main signs of its damage are the heterogeneity of the parenchyma and the presence of anechoic structure and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. In 69% of cases, the main sings were blurred and uneven contours of the spleen, as well as an increase in its size. Characteristic features of renal hematoma are an increase in their size, heterogeneity of structure with increasing echogenicity of the parenchyma, blurred contours and their discontinuity. Conclusion. It has been proven that it is advisable to use in a complex of changes in the parenchymal organs revealed by ultrasound examinations, both in cases of isolated organ trauma, and in cases of combined trauma of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal organs, to determine the time of causing damage, since it makes it possible to increase the objectivity of the results of establishing the duration of the injury

Adding Technology to Diagnostic Methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-298
Author(s):  
John Radke, BM, MBA
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Subject ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

Adding modern technology to clinical diagnostic methods instead of replacing them, represents an improvement in patient care, because objective bio-physiologic measurements enhance the information obtained from the patient report of symptoms and the clinical observations made during a patient examination. Combining multiple tests has universally been acknowledged to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The increased objectivity of bio-physiologic measurements that represent quantifiable data for diagnostic purposes also adds value to treatment monitoring and/or outcome assessments. The most recent evidence suggests that the emotional aspects of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), are more the result of pain and dysfunction than the cause. This chapter discusses several dental technologies that are now available that provide objective bio-physiologic measurements of masticatory functions. Bio-physiologic measurements have the capacity to provide detailed, objective analysis. Each diagnostic technology is illustrated with an example of its output data, recorded from both an asymptomatic subject, as well as a patient with masticatory dysfunction. Of significance when considering employing these instruments is that a dentist can use these technologies to improve the initial diagnostic accuracy, and also to verify the degree of success after rendered treatment. Finally, recommendations are provided that dental medicine should accept the use of modern digital technology as an indispensable part of modern clinical practice, and that resistance to its implementation should no longer inhibit its widespread clinical use.

scholarly journals Normalized Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Prognostication of Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Jai Shiva Shankar ◽  
Adil Bata ◽  
Krista Ritchie ◽  
Andrea Hebb ◽  
Simon Walling
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

AbstractBackground: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known to have poor prognosis, with no available imaging marker that can predict survival at the time of diagnosis. Diffusion weighted images are used in characterisation of cellularity and necrosis of GBM. The purpose of this study was to assess whether pattern or degree of diffusion restriction could help in the prognostication of patients with GBM. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 84 consecutive patients with confirmed GBM on biopsy or resection. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. The total volume of the tumor and total volume of tumor showing restricted diffusion were calculated. The lowest Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) in the region of the tumor and in the contralateral Normal Appearing White Matter were calculated in order to calculate the nADC. Treatment and follow-up data in these patients were recorded. Multivariate analsysis was completed to determine significant correlations between different variables and the survival of these patients. Results: Patient survival was significantly related to the age of the patient (p<0.0001; 95% CI-1.022-1.043) and the nADC value (p=0.014; 95% CI-0.269-0.860) in the tumor. The correlation coefficients of age and nADC with survival were −0.335 (p=0.002) and 0.390 (p<0.001), respectively. Kaplan Meier survival function, grouped by normalized Apparent Diffusion Coefficient cut off value of 0.75, was significant (p=0.007). Conclusion: The survival of patients with GBM had small, but significant, correlations with the patient’s age and nADC within the tumor.

scholarly journals Uterine torsion in the mare: diagnosis, operation methods and prognosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Maciej Witkowski ◽  
Bernard Turek ◽  
Marek Tischner
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Linea Alba ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Uterine Torsion ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

The aim of the study was to present clinical observations regarding the reposition of uterine torsion in pregnant mares. Treatments were performed in 10 mares hospitalized with a diagnosis of uterine torsion in the period from the 8th to the 11th month of pregnancy, including one mare treated during delivery. In 4 mares, obstetric examination revealed the presence of dead fetuses. In one mare admitted during labor, Kamer's repositioning technique was applied by inserting a hand through the vagina into the uterus. In all other cases, mares underwent surgical repositioning after laparotomy performed in linea alba. In 4 mares, in which the uterine wall was at risk of rupture during handling because of advanced changes, a caesarean section was performed before repositioning. Eight out of the 9 mares survived treatment and recovered without complications. One of five mares in which live fetuses were left, miscarried, while the other four delivered healthy foals. Uterine torsion reposition by midline laparotomy offers the best possibilities for inspecting the abdominal cavity, including the uterus, and for detecting any other abnormalities of the digestive system. In the case of mares in which fetuses were left, spontaneous delivery had no adverse effect on the healing of the wound.

scholarly journals Clinical case of acute pancreatitis in dogs

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Smilyk ◽  
◽  
T. P. Lokes-Krupka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Feeding Regimen

At present the disease called pancreatitis has become widespread not only among humans, but also among animals, including dogs. It is not only difficult to diagnose, but also to treat. The main cause is considered to be improper feeding of the animal, which can include fatty feed, various spices, sweets, etc. Even the same irregular feeding regimen can lead to pancreatitis. To diagnose this disease, various scientists offer different methods of research: ranging from general and biochemical blood tests to ultrasound diagnostics of the abdominal cavity. We conducted a study of the clinical case of acute form of pancreatitis in the dog breed pug, aged 1 year and 3 months. The main clinical features of the disease were general weakness and frequent vomiting seen over several days. It was also found the main etiologic factor - the wrong feeding regimen of the young organism and formed as a result of this distorted appetite. Elevated hematocrit and erythrocytosis indicate dehydration. Moderate monocytosis and neutrophilia with a shift to the left, as well as lymphopenia are indicators of stress and significant inflammation. Concentration ability of the kidneys is not impaired, as evidenced by urine analysis. Hyperglycemia is possibly stress related. Hypercholesterolemia and increased ALP activity are the result of cholestasis syndrome. A decrease in the concentration of phosphorus, urea and creatinine may indicate a violation of feeding, namely a low-protein diet, possibly even starvation. A strong increase in the activity of the enzymes amylase and lipase, along with the history data and changes in the leukocyte formula, as well as ultrasound confirm the diagnosis of pancreatitis. The therapy included active intravenous infusion of solutions to maintain metabolic processes together with analgesics, namely 0.9 % sodium chloride solution - 300 ml per day (with the addition of 2 % lidocaine solution), Ringer's lactate solution - 154 ml per day, and drugs to reduce pain and the growth of pathogenic bacteria: serenia - 0.3 ml once a day, Sinulox - 0.3 ml, once a day. Infusion therapy was carried out at a constant rate using a perfuser. Diet therapy for pancreatitis is a fairly important link in any treatment regimen. At the end of the 3rd day in the hospital, Rocky began to drink water, it was recommended to give him a small amount (about a tablespoon) chopped and diluted with warm, boiled water, dietary food Gastro Intestinal Low Fat from Royal Canin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document