scholarly journals Ultrasound Diagnostics of the Nature and Duration of Abdominal Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
O. P. Babkina ◽  
◽  
S. I. Danylchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the study was to study a complex of changes in ultrasound parameters of injured tissues of the liver, spleen, pancreas in mechanical trauma and their dependence on the nature and duration of injury. Materials and methods. Ultrasound examinations were performed in 60 injured patients (41 males and 19 females) aged 20 to 60 years old in the dynamics as for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days after injury. Puncture, transverse and oblique scans from all possible accesses were used. The conditions of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys were studied. Results and discussion. In the course of the studies, a high number of injuries to the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs was demonstrated; it was proved that isolated liver injuries were observed in 32%, in 68% the liver injury was combined with injuries of other abdominal organs. We observed isolated damage to the pancreas in 10%, in the remaining 90%, the injury to the pancreas was combined with damage to the liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, spleen, and intestines. Isolated injuries of the spleen were observed in 31% of patients; in other cases, the injury to the spleen was combined with injuries of other organs of the abdominal cavity. We observed isolated kidney damage in almost 15%. In 85% of cases, kidney damage was observed in combination with injuries of other parenchymal organs. It has been demonstrated that in the area of injured tissues of the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys with blunt trauma to the abdomen in persons with no signs of alcohol intoxication, regular ultrasound changes are observed, which are in direct proportion to the time elapsed since the injury was caused. The main ultrasound signs of liver damage were ruptures of the parenchyma with the formation of intra-parenchymal or subcapsular hematomas. In general, for almost all the injured people the following sings were characteristic as an increase in liver size (often due to increased part of damage), heterogeneity of structure, blurred contours and their discontinuity, presence of hypo- and anechoic areas (hematomas) on the background of intact parenchyma. Characteristic ultrasound criteria of pancreatic damage in the first day are the lack of clear contours of the gland, their discontinuity, increase in the size of the gland, the presence of hypoechoic areas of different sizes. At ultrasound examination of the spleen, the main signs of its damage are the heterogeneity of the parenchyma and the presence of anechoic structure and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. In 69% of cases, the main sings were blurred and uneven contours of the spleen, as well as an increase in its size. Characteristic features of renal hematoma are an increase in their size, heterogeneity of structure with increasing echogenicity of the parenchyma, blurred contours and their discontinuity. Conclusion. It has been proven that it is advisable to use in a complex of changes in the parenchymal organs revealed by ultrasound examinations, both in cases of isolated organ trauma, and in cases of combined trauma of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal organs, to determine the time of causing damage, since it makes it possible to increase the objectivity of the results of establishing the duration of the injury

FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES IN COVID-19 IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL SYNDROME: DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
S.S. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
Yu.G. Pyattoev ◽  
N.B. Guseva ◽  
M.V. Leukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Mesenteric Adenitis ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The authors describe clinical observations of children with acute mesenteric adenitis with PCRconfirmed COVID-19 infection. Attention during ultrasound diagnostics is drawn to the condition of the lymph nodes – mesenteric adenitis in COVID-19 infection was manifested by a significant increase in the size of the nodes – more than 15 mm, a large number of nodes in the cut with a tendency to form a conglomerate, a more rounded shape, significantly increased blood flow, a reaction of the peritoneum in the form its thickening and the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Unusual for a «ordinary» respiratory viral or intestinal infection type of lymph nodes was the only sign that distinguishes the manifestations of mesenteric infection in COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals АLGORITHM OF RADIATION EXAMINATION OF HIVINFECTED PATIENTS WITH ACUTE STOMACH SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
N. V. Klimova ◽  
A. A. Gaus ◽  
U. В. Ilyina ◽  
T. N. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Hollow Organ

The purpose of the work: development and generalization of the algorithm of radiation examination of HIV-infected patients with acute abdominal syndrome. Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of examination of 92 patients who were on treatment in the surgical department for the period from 2010 to 2017. The specificity and sensitivity of ultrasound diagnostics, radiography, contrast methods and magneto-contrast methods were evaluated. Results. To improve the methods of rendering specialized medical care to HIV-infected patients entering the clinic of an acute abdomen, it is advisable to use the syndromic approach, which provides for the allocation of syndromes of acute intestinal obstruction, a widespread inflammatory process of the abdominal cavity, a limited inflammatory process of the abdominal cavity and perforation syndrome of the hollow organ. Diagnostic possibilities of the survey radiography and ultrasound of the abdominal organs in these patients are limited due to hyperpneumatization of the intestine and the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Contrast study of the gastrointestinal tract (passage of barium) is contraindicated in case of suspected perforation of the hollow organ, which often occurs in this category of patients. Multispiral computed tomography is the method of choice for examining HIV-infected patients with acute abdominal syndrome, because it allows, and quickly, to answer many tactical questions, provides the possibility of performing therapeutic manipulations under CT control (percutaneous aspiration of pathological fluid accumulations, drainage of abscesses, establishment nephro-, cholecysto-, cholangiostom). The use of the method of magnetic resonance imaging is limited because of the severe condition of patients and is applicable for assessing the effectiveness of the therapy for liver abscesses, diagnosis of heart attacks and abscesses of the spleen, development and description of the survey algorithm.

Pathology spectrum of kidney damage in Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma/leukemia, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in the real practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 239936932110400
Author(s):  
Elena V Zakharova ◽  
Tatyana A Makarova ◽  
Ekaterina S Stolyarevich ◽  
Olga A Vorobyeva
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Damage ◽  
Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Lymphoid Infiltration ◽  
Almost All

Background: Kidney damage in lymphomas/leukemia’s presents with either acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or both; and whilst AKI leads to evaluation often based on the clinical data, in some AKI and in almost all CKD cases kidney biopsy gives a clue to the diagnosis. Methods: A single center non-interventional retrospective study identified 36 patients with biopsy-proven kidney damage: 6 with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), 18 with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma/leukemia (NHL/CLL), and 12 with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Results: Fifty-eight percent males and 42% females mean age 56.2 ± 17.4 years, presented with nephrotic syndrome in 47.2%, and with AKI in 11.1% of cases; 75% of patients diagnosed with CKD; in 13.9% AKI was superimposed on CKD. Patients with NHL/CLL presented with AKI significantly more often compared to HL and LPL—44% versus 16.6% versus 0 respectively. Monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg) related glomerulopathies (GP) were found in 83.3% versus 16.6% cases in the LPL and NHL/CLL sub-groups, respectively ( p = 0.013). Patterns of damage included intracapillary monoclonal deposition disease, light and heavy chain amyloidosis, monotypic membranous nephropathy (MN), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (GN) and C3-GN in the LPL; and monotypic MN and proliferative GN with MIg deposits in the NHL/CLL sub-groups respectively. Paraneoplastic GPs were found in 83.3%, 38.8%, and 16.6% of patients with HL, NHL/CLL, LPL, respectively (HL vs LPL, p < 0.001), and included minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and IgA-nephropathy in the HL; membranoproliferative GN, MN, and MCD in NHL/CLL; and FSGS in the LPL sub-groups. Tubulointerstitial damage revealed in NHL/CLL sub-group only, and found in every other case with 80% of lymphoid infiltration. Conclusions: Pattern glomerular damage depends on lymphoma type: paraneoplastic GPs are typical for HL, MIg-related GPs dominate in LPL, NHL/CLL presents mainly as paraneoplastic with single MIg-related patterns. Tubulointerstitial damage due to specific kidney infiltration attributable to NHL/CLL.

scholarly journals USAGE OF HISTOLOGICAL METHODS IN DETERMINING THE PRESCRIPTION OF KIDNEY INJURIES IN FORENSIC MEDICAL PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 988-992
Author(s):  
Olena P. Babkina ◽  
Volodymyr V. Zosimenko ◽  
Svitlana I. Danylchenko ◽  
Andriy A. Chernozub ◽  
Illia I. Vako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Moment

Introduction: The article presents data from literary sources and a statistical analysis of our own research on the nature, mechanism and prescription of kidneys injury in case of mechanical trauma and the absence of alcohol intoxication. The aim: To study the dynamics of changes in the histological parameters of the kidneys injured tissues in case of mechanical trauma depending on the prescription of injury. Materials and methods: The material of the study was the kidneys tissue of 48 males and females aged from 20-60 who died at known and unknown time in the presence and absence of alcohol in the blood. We used histological, histochemical methods, and carried out the analysis of results. Results: The obtained results showed that during the mechanical injury of kidneys there often developed a capsule and a parenchyma with hematoma in the area of injury. Our records showed that during the first 6 hours after injury, there appeared a hematoma in the center of the injury. Hemolysis of the erythrocyte particles was observed in the center of the hematoma. There were also isolated leukocytes and fibrin tissues closer to the edge of the hematoma. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that there are several histological changes in the damaged kidneys tissues area which directly depend on the time which passed from the moment of injury.

PROTETIVE COLOSTOMY IN FOURNIER’S GANGRENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Lucas Yago Souza Schmidt ◽  
DOWGLAS PEREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
Constância Madami Nzonzi Canda ◽  
Ellen Cristina Ferreira Peixoto ◽  
Pedro Manuel Gonzalez Cuellar
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Perineal Region ◽  
Women And Children

Fournier's Gangrene is a rapidly evolving polymicrobial necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, perianal, and genital region, extending to the thigh root, abdominal wall and retroperitoneum, which rarely affects women and children, with an overall incidence rate of 1,6 cases per 100,000 men / year and a peak incidence after the age of 50. Incomplete hygiene, exacerbated skin folds, mechanical trauma, prolonged catheterization and invasive procedures, as well as comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, chronic alcoholism, hypertension, immunosuppression, HIV, cancer patients, and chronic diseases are factors that predispose to the appearance of the lesion.The objective of the study is to report the case of a female patient, 43 years old, without comorbidities, with a picture of Fournier's gangrene in the perineal region and genitalia, accompanied by the General Surgery Service of the General Public Hospital of Palmas - TO, and submitted to colostomy in a descending loop as a protective measure of choice for the spread of the infection to the abdominal cavity, interrupting the progression of the disease.

Intestinal lymphoma in a Boxer breed dog – case report

2019 ◽  
Vol XXIV (142) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Sayonara da Luz Ferro ◽  
Fernanda Jönck ◽  
Marta Cristina T. Heckler ◽  
Ewerton Cardoso ◽  
Mateus Rychescki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Intestinal Lymphoma ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Tissue Biopsy

Intestinal lymphoma is the second most common form of lymphoma in dogs. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract or mesenteric lymph nodes. The chief clinical signs are vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. The diagnosis is made through fine needle aspiration and cytology, or by tissue biopsy and histopathology, and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma in a five years old Boxer, presented with history of hematochezia and lethargy of 7 days duration, and 20 days of anorexia and persistent weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity, and an intestinal mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a tissue biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, but the patient died during the surgical procedure.

Characteristic of basic tools of mobile learning in informatics

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
I. V. Izhdeneva
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Educational Potential

The article actualizes the possibilities of mobile learning based on the use of mobile devices and technologies available to almost all students. Various approaches to the definition of the concept of "mobile learning" are analyzed, including techno-centric and information-centric approaches. The concept of mobility as one of the attributes of learning tools is revealed. The importance of mobile learning in the current difficult situation of distance learning during the pandemic is substantiated. The characteristic features of mobile learning are highlighted, affecting its main functions, learning tools and independence from the time and place of learning. Possible directions for the implementation of mobile learning are characterized, from simple transfer of educational content to compliance with basic educational theories. From the point of view of the functioning and directions of development of mobile learning, its basic principles in teaching informatics are formulated. The types of students' activities are briefly characterized; some advantages of mobile learning are highlighted and its features as visualization, interactivity, efficiency of use in teaching children with disabilities are characterized. Some popular educational apps for mobile devices are considered, their characteristics are given, and their educational potential is revealed. Examples of mobile applications are given, the use of which in informatics lessons will help to activate the educational and cognitive activity of students and stimulate them to engage in informatics, coding and robotics.

The Influence of Alcohol Intoxication on Adolescent Sexual Intercourse and Contraception Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1413
Author(s):  
Richard B. Felson ◽  
Jukka Savolainen ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Spurious Association ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Home Interview ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

We use the method of situational decomposition in an attempt to identify the causal effect of alcohol intoxication on adolescent sexual intercourse and contraception use. This approach assumes that the relationship between frequency of alcohol intoxication and behavior while sober is entirely spurious. With this in mind, the total association between drinking and behavior can be decomposed into spurious and “non-spurious” (i.e., causal) components. The larger the magnitude of the total association relative to the spurious association, the larger the influence of alcohol on behavior. This method was employed to analyze data from the first wave of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in-home interview ( N = 20,743). The results suggest that almost all of the relationship between alcohol and sexual intercourse is spurious. On the contrary, alcohol intoxication was found to reduce the use of contraceptives during sexual intercourse, especially among boys.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Dynamic Migration of Gr-1high Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in the Murine Abdominal Cavity

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Fumio Ishikawa ◽  
Toshihiko Fujikawa ◽  
Shigekazu Nagata ◽  
Keizo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg) in mice resulted in the disappearance of almost all proteose peptone-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with high-level fluorescence for the cell surface marker Gr-1 (Gr-1high) at 15 min postinjection, followed by doubling of their proportion at 30 min postinjection. High staining levels of 3′-acetyl-2′-carboxyl-6′,7′-(dihyropyran-2′-one)-5 or 6-carboxyfluorescein diacethoxylmethyl ester-labeled PMNs injected into the peritoneal cavity were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes 15 min postinjection of LPS. Therefore, the time of decrease of Gr-1high PMNs coincided with that of the increase in cell accumulation in mesenteric lymph nodes. Since milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), which is secreted by macrophages, bound many PMNs exhibiting Gr-1high and Gr-1medium at 30 min postinjection of LPS, the staining level of annexin V on those cells was very low because its binding site is the same as the receptor for MFG-E8. At 60 min postinjection of LPS, the proportion of Gr-1high PMNs decreased, and almost all Gr-1medium PMNs tended to shift to the right compared with those at 30 min postinjection. The geomeans of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression on PMNs at 15, 30, and 60 min postinjection of LPS were 63, 66, and 24%, respectively, compared with that on normal PMNs, indicating that the expression of TLR4 decreases in response to exposure to LPS. Our results suggest that LPS induced PMN death and that many PMNs expressing Gr-1high undergo apoptosis 180 min postinjection of LPS.

scholarly journals Rupture of rudimentory horn pregnancy with catastrophic haemorrhage

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Lalita Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rudimentary Horn

A 20 yrs primigravida who had attended antenatal clinic 2 weeks back, presented with shock acute abdomen and jaundice at 18 weeks of gestation. Clinically their was evidence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ultrasonography showed dead fetus with haemoperitoneum which was massive at laparotomy. There was rupture of the rudimentary horn on the left side. This was attached to the normal uterus with the broad band. The placenta and fetus in a sac was lying in the peritoneal cavity. The tubes and ovaries on both sides were found normal. Key Words: Rudimentary horn, hemoperitoneum, acute abdomen in second trimester.   doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1461 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 75 - 77

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