Plasma Levels of Tryptophan Metabolites in Healthy Young and Old Men and Women, and Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Background: When compared to people without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), people with T2DM have an increase in fracture risk despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). Many studies in Caucasians demonstrated that trabecular bone score (TBS) is lower in people with T2DM than those without. The utility of TBS as a fracture risk assessment tool in Asians with T2DM is currently unclear. Objective: To compared lumbar spine (LS) BMD and TBS in Thais with or without T2DM and investigate the correlation between TBS and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes duration in participants with T2DM. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study that included 97 participants with T2DM (37 men and 60 women) and 342 participants without T2DM (174 men and 168 women). LS-BMD and TBS were obtained. Results: Men and women with T2DM were older and had higher body mass index (BMI). Men with T2DM had significant higher LS-BMD (1.051±0.166 versus 0.972±0.125, p=0.009) and non-significant lower TBS (1.333±0.084 versus 1.365±0.096, p=0.055) than those without. Similarly, women with T2DM had significant higher LS-BMD (0.995±0.155 versus 0.949±0.124, p=0.021) and lower TBS (1.292±0.105 versus 1.382±0.096, p<0.001). After adjusting for age and BMI, T2DM predicted higher BMD in men (p<0.001), but not in women (p=0.143). T2DM was not associated with TBS after adjusting for age and BMI in both genders (p=0.403 and p=0.151 in men and women, respectively). TBS did not correlate with HbA1c in both genders. However, TBS was non-significantly associated with diabetes duration in women (p=0.073), but not in men (p=0.639). Conclusion: T2DM significantly predicted higher LS-BMD only in men and was not independently associated with TBS in both genders. These data highlighted that, in T2DM, there was some variation in the clinical usefulness of BMD and TBS in predicting osteoporotic fractures with regard to clinical characteristic of participants. Keywords: Bone mineral density, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Trabecular bone score

Download Full-text

Relationship among HbA1c and Some Markers of Endothelial Damage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

International Blood Research & Reviews ◽

10.9734/ibrr/2019/v9i230097 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ifeanyichukwu Martin Ositadinma ◽

Ngwu Amauche Martina ◽

Eluke Blessing Chekwube

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽

Activator Inhibitor

Background: A number of processes regulating the thrombolytic balance are impaired in diabetic patients as a result of dysfunction of endothelial cells leading to a hypercoagulative state. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an important marker of endothelial dysfunction. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1-Ag), the major physiological inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is mainly produced by endothelium. The aim of this study is to measure plasma levels of von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to correlate with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Study Design: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 diagnosed type 2 DM patients who were about to start treatment. Place and Duration of Study: Medical outpatient (MOP) clinic of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTTH), between January and December 2016. Methodology: We included 30 patients (13 men, 17 women; age range 40-80 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were drawn from the patients before they commenced treatment, six months into the treatment and at twelve months of the treatment. Blood samples were also drawn from 25 age matched non diabetic patients. Plasma von Willebrand factor and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen levels were determined by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were also evaluated along with them. Results: This study was conducted on 30 type 2 DM patients consisting of 13 males and 17 females. At treatment naïve, mean levels of vWF were significantly increased (45.48 +/- 6.46) in male type 2 Diabetic patients compared to the control (20.45 +/- 0.26). Six months into treatment mean levels of vWF were significantly increased (48.18 +/- 4.99) in female type 2 Diabetic patients compared to the control (37.64 +/- 7.93). The plasma levels of vWF were significantly and positively correlated with HbA1c at six months into treatment in male type 2 DM patients. The plasma levels of vWF were also significantly and positively correlated with PAI-1 at six and twelve months into treatment in both genders. Conclusion: There was strong significant positive correlation between plasma levels of vWF and PAI-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Download Full-text