Structural Relationships of Physical Activity Level to Physical Self-Perception and Psychological Well-being in Individuals with Physical Disabilities

Societal crises and personal challenges are often followed by substantial changes in physical activity. Is there a link between such changes and psychological well-being? Seeking to answer this question, we conducted a correlational study on a representative sample in Sweden during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1035). About 49% of the sample had decreased their physical activity compared to their self-reported activity level prior to the pandemic, whereas 32% had increased it. The results showed a positive and robust association between changes in daily activity level and corresponding changes in psychological well-being. Specifically, individuals who had reduced their physical activity over the last year reported lower life satisfaction than before, and individuals who had increased their physical activity reported higher life satisfaction than before. The amount of complete physical inactivity (sitting) showed a similar pattern as the exercise data, meaning that individuals who reported increasing inactivity per day also reported a greater decline in life satisfaction. Additional analyses showed that the association between daily activity level and life satisfaction was somewhat stronger for men than for women, but there was no difference when comparing individual versus organized activities. The current study was based on a cross-sectional design, measuring self-reported change over time. Recent work from other research teams have used longitudinal data and experience-sampling in different settings, finding similar results. We conclude that there is good reason to recommend physical exercise as a coping strategy in difficult times.

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Exploring the relationship between physical activity, psychological well-being and physical self- perception in different exercise groups

South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation ◽

10.4314/sajrs.v27i1.25908 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen D Edwards ◽

Humphrey SB Ngcobo ◽

David J Edwards ◽

Kevin Palavar

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Perception ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

The Relationship

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Long-Term Effects of Individually Tailored Physical Training and Activity on Physical Function, Well-Being and Cognition in Scandinavian Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000443611 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 571-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kerstin Frändin ◽

Helena Grönstedt ◽

Jorunn L. Helbostad ◽

Astrid Bergland ◽

Mette Andresen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Well Being ◽

Activity Level ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Physical Functions

Background: The preservation of physical functions such as muscle strength, balance and mobility is fundamental to maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL). The physical activity level of most nursing home residents is very low, which implies that they are often subject to a decline in health, mobility, autonomy and social contacts and are also at risk of suffering a decline in mental well-being. In a previous study, we demonstrated that transfers, balance and physical activity level improved after 3 months of individually tailored intervention in nursing home residents. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects on ADL, balance function, physical activity level, physical performance, falls-related self-efficacy, well-being and cognitive function 3 months after the completion of our intervention in nursing home residents. Methods: The study was a multicenter randomized, controlled clinical trial with a parallel-group design. It was conducted in nursing homes in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, with an intervention period lasting 3 months and a follow-up at 6 months. Initially, 322 nursing home residents with a mean age of 85 years were included; 85 from Sweden, 171 from Norway and 66 from Denmark. Of these, 241 [129 intervention group (IG), 112 control group (CG)] were eligible for the 6-month follow-up tests. The level of dependence in ADL, physical activity level, several dimensions of physical function, well-being, falls-related self-efficacy and cognitive function were assessed with reliable and valid instruments at baseline, immediately after 3 months of intervention and 3 months later at the 6-month follow-up. Results: After 3 months of intervention and an additional period of 3 months without intervention, only the following 2 variables demonstrated significant group differences: social and cognitive function, measured by the Functional Independence Measure n-r, where the IG deteriorated while the CG was almost stable. However, regarding transfers, the IG deteriorated significantly less than the CG. Conclusion: Without supervised physical exercise that challenged the individuals' capability, gains in ADL function, balance and transfer ability deteriorated during the 3 months following the intervention period. Thus, continuous, individually adjusted and supported physical activity seems crucial for the maintenance of physical functions in these vulnerable elderly persons.

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Seasonal Differences in Light Exposure and the Associations With Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Exploratory Study

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586717697650 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 64-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amanda Nioi ◽

Jenny Roe ◽

Alan Gow ◽

David McNair ◽

Peter Aspinall

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Older People ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Well Being ◽

Activity Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health And Well Being

Objective: This article reports summer verses winter seasonal variations across a suite of blue light, illuminance levels and health and well-being indicators. Background: The quality of lighting in care homes has been assessed previously, yet seasonal comparisons and the associations with sleep quality are limited. This exploratory study investigates light exposure in two seasons to determine the changes over time and the associations with health and well-being. Methods: In a repeated measures design, 16 older people (aged 72–99 years) living in a care home had their personal light exposure and sleep/wake patterns monitored for 4 days. Cognitive ability, mental well-being, daytime physical activity, and visual function were assessed. Mean light levels at preset times across the day, duration in light exposure over 1,000 lux, and sleep parameters were computed. Statistical investigations included correlations exploring associations and paired means tests to detect the changes between seasons. Results: The mean morning illuminance level in summer was 466 lux and 65 lux in winter. Duration in bright light over 1,000 lux was 46 min in summer and 3 min in winter. Light measures were significantly higher in summer. There was no statistical difference in sleep quality parameters between seasons, but there were significant difference in daytime physical activity level (i.e., this was higher in summer). Conclusion: The findings indicate low level of light exposures experienced in both seasons, with exposure levels being particularly low in winter. This provides new insights into the limited amount of light older people receive independent of season and the possible impacts on sleep and daytime physical activity level.

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Perceived Health, Depression and Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults: Physical Activity and Osteoarticular Disease

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8157

Author(s):

Olga Molinero ◽

Alfonso Salguero ◽

Sara Márquez

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Activity Level ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Psychological Well Being

Osteoarticular diseases are one of the effects of aging, and they are related to physical, psychological, and social functions. Physical activity seems to slow the start and progression of these kinds of illnesses and presents benefits for psychosocial health. The main aim of the study was to investigate the possible effect of physical activity level (Yale Physical Activity Survey) on quality of life (SF-36 Health Questionnaire), subjective psychological well-being (Psychological Well-being Scale), and depression levels (Geriatric Depression Scale), depending on osteoarticular illness. The sample consisted of 263 Spanish adults aged 65 to 98 years who had high or low physical activity (assessed by YPAS Questionnaire) and osteoarticular disease. Results show that physical activity influences the perceived quality of life, depression levels, and subjective well-being in older adults regardless of osteoarticular disease. The present study suggests the need for promoting physical exercise due to its proven positive impact on older adults’ mental health, entailing a significant reduction in the risks of suffering from a variety of frequent diseases and disorders.

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Physical Activity Level and Interaction of Students with Mild Physical Disabilities Placed in Inclusive Middle School Physical Education Classes

Journal of adapted physical activity and exercise ◽

10.17006/kjapa.2014.22.3.43 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 43-63

Author(s):

윤형준

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Middle School ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Physical Disabilities ◽

Activity Level

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Aptidão física, composição corporal e autopercepção de nível de atividade física em estudantes de Educação Física: um estudo longitudinal (2015-2018)

Revista de Educação Física / Journal of Physical Education ◽

10.37310/ref.v88i1.814 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vitor Costa Valente ◽

Gustavo Costa Valente ◽

Mariana Passini ◽

Bianca Andrade Ferreira ◽

Marcelo Conte

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Self Perception ◽

Medicine Ball

Introdução: : Na atualidade, as pessoas são incentivadas a praticar exercícios físicos e a adotar um estilo de vida ativo. Dentre os cursos da área da saúde, a Educação Física é o que apresenta o maior número de universitários com bom nível de atividade física e consequente aptidão física.Objetivo: Comparar a aptidão física, a composição corporal e a autopercepção do nível de atividade física habitual dos alunos do curso de Educação Física da Escola Superior de Educação Física de Jundiaí (ESEF) no primeiro e no último ano de curso.Métodos: Estudo longitudinal com uma amostra por conveniência, do qual participaram 53 alunos do curso de bacharelado em Educação Física, que foram avaliados no primeiro (2015) e no último ano (2018), por meio de anamnese, avaliações em composição corporal e em aptidão física (aptidão cardiorrespiratória, flexibilidade, resistência e força muscular). O teste de t Student pareado foi utilizado para comparar os dados.Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas em peso(kg), +3,8% (p=0,002); IMC(kg/m2) +5% (p=0,00025); RCQ(cm) +4,9% (p= 0,00015); percentual de gordura corporal(%) -14,1%, (p=<0,0001); arremesso de medicine ball(cm) +6,2% (p=0,0006); flexão de braços(repetições) +10,8% (p=0,0051); VO2máx(ml/kg/m), -7,3% (p= 0,0384). Salto Vertical, abdominal(repetições) e flexibilidade não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas.Conclusão: Os alunos apresentaram aumento de massa corporal, redução no percentual de gordura e melhores resultados nos testes de força e resistência muscular dos membros superiores. Entretanto, o desempenho no teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória piorou ao longo do curso. Os resultados foram discutidos.Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Self-Perception of Physical Activity Level in Physical Education Undergraduates: A Longitudinal Study (2015-2018)Introduction: Nowadays, people are encouraged to exercise and adopt an active lifestyle. Among the courses in the area of health, Physical Education is the one that presents the highest number of university students with a good level of physical activity and consequent physical fitness.Objective: To compare the physical fitness, body composition and self-perception of the habitual physical activity level of the students of the Physical Education course of the Higher School of Physical Education of Jundiaí (ESEF) in the first and last year of the course.Methods: This was a longitudinal study with a sample of convenience, in which 53 students from the baccalaureate degree in Physical Education participated, who were evaluated in the first (2015) and last year (2018), through anamnesis, body composition and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, endurance and muscular strength). The paired Student t test was used to compare the data.Results: There were significant differences in weight (kg), + 3.8% (p = 0.002); BMI (kg / m2) + 5% (p = 0.00025); RCQ (cm) + 4.9% (p = 0.00015); percentage of body fat (%) -14.1%, (p = <0.0001); medicine ball pitch (cm) + 6.2% (p = 0.0006); arm flexion (repetitions) + 10.8% (p = 0.0051); VO2max (ml / kg / m), -7.3% (p = 0.0384). Vertical jumping, abdominal (repetitions) and flexibility were not statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The students presented increase of body mass, reduction in fat percentage and better results in tests of strength and muscular endurance of the upper limbs. However, performance in the cardiorespiratory fitness test worsened throughout the course. The results were discussed.

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