scholarly journals Intra-firm feudalism and the risks of its digital amplification

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-368
Author(s):  
Igor Vasil'evich Anokhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Hierarchical Management

Ever changing environment brings to light the need to create the appropriate hierarchical management structure maintaining efficient and sustainable firm’s performance. The scholars become more focused on the importance of the non-formal rules determining the nature of the intra-firm relations. This article attempts to justify theoretically the applicability of the feudalism categories to the analysis of the hierarchical management structure in the modern industrial enterprise, as well as to define the ways to overcome the negative implications of the intra-firm feudalism. Methodologically, the research is based on the provisions of the A.A. Bogdanov’s general organizations science. The article justifies the in-house system of relationships, which, in fact, correlates with the fundamental characteristics of the feudal relationships. This system of non-formal relations affects the approved managerial decisions, determines the nature and goals of the structural units of the industrial enterprise. It is shown that the nature of these non-formal relationships shapes the long-term resilience of the firm. The article looks at how the in-house departments obtain the elements of quasi-feudal power by controlling the functional levels of the firm – physical (control over the main assets), distribution (control over the material, labor, and energy resources), economic (impact on the cash flows), and design and technological (impact on the strategic development and firm’s technologies). The main reason for the intra-firm feudalism is the difference in opinions among the top managers of the firms and its employees, which, in its turn, is caused by different assets circulation periods – the main means of manufacturing and labor. It is claimed that information asymmetry inherent to the hierarchical structure is the indispensable condition for the intra-firm feudalism. In-house feudalization amplifies when a particular employee and its department acquire specific capital, including experience, knowledge about the manufacturing technologies, ties with colleagues and outside subjects, etc. It is justified that economy digitalization changes the composition and the structure of the feudal lords’ powers, while the scales of intra-firm feudalism manifestations do not change. To counteract the firm’s feudalization, the article proposes measures, including dismissal of the feudal lords and destruction of feuds, delegation of the design and technological powers from the feudal lords to the personnel, blurring the feudal lords’ powers, changing the business conditions for feuds, changes of the hierarchical structure in the firm. It is noted that the intra-firm feudalism can be restrained by setting up a new intra-firm unit – General Council of Employees empowered with design and technological rights with the level inversely proportional to the intra-firm feudal lords’ power level. Therefore, higher level of powers given to the firm’s employees will restrain the powers of the intra-firm feudal lords. Further research is seen to be connected with the assessment of the hypothesis concerning the development of the intra-firm feudalism in particular industrial enterprises.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq ◽  
Sarbast Moslem ◽  
Szabolcs Duleba
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Difference

Driver behavior has been considered as the most influential factor in reducing fatal road accidents and the resulting injuries. Thus, it is important to focus on the significance of driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for a sustainable traffic system. The recent study aims to enumerate the most significant driver behavior factors which have a critical impact on road safety. The well-proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied for 20 examined driver behavior factors in a three-level hierarchical structure. Linguistic judgment data have been collected from three nominated evaluator groups in order to detect the difference of responses on perceived road safety issues. The comparison scales had been averaged prior to computing the weights of driver behavior factors. The AHP ranking results have revealed that most of the drivers are most concerned about the “Errors”, followed by the “Lapses” for the first level. The highest influential sub-criteria for the second level is the “Aggressive violations” and for the third level, the “Drive with alcohol use”. Kendall’s rank correlation has also been applied to detect the agreement degree among the evaluator groups for each level in the hierarchical structure. The estimated results indicate that road management authorities should focus on high-rank significant driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for sustainable traffic safety.

scholarly journals Development of system-methodological bases to increase the efficiency of foreign economic activities of industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Bataev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the system of interaction between an industrial enterprise and customs authorities in the process of carrying out foreign trade activities based on the classification and assessment of the system elements functions for performing customs operations and customs control. Foreign economic activity, which is a set of functions of organizations focused on the foreign market in terms of the chosen foreign economic strategy, as well as the forms and methods of work in foreign markets is considered as one of the key factors in the efficiency of an industrial enterprise. Analysis of the foreign economic activity of an industrial enterprise using the developed methodology will make it possible to determine the optimal and cost-effective options for performing customs operations related to the declaration and release of goods in accordance with the declared customs procedure. The focus on large participants of foreign economic activity, which are industrial enterprises, will allow using the results of the study to reduce non-production costs associated with the implementation of foreign trade activities by these enterprises. We have chosen an enterprise of the metallurgical industry that carries out foreign economic activity in cooperation with the customs authorities of the Russian Federation as the object of the system analysis in this research. At the same time the object of analysis is considered as a unified system that has the main system properties: integrity and divisibility, the presence of significant stable links between the elements of the system, the organization and the hierarchical structure of the system, integrative qualities. The object of the research is a complex-structured system of interactions between industrial enterprises that are participants of foreign economic activity and the customs authorities of the Russian Federation. The schemes of interactions of all elements of the four-level hierarchical structure of the analyzed system are illustrated.

Improvement of information support at an industrial enterprise for the purposes of accounting and auditing of funds

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhaltyrova ◽  
◽  
T.B. Kuvaldina ◽  
G.O. G.O. Abisheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Economic Entity

The main problem is that money plays a huge role in a market economy. The market is impossible without the movement of money that carries out the turnover of goods and services. The movement of money serves the sale of goods, as well as the movement of the financial market. The cash resources of an industrial enterprise are an integral part of current assets. The money is needed for settlements with suppliers and contractors, for making payments to the budget, for issuing salaries, bonuses to employees, and for making other types of payments. The meaning of the organization of funds is to effectively manage the cash flows of an economic entity on the basis of data obtained from the results of the analysis of cash flows for a certain period of time and accounting data. Information support is a system of information and methods of its processing that allow us to assess the real state of an industrial enterprise and identify factors that contribute to improving the effectiveness of management decisions. In these conditions, it becomes inevitable to improve the information support for accounting and auditing of funds. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of accounting and auditing of funds at industrial enterprises by improving information support. The implementation of the research goal is facilitated by the use of methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, graphical method for visualizing the results obtained. For any enterprise, it is necessary that there is enough money at the beginning of the production cycle, and at the end their growth is ensured. With such business management, a constant turnover of funds will be ensured, which will provide the enterprise with an influx of funds, and will make it possible to carry out activities in other areas (investment or financial) at the expense of the money generated by the main activity. In a market economy, it is necessary to proceed from the principle that the skillful use of funds brings additional income to the enterprise, and, therefore, the enterprise should constantly think about the rational investment of temporarily free funds to make a profit. The authors analyzed the cash flow by type of activity on the basis of financial statements, and developed recommendations for solving the problems of accounting and auditing of funds, which are aimed at improving cash flow management, which will allow an industrial enterprise to achieve its goals and plans as much as possible.

scholarly journals Managing Hierarchically Structured DTN-Like Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Riku Luostarinen ◽  
Jukka Manner
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Hierarchical Management

Network management in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) is an active research topic and covers topics such as system architecture, roles of actors, and management protocol. The existing solutions either expect a flat management hierarchy or do not address the hierarchical structure used in management. However, in many real-world DTN use cases, particularly in emergency and military contexts, the actors using the DTN system are a part of an organizational or operational hierarchy, and the network design and topology follow the hierarchical structure. This paper introduces a DTN management scheme that is based on that hierarchy. The paper presents a node categorization that is based on the hierarchy, the characteristics of the hierarchical management, roles and responsibilities of the managed and managing nodes in the hierarchy, and the related concept of management responsibility stack. Further, the paper discusses the characteristics of the messaging and configurability of the nodes in a hierarchical network, and introduces a problem called DTN management trilemma. The paper also presents a use case where the concepts of this paper are applied to network management of a hierarchical organization in a reference scenario, and the performance of the hierarchical management methods is compared to an equivalent nonhierarchical solution.

Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.

The system of financial controlling of industrial enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
M. P. Bobkova
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
System Support ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Goal System

In the article examined the peculiarities of the system of financial controlling in an industrial enterprise: the necessity of developing goal system, objectives, requirements for information system support.

Default Logic Models of Certain Inheritance Systems with Exceptions

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Serge Garlatti
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Nonmonotonic Reasoning ◽  
Default Logic ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge ◽  
Made In

Representation systems based on inheritance networks are founded on the hierarchical structure of knowledge. Such representation is composed of a set of objects and a set of is-a links between nodes. Objects are generally defined by means of a set of properties. An inheritance mechanism enables us to share properties across the hierarchy, called an inheritance graph. It is often difficult, even impossible to define classes by means of a set of necessary and sufficient conditions. For this reason, exceptions must be allowed and they induce nonmonotonic reasoning. Many researchers have used default logic to give them formal semantics and to define sound inferences. In this paper, we propose a survey of the different models of nonmonotonic inheritance systems by means of default logic. A comparison between default theories and inheritance mechanisms is made. In conclusion, the ability of default logic to take some inheritance mechanisms into account is discussed.

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