scholarly journals Institutional competition and import of institutions: Theoretical aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Oleg Sergeevich Sukharev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Coase Theorem ◽  
Institutional Competition ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

Modern economy updates the problems of institutional competitions manifested in permanent non-compliance with the rules by the economic agents, the introduction of new institutions, standards, agreements, destruction of the current institution system. The import of the instutitions is the most relevant type of the institional competition. The borrowing of the institutions exert the impact of the established rules on the internal institutions and organizational forms, thus becoming dependent, just like their executors. This provides the initiator of the introduced rules with some benefits and the leading role in the institutional competition. The purpose of the research is to use theory of the institutional competition to propose a unified quality assessment method for the acting and re-introduced institutions to approve of the managerial decisions aimed to adjust the institutional system. The research methodology consists of institutional theory and assessment approaches to classical and functional efficiency, as well as in the field of quality assessment for the institution performance, which are defined as abstract norms and organizational structures, including the development institutions as regional development agencies. The result of the study was a designed general model of institutional competition, presentation of the blocking effect and dysfunction of the imported institution, as well as the proposed unified comparative assessment method for the quality of acting and imported institutions. It is also substantiated that the plot of the Coase theorem is opposite to the "lock-in" effect, while the Coase theorem lacks institutional competition. In practice, transactional costs are shown not to be equal to zero for the institutional competition. When institutions are imported, costs can increase with lock-in effects and dysfunction. In this regard, the introduction of new institutions should be justified with the parameters of the performance efficiency in some countries and with the conditions of the social economic system where they are supposed to be used, taking into account the institutional competition. The institutional competition is showcased as the import of development institutions as regional development agencies. Further research is seen to be connected with testing the proposed approach under the quality assessment criteria from the institutions and designed models for determining the permissible volume of imports of institutions.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of single-cell RNA sequencing data by coverage skewness analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Abugessaisa ◽  
Shuhei Noguchi ◽  
Melissa Cardon ◽  
Akira Hasegawa ◽  
Kazuhide Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Gene Coverage ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAnalysis and interpretation of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments are compromised by the presence of poor quality cells. For meaningful analyses, such poor quality cells should be excluded to avoid biases and large variation. However, no clear guidelines exist. We introduce SkewC, a novel quality-assessment method to identify poor quality single-cells in scRNA-seq experiments. The method is based on the assessment of gene coverage for each single cell and its skewness as a quality measure. To validate the method, we investigated the impact of poor quality cells on downstream analyses and compared biological differences between typical and poor quality cells. Moreover, we measured the ratio of intergenic expression, suggesting genomic contamination, and foreign organism contamination of single-cell samples. SkewC is tested in 37,993 single-cells generated by 15 scRNA-seq protocols. We envision SkewC as an indispensable QC method to be incorporated into scRNA-seq experiment to preclude the possibility of scRNA-seq data misinterpretation.

scholarly journals Assessing the Urban Eco-Environmental Quality by the Remote-Sensing Ecological Index: Application to Tianjin, North China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Ruiqing Yang ◽  
Yibo Yang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Longqian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment Method ◽  
The Impact

The remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI), which is built with greenness, moisture, dryness, and heat, has become increasingly recognized for its use in urban eco-environment quality assessment. To improve the reliability of such assessment, we propose a new RSEI-based urban eco-environment quality assessment method where the impact of RSEI indicators on the eco-environment quality and the seasonal change of RSEI are examined and considered. The northern Chinese municipal city of Tianjin was selected as a case study to test the proposed method. Landsat images acquired in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were obtained and processed for three different years (1992, 2005, and 2018) for a multitemporal analysis. Results from the case study show that both the contributions of RSEI indicators to eco-environment quality and RSEI values vary with the season and that such seasonal variability should be considered by normalizing indicator measures differently and using more representative remote-sensing images, respectively. The assessed eco-environment quality of Tianjin was, overall, improving owing to governmental environmental protection measures, but the damage caused by rapid urban expansion and sea reclamation in the Binhai New Area still needs to be noted. It is concluded that our proposed urban eco-environment quality assessment method is viable and can provide a reliable assessment result that helps gain a more accurate understanding of the evolution of the urban eco-environment quality over seasons and years.

Information Openness of Regional Development Agencies in Russia: Trends and Forecasts

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Balatsky ◽  
Nataly A. Ekimova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Information Market ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regional Projects

During last decades Russia was in the process of forming a market of regional development institutions, the structure of which includes such managing entities as regional development corporations (agencies). The article examines the information openness of Russian regional development corporations (RDC). It gives quantitative assessment and shows the qualitative transformation of this phenomenon in 2016 and 2020. The official websites and portals of these organizations are used as information base. Comparison information openness ratings of the Russian RDC for 2016 and 2020, built by the authors, allowed establishing few important facts and trends’ development. Firstly, the number of RDCs is slowly but surely growing. Secondly, their information openness has slightly increased over the last four years. Thirdly, the difference between the indicators of information openness of the RDC has sharply decreased, what indicates an increase in competition between these structures in the all-Russian information market. Fourthly, the work to improve awareness of RDC activities is spontaneous and does not involve any reporting standards. The experience of Canada and Australia was considered to identify management reserves in the work of Russian RDCs. That allowed to formulate few proposals. First, it is advisable to increase the number of domestic RDCs by 2–3 times. Secondly, a unified standard for RDC corporate reporting and a Federal portal with their contact details are necessary. Thirdly, RDC should not only participate in the implementation of regional projects, but also develop a promising model for the development of the territory, considering its specifics, which is currently absent.

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VIDEO QUALITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON TWO-LEVEL TEMPORAL POOLING

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUZHENG YANG ◽  
SHUAI WAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Video Quality Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quality Assessment Method ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a video quality assessment method based on two-level temporal pooling is proposed. By dividing a video sequence into groups of frames (GOFs) with variable lengths, a short-term temporal pooling is performed first at the eye fixation level to obtain the GOF quality. The determination of the GOF size is based on empirical observations from subjective tests that evaluate the duration of successive frames based on which steady quality judgment can be made by the human visual system. The video quality is further obtained by a second level of long-term temporal pooling using the GOF quality. The impact of strong impairment in part of the video on the cognitive system is incorporated in the proposed method for video quality assessment. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for spatial-temporal distortion evaluation considering both regular and irregular frame loss.

No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Multi-Order Gradients Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 10505-1-10505-16
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Xuehan Bai ◽  
Junhua Yan ◽  
Yongqi Xiao ◽  
C. R. Chatwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Gradient Magnitude ◽  
Distortion Type

Abstract A new blind image quality assessment method called No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Multi-Order Gradients Statistics is proposed, which is aimed at solving the problem that the existing no-reference image quality assessment methods cannot determine the type of image distortion and that the quality evaluation has poor robustness for different types of distortion. In this article, an 18-dimensional image feature vector is constructed from gradient magnitude features, relative gradient orientation features, and relative gradient magnitude features over two scales and three orders on the basis of the relationship between multi-order gradient statistics and the type and degree of image distortion. The feature matrix and distortion types of known distorted images are used to train an AdaBoost_BP neural network to determine the image distortion type; the feature matrix and subjective scores of known distorted images are used to train an AdaBoost_BP neural network to determine the image distortion degree. A series of comparative experiments were carried out using Laboratory of Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), LIVE Multiply Distorted Image Quality, Tampere Image, and Optics Remote Sensing Image databases. Experimental results show that the proposed method has high distortion type judgment accuracy and that the quality score shows good subjective consistency and robustness for all types of distortion. The performance of the proposed method is not constricted to a particular database, and the proposed method has high operational efficiency.

Assessing the sustainability of the Siberian Federal District regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-908
Author(s):  
T.A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Subject. This article deals with the issues of functioning of the region as a system. Objectives. The article aims to identify the problems of the region's functioning as a system, develop methodological tools to monitor the sustainable development of the Siberian Federal District territories, and determine the the impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on the sustainable development of the region as a whole. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, statistical, and empirical analyses taking into account an integrated approach. Results. The article reveals the impact of some individual components of regional development on the sustainability of the territorial system as a whole. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to analyze the sustainability of regions' development.

The Random Forest Method in Research of Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators of Regional Development on Informal Employment Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Zarova ◽  
E. I. Dubravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The topic of quantitative research on informal employment has a consistently high relevance both in the Russian Federation and in other countries due to its high dependence on cyclicality and crisis stages in economic dynamics of countries with any level of economic development. Developing effective government policy measures to overcome the negative impact of informal employment requires special attention in theoretical and applied research to assessing the factors and conditions of informal employment in the Russian Federation including at the regional level. Such effects of informal employment as a shortfall in taxes, potential losses in production efficiency, and negative social consequences are a concern for the authorities of the federal and regional levels. Development of quantitative indicators to determine the level of informal employment in the regions, taking into account their specifics in the general spatial and economic system of Russia are necessary to overcome these negative effects. The article proposes and tests methods for solving the problem of assessing the impact of hierarchical relationships on macroeconomic factors at the regional level of informal employment in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Majority of the works on the study of informal employment are based on basic statistical methods of spatial-dynamic analysis, as well as on the now «traditional» methods of cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Without diminishing the merits of these methods, it should be noted that they are somewhat limited in identifying hidden structural connections and interdependencies in such a complex multidimensional phenomenon as informal employment. In order to substantiate the possibility of overcoming these limitations, the article proposes indicators of regional statistics that directly and indirectly characterize informal employment and also presents the possibilities of using the «random forest» method to identify groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have similar macroeconomic factors of informal employment. The novelty of this method in terms of research objectives is that it allows one to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators of regional development on the level of informal employment, taking into account the implicit, not predetermined by the initial hypotheses, hierarchical relationships of factor indicators. Based on the generalization of the studies presented in the literature, as well as the authors’ statistical calculations using Rosstat data, the authors came to the conclusion about the high importance of macroeconomic parameters of regional development and systemic relationships of macroeconomic indicators in substantiating the differentiation of the informal level across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Features and tendencies of budgetary provision of Zaporizhzhya region development in the conditions of budget decentralization

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Iryna Storonyanska ◽  
Liliya Benovska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Regional Development Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to study trends and identify problems of budgetary provision of the development of Zaporizhzhia region in the context of budgetary decentralization reform. Methods of systematic and comparative analysis, graphical visualization, generalization and statistical methods were used for the study. The article examines the impact of decentralization reform on the financial provision of social and economic development of administrative and territorial units of Zaporizhzhia region. The comparative analysis of the budgetary provision of the development of Zaporizhzhya region and other regions of the Central region is conducted. The article describes the trends and problems of Zaporizhzhya region development. The following positive trends were revealed: increase of revenues to local budgets of the region; reduction of transfer dependence of the region on the state budget; formation of high-taxation CTCs. The negative tendencies of development were: increase of differentiation of financial provision of the development of the regional center and other administrative and territorial units, reduction of the growth rate of revenues to the development budget of Zaporizhzhia region. Attention is drawn to the fact that under the conditions of decentralization reform and administrative and territorial reform, consolidated territorial communities are actively being formed in the Zaporizhzhya region, most of them with high financial capacity, which testifies to the high potential of regional development. The article analyzes the regional target programs of Zaporizhzhia region and clarifies the possibilities of their integration with the Action Plans for implementation of the Regional Development Strategies. The dominance of the social component over the development of regional target programs and low level of implementation of a number of programs are emphasized.

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