scholarly journals An analysis of foreign direct investment attractiveness of the Russian Far East by Porter’s Diamond model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Han Sol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Firm Strategy ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

This paper is dedicated to measuring the Foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness of the Russian Far East. In 2012, the Russian Federationofficially addressed the Turn to the East Policy through «Measures to Implement the Russian Federation Foreign Policy” to resolve the chronically underdeveloped economy of the Far Eastern district. The Far Eastern development entails an enormous budget from abroad considering the enormous magnitude of investments projects. However, despite the continuous increasing investment propensity in the Russian Far East, the result is not yet impressive. Thereby, the thorough analysis of the FDI attractiveness of the Far Eastshould more to be conducted. To do that, in this study, we analyzed the FDI attractiveness of the Far East based on the Porter’s Diamond model, comprised of the four endogenous factors – Production Factor, Demand Factor, Related and Supporting Industries, and Firm Strategy Structure and Rivalry-, and the two exogenous factors-chance, and government. Based on the analysis, we diagnosed that weak factor and demand conditions and ambiguous political will majorly hinder from accelerating the Turn to the East Policy. Thereby, we concluded that to achieve momentum of the policy by generating high efficiency of the policy mechanisms to induce FDI, the strong political will should be accompanied with investmentfavorable factor and demand conditions.

scholarly journals The impact of the Turn to the East Policy on foreign direct investment in the Russian Far East

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-374
Author(s):  
Han-Sol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Mechanisms ◽  
The Russian Far East

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of Russia’s Turn to the East Policy, addressed by the federal government in 2012, on the economic development of the underdeveloped Far Eastern regions, in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows data. To do so, this paper analyzed the results of the representative policy mechanisms - designed to promote the Far Eastern investments - of the Turn to the East Policy, comprised of the Eastern Economic Forum (EEC), Advanced Special Economic Zones (ASEZs), and Vladivostok Free Ports (VFPs), based on the secondary data from the governmental organizations. From the study, in spite of the previous contentions on those policy mechanisms amongst policymakers, we elucidate the incremental growing FDI - majorly contributed by the East Asian countries: China, Japan, and South Korea - propensity in the Far East. The three Eastern Asian countries promote investments in the Russian Far East for different eco-political purposes. And it further analyzed that for Russia, despite the remarkable magnitude of Chinese and Japanese FDI compared to South Korea, South Korea is still the most attractive partner, in terms of lack of threats: The Chinese expansionism, and the Kuril Island dispute with Japan.

scholarly journals The Role of State Policy in Attracting of Foreign Direct Investment to the Far East of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Investment ◽  
The Russian Far East

In recent years (since late 2013) the federal government has intensified the policy of foreign investors attracting to the Russian Far East, proclaiming the need to integrate this macro-region in the Asia Pacific region and creating development institutions of the Far East, as well as preferential conditions for investors – the territories of priority socio-economic development, free port of Vladivostok. Investors are given massive tax preferences, regime of free customs zone, a number of other preferences. However, from the point of view of foreign investors many instruments of state investment policy – rather its lack, than advantage. Investment policy of regional authorities in the Far East is currently ranked low, in the National ranking of investment climate in subjects of the Russian Federation Far East regions, with the exception of Khabarovsk Krai, located in the second half. By the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) stock Sakhalin oblast stands out among the Russian Far East regions, occupying on this indicator the second place among all subjects of the Russian Federation due to the action of agreements on production section, which appeared in 1990- ies. The shares of other Far Eastern regions in the FDI stock in Russia is still small. The state’s efforts in recent years to attract FDI to the Far East led to some increase in the volume of FDI stock in the macro-region, but not in all subjects of the Russian Fed eration. Preferential regimes are increasingly attracted domestic rather than foreign investors. Among the projects with participation of foreign capital projects focused on the domestic market of the Far East (agriculture, services) and the use of macro-region natural resources dominate. Projects on creation of manufacturing industries which products can be delivered beyond the Far East, including for export, yet few. The prospects for improvement, given the existing experience of the gradual development of new regions by foreign investors, but it requires improvement of the state investment policy both at federal and regional levels.

scholarly journals THE SUB-NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTH KOREAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN RUSSIA: A FOCUS ON THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
Han-Sol Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Entry Barrier ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Northern Policy ◽  
The Russian Far East

This paper investigates the Korean foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Russian Far East, a significant area to develop South Korea’s new northern policy and Russia’s pivot to the East policy. Unlike the insignificant influence of the Korean FDI on Russia’s economy as a whole, South Korea is one of the key economic partners in the Russian Far East. For the period 2015–2019, South Korea is the 4th largest investor in the Russian Far East. In 2019, 69.7% of the Korean investments in the Russian Far East concentrated on Primorsky Krai, which contradicts the general trend that the world investments in the Russian Far East are highly skewed in Sakhalin Oblast to participate in the gas and oil projects. The Korean FDI in the Russian Far East aims market seeking rather than resource seeking. Besides, due to the high entry barrier of “nine bridges”, there are limited numbers of companies in nine bridges-industries.

Tax debt as a threat to the economic security of the Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242
Author(s):  
V.A. Yakimova ◽  
A.A. Orekhova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Subject. The article addresses the tax liabilities of taxpayers registered in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, which should be paid to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation, as well as the factors of the said debt growth. Objectives. Our aim is to assess the level of tax debt of regions of the Russian Far East and identify the correlation between the factors and the amount of tax debt. Methods. The study rests on methods of analysis, generalization, grouping, systematization, and the correlation and regression analysis. Results. We analyzed the level of tax debt for the entire Far Eastern Federal District and by region, identified factors affecting the growth of tax debt therein. The paper assesses the structure of tax debt by type of taxes and activity of debtors. The unveiled factors may help control changes in the size of tax debt in the Russian Far East and develop effective measures to improve the debt collection. Conclusions. The study shows that there is an increase in the tax debt in the regions of the Russian Far East, in the VAT in particular. The factor analysis revealed that the volume of sales of wholesale enterprises, investment in fixed capital, the consumer price index have the largest impact on the amount of tax debt.

The Russian Far East: from a depressed region to the territory of the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Nikolaychuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the Far Eastern region. The proximity of China and the remoteness from the center of Russia make us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of settling the Far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia. The paper analyzes the problems of the Far East: in industry, agriculture, forestry, energy problems, environmental problems, and provides recommendations for their solution. Considerable attention is paid to migration problems. The experience of China is studied through the prism of bilateral cooperation with Russia. It is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers dealing with issues of macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.

scholarly journals Assessment of Migration Policy Measures Implemented in the Russian Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-916
Author(s):  
Yury D. Shmidt ◽  
Natalya V. Ivashina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Control Regions

The present paper analyses migration policy measures implemented in the Russian Far East, namely, State Programme to Assist the Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots Living Abroad to the Russian Federation, the Far-Eastern Hectare Programme, establishment of Priority Development Areas (PDAs) and territories with a special regime of economic activity. The synthetic control method was applied to quantitatively assess how the adopted measures affect the migration outflow from regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. According to this method and relevant statistics, constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District were compared with control regions of the Siberian Federal District, where these policy tools have not been introduced. Comparable areas had similar socio-economic development trends and migration flows in the period preceding the implementation of the state programmes. To analyse the impact of migration policy changes in 2011–2018, the difference between outflow values of the Far Eastern and synthetic control regions was calculated. The results showed that the average estimated values are negative and significantly different from zero. This indicates a positive effect of new migration mitigation measures on reducing the outflow from the Russian Far East. Future research will separately assess the effectiveness of each migration policy tool implemented in the Far Eastern Federal District.

PROBLEMS OF REALIZING THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry P. Zorin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

In the current geopolitical conditions and fierce competition in world markets from such dy-namically developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and a number of others, the preservation and increase of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is of a strategic nature. To ensure the national security and integrity of the country, to strengthen Russia's position in the Asia-Pacific area, the role of the Far East regions comes to the fore. However, the pronounced processes of depopulation of the population of the Far East regions and the stable migration outflow of the working-age population to other regions of Russia and abroad call into question the implementation of many tasks for the sustainable socio-economic development of this macro-region. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are already experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel in several industries. This deficit, in the absence of a governmental long-term strategy in the field of human capital formation, will not allow Russia to compete with the fast-growing economies of Asia-Pacific countries in the future. In this article, we analyze the opportunities and potential risks of human capital development through the prism of demographic processes occurring in the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on modern data on fertility, mortality, age-sex structure of the population, trends in interregional and international migration we conclude that for the growth of human capital and sustainable economic growth, the necessary conditions are: the development of transport and social infrastructure of the macro-region, the development of programs of labor mobility of the popu-lation, attracting young people through the educational migration channel, attracting international migrants from the CIS countries as well as from Asia-Pacific countries with a level of education and qualifications corresponding to the economic specialization of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Geographical variability of Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) across Russia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
DMITRI YU. TISHECHKIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

Comparative analysis of body size, coloration, penis shape, and male calling signals of Lepyronia coleoptrata from different localities in European Russia, Northern Kazakhstan, Siberia, and the Russian Far East showed that all populations studied belong to the same species. A clear boundary between European and the Far-Eastern subspecies can only be drawn based on body size and proportions. Light coloration is typical of European populations; on the contrary, in the Far East only dark specimens occur, but in Siberia a mixture of different forms presents. Penis shape and male calling signal pattern do not demonstrate geographical variability. The range of intraspecific variability of these traits is far less than interspecific differences between L. coleoptrata, L. koreana, and L. okadae. 

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