scholarly journals Anatomía del tallo y de la raíz de dos especies de Wilcoxia Britton & Rose (Cactaceae) del noreste de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Loza-Cornejo ◽  
Teresa Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Characters

Stem and root anatomy of two Wilcoxia species distributed in the northeast of Mexico are studied to contribute to cacti knowledgement, to conclude about their rayless wood and to compare their anatomy with that of other Cactoideae members. Results show that Wilcoxia species have unistratified hypodermis, palisade chlorenchyma, lack of fibers in phloem, and rayless wood. Raylessness probably was an important factor in the evolution ofvascular cámbium in these species. Species differ in sorne quantitative characters and porosity type. In Wilcoxia's tuberous root, vascular tissue is scarse and restricted to radial rows, while storage tissue occurs in cortex and parenchyma associated to secondary xylem. Additional tuberous root developmental studies should contribute to understand anatomical diversity reported for Cactaceae.

Wood and Bark Anatomy of Lauraceae. ii. Licaria Aublet

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Georg Richter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Structural Profile ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Bark Anatomy

Qualitative features of the secondary xylem of Licaria present a rather uniform structural profile. Constant differences in primarily quantitative characters lead to the formation of speeies groups wh ich loosely correspond to infrageneric sections based on floral and vegetative morphology. This subdivision is strongly corroborated by the highly variable secondary phloem structurc revealing considerable diversity in type and distribution of sc1erenchymatic tissues. Inorganic inclusions in the secondary xylem, crystals and silica, constitute an important diagnostic tool for differentiating certain species and species groups, but are hardly of importance in the bark.

Regeneration of vascular tissue through redifferentiation of interxylary phloem after complete girdling in Aquilaria sinensis

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bei Luo ◽  
Arata Yoshinaga ◽  
Tatsuya Awano ◽  
Keiji Takabe ◽  
Takao Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Phloem Fibers ◽  
Interxylary Phloem ◽  
Time Course Study

Abstract We studied the time-course of stem response for six months following complete girdling in branches of Aquilaria sinensis to determine the potential role of interxylary phloem (IP) in this response. It was found that the vascular cambium, as well as its derivative secondary xylem and phloem, regenerated fully through redifferentiation of IP. We confirmed that vascular cambium regenerated within one month after girdling based on observation of new vessels, IP, and secondary phloem fibers. The time-course study showed that IPs made connections with each other, merged, and became larger through the proliferation of IPs parenchyma cells and the cleaving of secondary xylem in a narrow zone 400 to 1000 μm deep inside the girdled edge. This led to the formation of a complete circular sheath of vascular cambium, followed by the regeneration of vascular tissue. It is worth noting that the secondary xylem is regenerated always following the formation of a thick belt of wound xylem.

Interxylary cork of Saussurea discolor and S. pygmaea (Asteraceae)

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Fritz ◽  
Johannes Saukel
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
First Report

AbstractThe root anatomy of the subalpine to alpine plant species Saussurea discolor (Willd.) DC., and Saussurea pygmaea (Jacq.) Spreng., (Asteraceae) has been investigated by means of light and fluorescence microscopy on specimens of Austrian provenance. Both species develop a so called interxylary cork which mediates the splitting of the root into various strands. This phenomenon takes place in the secondary xylem and involves the development of a periderm separating the originally solid xylem cylinder. Interxylary cork is currently known from approximately 40 species of the Dicotyledones. This is the first report of this specific anatomical structure from the two studied species.

scholarly journals Rescue and vegetative propagation of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish in natural stand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. C. Fonseca ◽  
T. A. Magalhães ◽  
L. A. Melo ◽  
L. S. Oliveira ◽  
G. E. Brondani
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Silvicultural Practice

Abstract The native stands of ‘candeia’ (Eremanthus erythropappus) have been explored through management plans due to the economic potential of essential oil. The rescue of adult trees, as well as the application of silvicultural techniques that favor the restoration of the stand, can contribute to the genetic conservation of this species. This study’s objective was to assess the efficiency of propagation techniques for the rescue of 26 matrices of ‘candeia’ in a natural managed stand and discussion about the rhizogenesis. In August 2017, trees were induced to regrowth by coppice, followed by exposure and scarification of roots. The emergence of shoots and morphology were evaluated according to the origin (i.e., stump or root). After that period, 19 matrices had their sprouts collected for the preparation of apical cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was applied at the base of the cuttings. Cutting survival at greenhouse exit (GE), rooting at shade house exit (SHE), morphology and root anatomy were evaluated. In 189 days, the scarification of roots promoted 76.92% of budding. The percentage of sprouted matrices, number of shoots per matrice, length, diameter, and shoot length/diameter ratio increased over time. Only 12.2% of the cuttings survived in GE, and of these, 7.9% rooted in SHE. The cutting resulted in the formation of a clonal mini-garden of ‘candeia’, with seven of the 19 matrices submitted to propagation. The anatomical analyses showed that bud formation occurs from cell redifferentiation in the phloem parenchyma, and presence of crystals on the walls of the vessel elements of the secondary xylem. The shoots induction from scarification of roots could be used as a silvicultural practice for the reestablishment of the native fragments handle.

Differentiation of Secondary Xylem After Girdling

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhengli ◽  
Cui Keming
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Under favourable growth season and by suitable technical means, regeneration and continuous growth of new bark after girdling has been observed in many trees. Differentiation of the secondary xylem varies after arteficial treatment. Thus , the authors consider that (1) under appropriate conditions most trees could be girdled on a large scale with subsequent new bark regeneration and continued growth, (2) after removal of the phloem the living cells of the secondary xylem, i.e., wood parenchyma cells, may function in transporting nutrients from the treecrown downwards, and (3) finally, after girdling or when cultured in vitro, both immature xylem and phloem can dedifferentiate into meristematic tissue that further develops vascular tissue.

Comparative anatomy of absorbing roots and anchoring roots in three species of Cyclanthaceae (Monocotyledoneae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Wilder ◽  
Jeffrey R. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Root Types ◽  
Absorbing Roots

Absorbing roots and anchoring roots of Asplundia sp., Evodianthus fiinifer, and Thoracocarpus bissectus differ from one another anatomically in at least 15 quantitative characteristics and in additional related respects. Differences are diverse, involving both stelar and extrastelar tissues. Absorbing roots are significantly greater in diameter, have more vascular tissue, exhibit broader tracheary elements and sieve elements, and have other characteristics supporting the hypothesis that those features logically interpretable as optimizing conduction in xylem and phloem predominate in the absorbing roots. The three species also differ significantly from each other according to the anatomy of their absorbing roots, with T. bissectus having the most distinctive anatomy. Statistical and nonstatistical approaches to analysis of the data provided very consistent results, both in regard to differences between the two root types under study and to differences between taxa. Key words: absorbing roots, anchoring roots, Asplundia, Cyclanthaceae, Evodianthus, root anatomy, Thoracocarpus.

Early development of cassava (Manihot esculenta)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3040-3048 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Lowe ◽  
J. D. Mahon ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Root Axis

Root development and plant dry matter distribution were observed for 16 weeks after planting in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown from stem cuttings in controlled-environment chambers with a day–night temperature of 32–27 °C. During an initial phase lasting 6 weeks, axillary shoots and adventitious roots regenerated, while the original cutting lost weight, and total plant weight remained constant. During the second phase from the 6th to the 16th week there was growth of all plant parts including root tubers. Tuber growth accounted for 46% of plant dry matter accumulated over the final 2 weeks of the study. Roots arising from the base of the cutting were more numerous than nodal roots and produced a proportionately greater number of tubers. Differentiation of secondary tissues started at 4 weeks, and root thickening was visible to the naked eye at 6 weeks. Tuber initiation occurred over the 6- to 16-week period in some of the thickened roots and resulted from production of enlarged storage parenchyma cells in place of secondary xylem fibres, along part of the root axis. At 8 weeks, these thickenings became visible to the naked eye as tubers, distinguishable from the thinner "neck" region, which continued to produce normal secondary xylem with little storage tissue. Other roots thickened uniformly along the root axis, by normal secondary growth, and did not initiate tubers. Root tubers grew in size by continued production of storage tissue, increasing tuber width but not length, accompanied by a decrease in sugar content and increase in starch content.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Form Affects Growth, Mineral Nutrient Content, and Root Anatomy of Cotoneaster and Rudbeckia

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen T. Kraus ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Charles E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Ornamental Shrub ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Five ratios of NH4+: NO3-(100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) were evaluated for impact on growth of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. `Skogholm' (cotoneaster), a woody ornamental shrub, and Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. `Goldsturm' (rudbeckia), an herbaceous perennial. Nitrate alone decreased dry weight and leaf area of cotoneaster and rudbeckia compared with mixtures of NH4+ and NO3- and NH4+ alone. Additionally, NO3- alone suppressed accumulation of cationic nutrients and N in cotoneaster, while mixes of NH4+ and NO3- enhanced accumulation of nutrients in roots and shoots of rudbeckia compared with solutions containing either NH4+ or NO3- alone. The steles of roots of cotoneaster and rudbeckia contained more secondary xylem with larger tracheary elements with a mix of 25 NH4+: 75 NO3- than with NO3- alone.

Pityostrobus mcmurrayensis sp.nov., a permineralized pinaceous cone from the Cretaceous of Alberta

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Stockey
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Mcmurray Formation ◽  
Cone Axis ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
Cone Scale

A new pinaceous species is described from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) McMurray Formation of Alberta. The cone is partially lignitic with permineralized ovules, 13 cm long × 4 cm wide, and occurs in a siliceous sandstone matrix. Thin sections were made after embedding with bioplastic and infiltration of cut faces with epoxy. Externally the helically arranged flattened cone scales resemble those of extant Picea. Scales bear two inverted, winged ovules containing shrunken nucellar and megagametophyte tissue. The cone axis is slender and contains small wedges of secondary xylem lacking resin canals. Vascularization of the cone–scale complex is similar to the non-Pinus species of the Pinaceae with bract and scale traces separate at their origins. One large abaxial resin canal, 1 mm in diameter, accompanies the traces out into the scale for 1 cm before branching. Two large bundles of sclerenchyma accompany the scale vascular tissue and may have served to open the cone at maturity. The bract, small and triangular in outline, has a terete trace and two lateral resin canals. Cone and seed structure are closely comparable to fossil pinaceous genera Pseudoaraucaria and Pityostrobus and the non-Pinus genera of the extant Pinaceae.

Comparative analysis of hypocotyl development in epiphytic, lignotuber-forming, and terrestrial Vaccinieae (Ericaceae)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger C. Evans ◽  
Sam P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Hypocotyl Development

A comparative analysis of hypocotyl development was undertaken with seedlings of three Vaccinieae (Ericaceae) species ( Macleania pentaptera Hoerold, Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C. Sm., and Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) to determine the developmental basis for enlarged hypocotyls leading to the development of woody tubers (lignotubers) in M. pentaptera and M. rupestris. Differences in hypocotyl development are apparent after the first true leaves are visible in each species. Vascular tissue in M. rupestris and V. angustifolium is composed primarily of axial columns of secondary xylem. Secondary xylem tissues in M. pentaptera remain mostly parenchymatous and form radial columns of cells through numerous periclinal divisions. Furthermore, the secondary xylem of M. pentaptera comprises random networks of interconnected, small xylem elements in comparison with the secondary xylem of M. rupestris and V. angustifolium. These differences in hypocotyl development persist through the first 200 d of hypocotyl development, and ultimately lead to the development of a large lignotuber in M. pentaptera. Given the large amounts of parenchymatous tissue, a secondary xylem of relatively short secondary xylem elements, and the absence of adventitious buds, we propose that the lignotubers of M. pentaptera are used for short term water storage, rather than regeneration.

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