Biogeographic analysis of ferns and lycophytes in Oaxaca: A Mexican beta-diverse area

Background: Spatial patterns related to richness and endemism of Mexican ferns and lycophytes are not well known, particularly in highly biodiverse areas; among these, Oaxaca is considered a highly biodiverse Mexican state. Questions: Where are located the centers of richness and endemism of lycophytes and ferns in Oaxaca? Both groups of plants support the idea of beta-diverse state condition for Oaxaca? Study site and research period: The study includes all territory of Oaxaca, between 2015 and 2019. Methods: We analyzed the species distribution using grid cells of 20’ × 20’ of latitude and longitude as study units. For this, we applied species richness, endemism indexes (weighted endemism and corrected weighted endemism), and components of biodiversity (a, b and g), associated with a complementarity index. The distributional data of the species were mainly obtained from herbarium specimens. Results: The richness areas are concentrated in the Sierra Norte and Istmo regions. Three important areas in richness and endemic species are suggested from the endemism indexes. Most of the grid-cell combinations resulted in high values from the complementarity analysis suggesting a high species turnover. Conclusions: The diversity analyses suggested that Oaxaca is a beta-diverse state. The NOM-059 needs a serious, urgent, and critical revision for ferns and different biological groups. The Areas Voluntarily Designated for Conservation in Oaxaca play a major role in relation to Natural Protected Areas for conservation of ferns and lycophytes.

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Chusquea nedjaquithii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), a new endemic species from Oaxaca, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.184.1.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 184 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez ◽

Teresa Mejía-Saulés ◽

Lynn G. Clark

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Foliage Leaf ◽

Mexican State ◽

Sierra Madre ◽

Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽

Vegetative Characters

Chusquea is the most diverse among woody bamboo genera, with 174 described species. Not surprisingly, Chusquea is the most diverse bamboo genus in Mexico, and with the description of C. nedjaquithii the number of species will increase to 20, representing almost 45% of the total Mexican woody bamboo diversity. Based on fieldwork in the Mexican state of Oaxaca and revision of herbarium specimens we describe and illustrate C. nedjaquithii, a species endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca, Mexico. Chusquea nedjaquithii is similar to C. liebmannii but differs in having culms with deciduous hairs, an oblate central bud and fewer subsidiary buds, strongly geniculate branches in one row forming an incomplete verticil, oblique foliage leaf blade bases, and longer inner ligules in the foliage leaves. A key to the Mexican Chusquea species based on vegetative characters is provided.

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Holy or Not, Israel is a Palaearctic Biodiversity Hotspot

Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1560/ijee.57.3.207 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 207-211

Author(s):

Yoni Gavish

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Turnover ◽

Grid Cell ◽

Biodiversity Hotspot ◽

Statistical Prediction ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Species Area ◽

Prediction Limits ◽

Global Biodiversity

In their rebuttal to my comment, Roll et al. (2011) defend their original conclusion, by questioning the theoretical framework on which I based my analysis. They stress the importance of the statistical prediction limits and the treatment of latitudinal location as a covariate. They also add an additional grid-cell-based analysis. Here, I claim that even if provincial species-area relationships (SPAR) are not parallel, they are still different. While relying on Roll et al.'s (2011) analyses, I show that for each taxon there is at least one other provincial SPAR that lies considerably above the Palaearctic SPAR, making Palaearctic countries less favorable to be identified as a global biodiversity hotspot. I further claim that prediction limits should not be used to answer the question in focus and that adding latitude as a covariate does not alter the results. Finally, I address the grid-cell analyses of Roll et al. (2011), claiming that Israel's diversity lies mainly in the species turnover between cells (i.e., β diversity) and not on the average species richness within cells (α diversity). Therefore I hold on to my former conclusion that at least for three taxa—birds, mammals, and reptiles—Israel is indeed a Palaearctic provincial hotspot.

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Spread of Veronica filiformis (Scrophulariaceae) in the Sudetes

Biodiversity Research and Conservation ◽

10.2478/v10119-012-0025-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Remigiusz Pielech ◽

Krzysztof Zając ◽

Marek Malicki

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Western Europe ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Alien Plant Species ◽

Alien Plant ◽

Critical Revision ◽

Field Works

Abstract Veronica filiformis is an alien plant species widely distributed, across Central and Western Europe. The first observation of the species in the Sudetes was reported in 1942. Until 2000, only a few scattered sites were known in south-western Poland. During the last decade, V.filiformis was observed more frequently in many ranges of the Sudetes. In 2007, field works intended to discover new sites of the species were conducted as well as a critical revision of herbarium specimens stored in WRSL was performed. The number of known localities totals 37. Almost 65% of them were discovered during the last decade. The data are now summarized to bring up to date the known distribution and invasion scale of V. filiformis in the Polish part of the Sudetes.

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A Synopsis of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) in Michoacán, Mexico

Taxonomy ◽

10.3390/taxonomy1040029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 395-424

Author(s):

Victor W. Steinmann

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

The State ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Strong Tendency ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Mexican State ◽

Type Information ◽

State Regional

A taxonomic and nomenclatural review of the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae) in the Mexican state of Michoacán is presented. Six sections and 20 species are here reported. The greatest diversity is in the Balsas Depression province, where at least 12 species occur. There is a strong tendency to thrive in tropical deciduous forest. An identification key is provided, and for each species, the following information is included: protologue citation, type information, habit, habitat, and elevation within the state, regional and global distribution, and phenology. Relevant synonyms are listed, as too are herbarium specimens. Lectotypes are designated for Croton draco, C. niveus, and C. calvescens. One species, Croton rojasii, is described as new and illustrated with photos. It is known only from tropical deciduous forest in the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve, at elevations from 400 to 700 m. It belongs to sect. Geiseleria and is remarkable because of the strongly unequal pistillate sepals, the larger of which becoming accrescent and exceeding the fruit.

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Temporal shifts in a Xylaria assemblage (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae) resulting from management activities in a protected cloud forest

Acta Botanica Mexicana ◽

10.21829/abm126.2019.1378 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Santiago Chacón ◽

Elsa Utrera-Barillas ◽

Miguel A. García-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Species Turnover ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Species Number ◽

Gamma Diversity ◽

Natural Protected Areas ◽

Beta And Gamma Diversity ◽

Temporal Shifts

Background and Aims: Tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) is one of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. Natural protected areas (NPAs) have been established to prevent further loss of these forests in Mexico. To assess whether management activities temporally impact the biodiversity of NPAs, the use of indicator groups, such as some groups of macromycetes, has been proposed. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal shifts over the last 36 years in the alpha, beta, and gamma diversity of a Xylaria assemblage in a NPA of TMCF as a result of anthropogenic management activities.Methods: Collections were performed in a 31 ha NPA of TMCF in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, during three 10 year and one six year sampling periods (1980-2016), taking into account specimens deposited in the herbarium XAL and collections performed by the authors, mainly in the two latter periods. Species number and abundance, compositional similarity, species turnover, and gamma diversity of assemblages were determined and compared among the sampling periods.Key results: Of 3480 individuals belonging to 30 Xylaria species, the most abundant species were X. scruposa, X. anisopleura, X. berteroi, X. cubensis, X. feejeensis, X. albocinctoides, and X. arbuscula. The inventory completeness was 99.9%. Species richness varied from six (1990-1999) to 28 species (2010-2016). Jaccard index separated two assemblage clusters. Gamma diversity was more influenced by beta diversity than alpha diversity.Conclusions: Xylaria assemblages are a useful bioindicator group and monitoring them over time may provide information about the impacts of management on TMCF ecosystems. Temporal dynamics of these assemblages partly depend on the historically implemented management in the NPA of TMCF. Effective conservation outcomes for TMCF will only be achieved if current management strategies are maintained and integrated into the long-term management framework of NPAs containing TMCF.

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Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 497 (3) ◽

pp. 285-297

Author(s):

EDUARDO RUIZ-SANCHEZ ◽

RAFAEL ROMERO-GUZMAN ◽

ALEJANDRA FLORES-ARGÜELLES ◽

JUAN PABLO ORTIZ-BRUNEL ◽

LYNN G. CLARK

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Volcanic Belt ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Southern South America ◽

Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽

Mexican State ◽

Sierra Madre ◽

Two New Species ◽

Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽

Total Diversity

Chusquea is the richest genus of woody bamboo worldwide, with 191 described species distributed from Mexico, the Antilles, and Central America to southern South America. Mexico has 22 described species distributed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur, Sierra Madre Oriental and Chiapas Highlands. Two of the five subgenera recognized within Chusquea, subg. Chusquea and subg. Swallenochloa, are present in Mexico. Chusquea subg. Chusquea is classified into six sections, of which Chusquea sect. Longifoliae has 12 described species; four of them are present in Mexico. Based on recent morphological work that included an extensive taxonomic investigation of herbarium specimens and fieldwork carried out in the Mexican state of Jalisco, two new Chusquea species, C. contrerasii and C. guzmanii, are described and illustrated here. Both species are endemic to Jalisco, Mexico. Morphologically, Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanni are similar to C. nelsonii. A comparative morphological table is presented, and in addition to the scientific illustrations, photographs of both species are also presented here. These two new species increase the total number of Chusquea species in Mexico to 24. Sect. Longifoliae now has 14 species, six of them distributed in Mexico and the total diversity of Chusquea increases to 193 described species.

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Track analysis of the order Gomphales (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.316.1.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 316 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

ASTRID GONZÁLEZ-ÁVILA ◽

RAÚL CONTRERAS-MEDINA ◽

DAVID ESPINOSA ◽

ISOLDA LUNA-VEGA

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Belt ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Natural Protected Areas ◽

Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Track Analysis ◽

Occurrence Records

The geographic distribution of 10 genera and 71 species of the order Gomphales in Mexico is analysed using the panbiogeographic approach. This allows us to gain a better understanding of distribution patterns and to propose conservation areas. We compiled a database containing 3,484 occurrence records for Gomphales from taxonomic literature, herbarium specimens, institutional databases and field collections. Using this database, we obtained individual tracks for species of Gomphales. From the comparison and intersection of the 43 individual tracks, we identified six generalised tracks and 10 panbiogeographic nodes. Most of the generalised tracks were associated with the main Mexican mountains systems. Accordingly, panbiogeographic nodes were mainly located along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Most nodes coincided with previously recognised nodes in other taxa, and almost half were located within Natural Protected Areas. Based on our results, we suggest that future molecular studies are necessary in order to define with precision species limits, which together with regional species inventories in tropical areas will significantly improve our understanding of fungal distributions. An integrative discussion regarding conservation criteria, and how to integrate endemic species on conservation programs is also included.

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Two new species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) from Mexico, one of them morphologically unusual, and a key to the Mexican sections of Chusquea

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.92.1.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

EDUARDO RUIZ-SANCHEZ ◽

LYNN G. CLARK

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

High Elevation ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Narrow Endemic ◽

Foliage Leaf ◽

Mexican State ◽

Two New Species ◽

Mexican Species

Based on recent morphological work that included an extensive taxonomic investigation of herbarium specimens and fieldwork in the Mexican state of Michoacán, two new Chusquea species, C. matlatzinca and C. cortesii, are here described and illustrated. C. matlatzinca is a narrow endemic to Michoacán and has unusual vegetative morphology. Chusquea matlatzinca is compared with the rare, high elevation Mexican endemics C. perotensis and C. bilimekii, from which it can be separated by its thick-walled, hollow culms, extravaginal branching pattern and short inner ligule of the foliage leaves. Chusquea cortesii is compared with C. aperta and C. nelsonii, from which it can be separated by possessing wider and longer culms, fewer subsidiary branches per node, shorter nodal regions with a slightly more prominent supranodal ridge, slightly mottled internodes and longer and wider foliage leaf blades. Morphological keys to the sections of Chusquea present in Mexico and to the Mexican species of each of these two sections, including the new species, are presented.

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Orobanche elatior and O. kochii (Orobanchaceae) in Poland: distribution, taxonomy, plant communities and seed micromorphology

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2014.031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 103-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renata Piwowarczyk ◽

Łukasz Krajewski

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Field Studies ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Host Preferences ◽

Seed Micromorphology ◽

Critical Revision ◽

Color Form ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron

Species of the genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae), parasitic on Centaurea in Central Europe, were previously considered to belong to the O. elatior group. At present, the taxon is differentiated into two species, O. elatior Sutton and O. kochii F.W. Schultz. The paper presents for the first time the distribution of O. elatior and O. kochii in Poland based on a critical revision of herbarium and the literature data, as well as the results of field studies conducted between 1999 and 2014. The majority of the species’ localities are in south Poland: Silesia-Cracow, Małopolska and the Lublin Uplands. The distribution of both species in Poland is mapped and chronologically organized, and is thus the most recent in Europe. The taxonomy, host preferences, and ecology are also discussed. Seeds of both species were also investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy, which resulted in the designation of diagnostic features. The new color form of O. kochii f. citrina is described and illustrated. An account of all revised herbarium specimens collected from Poland, deposited in Poland and neighboring countries, is presented.

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Updated checklist and conservation status of Cactaceae in the state of Durango, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 327 (2) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MARTHA GONZÁLEZ-ELIZONDO ◽

M. SOCORRO GONZÁLEZ-ELIZONDO ◽

JESÚS GUADALUPE GONZÁLEZ-GALLEGOS ◽

JORGE A. TENA-FLORES ◽

I. LORENA LÓPEZ ENRIQUEZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservation Status ◽

Field Work ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Generic Level ◽

Specific Level ◽

New Information ◽

Mexican State ◽

Annotated Checklist

An updated and annotated checklist of Cactaceae in the Mexican state of Durango is provided, supported by a thorough examination of specialized literature and herbarium specimens, as well as field work. Additionally, geographical distribution, endemism and conservation status of the species were analyzed based on a compiled data matrix with 2326 georeferenced records. Cactaceae comprises 137 species and 29 genera in Durango, which represent a high proportion of the Mexican cactus flora: 46−58% at the generic level and 20−23% at the specific level. The estimated richness according to Chao-2 and Jackknife-1 is 143 and 151 species respectively, which means that the inventory we present here for the Cactaceae of Durango is complete in 91 to 96%. Since no herbarium specimens nor registers in reliable data bases were found to support their presence in the area, 46 taxa were excluded; even so, this inventory increases by 30% the cacti richness previously reported for Durango and provides new information on the distribution range of many species. The richest genera are Mammillaria, Opuntia, Coryphantha and Echinocereus. The highest concentration of species occurs in the arid and semiarid zone of eastern Durango, although there are also some spots with significant richness in the tropical region on the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental. 75% of the species are endemic to Mexico, 41% are regional endemics and 5% are restricted to Durango. New records and relevant novelties are also discussed.

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