scholarly journals Effects of plant spacing and fertilizer level on forage yield and chemical composition of hybrid Urochloa cv. Mulato II grass during the first 150 days of growth under irrigation supplementation, in Chagni Ranch, Awi Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Tadesse ◽  
Berhanu Alemu ◽  
Mesganaw Addis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant spacing and N fertilizer application on dry matter yield and chemical composition of Urochloa hybrid cv. Mulato II grass for the first 150 days after planting. A factorial experiment with 3 urea fertilizer levels (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and 4 spacings between plants and rows (20 × 20, 30 × 40, 40 × 60 and 50 × 80 cm) with 3 replications was used. Data collected were dry matter yield (DMY), leaf:stem ratio and chemical analyses, i.e. crude protein (CP), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations. Results indicated that DMY, leaf:stem ratio, CP%, NDF% and ADF% were significantly (P<0.05) affected by interactions between plant spacing and fertilizer level. However, ash and ADL were significantly (P<0.05) affected only by main effects. The highest DMYs (9.18 t/ha and 8.93 t/ha) were recorded for narrowest plant spacing (20 × 20 cm) with higher urea fertilizer level (100 kg/ha) and narrowest plant spacing (20 × 20 cm) with medium urea fertilizer level (50 kg/ha), respectively. CP% ranged from 14.6 to 20% and leaf:stem ratio from 1.12 to 1.82:1. Similar studies need to be conducted over longer periods to determine to what extent these findings relate to performance over the life of a permanent pasture.

scholarly journals Effects of fertilizer type and harvesting age on species composition, yield and chemical composition of natural pasture in the highlands of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Yalew ◽  
Bimrew Asmare ◽  
Yeshambel Mekuriaw
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Forage Species

Abstract. Yalew S, Asmare B, Mekuriaw Y. 2020. Effects of fertilizer type and harvesting age on species composition, yield, and chemical composition of natural pasture in the highlands of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 21: 4999-5007. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer type and harvesting age on species composition, yield, and chemical composition of natural pasture in the highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of two factors (fertilizer and harvesting age) with five replications. The data collected from the current study were forage species composition, dry matter yield, and chemical composition of natural pasture at different ages of harvesting. Forage species composition was determined by taking representative samples and identifying species from each sampling site. The samples of natural pasture were harvested at 90 and 120 days of age, weighed, dried, and then ground after that subsamples were taken for analyses of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). All the collected data were subjected to GLM ANOVA procedures of SAS version 9.0. The result indicated that all species composition and dry matter yield were significantly affected (P<0.001) by fertilizer type and harvesting ages. Higher forbs (0.66%) were found in control plot at 90 days of harvesting age. Natural pasture harvested at 120 days of harvesting and urea fertilizer application results the highest dry matter yield (DMY) (8.26 t/ha) while the lowest level (3.20 t/ha) from unfertilized plot at 90 and 120 days of harvesting. The relative proportion of legumes in the natural pasture attained its climax stage at 90 days while grass attained at 120 days of harvesting. The highest mean DMY (6.24 tone/ha) was obtained at 120 days of harvesting and the lowest (4.71 ton/ha) at 90 days of harvesting. Among the chemical composition parameters, DM, ash and CP were significantly affected (P<0.001) by both fertilizer type and harvesting age. The content of CP and ash were increased with manure fertilizer at early harvest age and were decreased with delayed harvest age. The application of fertilizer type did not significantly affect (P>0.05) NDF content of the natural pasture rather affected by stage of harvesting (P<0.001). Regardless of DM yield, better quality pasture was recorded for early (90 days) harvesting age and use of compost recommended for future natural pasture improvements as use of chemical fertilizer is relatively expensive for the majority of smallholder farmers in the highlands.

Determination of forage yield and quality of mixtures of hairy vetch with some cereals (oat, barley and wheat) grown as catch crop

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Budakli Çarpici
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Feed Value

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mixture rates of hairy vetch with oat, barley and wheat on dry matter yield and its quality and to determine the suitable mixture when grown as catch crop at Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Application Center, Bursa Turkey during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. The experimental plant entries were Menemen-79 variety of hairy vetch, Faikbey cultivar of oat, Akhisar-98 cultivar of barley and Flamura cultivar of wheat. Nine mixtures (25 % oat:75 % hairy vetch, 50 % oat:50 % hairy vetch, 75 % oat:25 % hairy vetch, 25 % barley:75 % hairy vetch, 50 % barley:50 % hairy vetch, 75 % barley:25 % hairy vetch, 25 % wheat:75 % hairy vetch, 50 % wheat:50 % hairy vetch, 75 % wheat:25 % hairy vetch) were used. Several parameters such as dry matter yield, leaf area index, light interception, crude protein content and yield; ADF (acid detergent fiber) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) contents and relative feed value have been examined in the experiment. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from the mixtures of 50 % oat:50 % hairy vetch (12 040 kg ha-1) and 75 % oat:25 % hairy vetch (11 748 kg ha-1). According to the two-year results, the higher and quality hay yield (low in ADF and NDF values, high in relative feed value) was produced at 50 % oat:50 % hairy vetch mixture, and this mixture have been proposed to the experimental conditions due to its suitability.

A two-level unreplicated factorial experiment to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on dry matter yield of permanent pasture

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Astatkie ◽  
A.A. Joseph ◽  
R.C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Permanent Pasture

In organic pasture systems, the balance of soil fertility is maintained by maximizing the cycling of on-farm nutrients. In this study, the effect of fertility management on dry matter yield in organic pasture systems was examined using an unreplicated 25 factorial design. The factors were nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), compost and seaweed extract, each at two levels (with [+] and without [−]). The trials were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at two fields on an organic dairy farm in Nova Scotia, Canada. The pasture mix is predominantly perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and white clover. The fertility treatments were applied in spring, and forage yield was collected from early-, mid- and late-summer harvests. The analysis revealed the significance of several interaction effects, which varied considerably from harvest to harvest. Both +N and +Compost treatments were associated with increased yield. High levels of P and K already present in the soil either diminished or varied the effects of P and K treatments. Seaweed extract enhanced the effectiveness of N and compost, but reduced yield when used alone. The results suggest that the commonly recommended use of seaweed extract for organic pasture management can be detrimental to biomass production unless sufficient nitrogen is provided. Despite the unusually dry weather in the 2 years, the study demonstrated the applicability of unreplicated two-level factorial experiments in agricultural field studies.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradability of forage soybean cultivars

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. C. F. García ◽  
P. Seguin ◽  
O. Marois-Mainguy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of forage soybean cultivar on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and ruminal degradability of silage. Two cultivars of forage soybean (Kodiak and Mammouth) were field-grown, harvested at the R6 stage, and ensiled in mini-silos (n = 3) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 d. Two ruminally fistulated cows were used to determine in situ ruminal nutrient degradabilities of the 45-d silages. Both cultivars went through slow fermentation as indicated by a gradual decline in pH up to day 45 post-ensiling. Lactic acid concentration increased throughout ensiling and was higher for Mammouth than Kodiak except at day 45 post-ensiling. Analysis of the 45-d silages showed that Mammouth contained higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 490 vs. 444 g kg-1), acid detergent fiber (371 vs. 353 g kg-1) and acid detergent lignin (81 vs. 64 g kg-1) than Kodiak. However, crude protein (CP) concentration was higher for Kodiak than Mammouth. Mammouth silage had lower buffer soluble protein and higher neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein concentrations than Kodiak silage. Results of the in situ study indicated that Kodiak silage had greater ruminal dry matter (606 vs. 549 g kg-1), CP (828 vs. 752 g kg -1) and NDF (272 vs. 227 g kg-1) degradabilities than Mammouth. It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of forage soybean silage were significantly influenced by cultivar. Key words: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.], silage, ensiling; forage quality, nutrient degradability

scholarly journals Determining the proper sowing time for the mixture of Hungarian vetch and triticale under continental climate conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan KIR
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Continental Climate

ABSTRACT: The research was conducted to determine forage yield and some quality characteristics of Hungarian vetch + triticale mixture, sowed in five different times under rainfed conditions of central Anatolia, Turkey. The mixture was sowed in the second, third and fourth week of October, and the first and the second week of November in 2017 and 2018. Depending on the sowing times, plant height (PH) of Hungarian vetch and triticale was between 46.7 and 59.4 cm, and 85.9 and 93.4 cm, respectively. Green forage yield (GFY) was between 1746.2 and 2059.4 kg da-1, dry matter yield (DMY) was between 541.0 and 707.6 kg da-1, crude protein yield (CPY) was between 80.4 and 110.3 kg da-1, digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) was between 340.8 and 453.9 kg da-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratio was between 31.8 and 33.7%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio was between 44.7 and 49.5%, total digestible nutrient (TDN) was between 57.9 and 60.4% and relative feed value (RFV) was between 118.6 and 133.8. Sowing time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on PH of triticale, while it has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on GFY, DMY, CPY, DDMY, NDF ratios and RFV. Delaying the sowing time caused a decrease in the GFY, DMY and quality of the mixture. Results revealed that the first week of October is the most appropriate sowing time to obtain high dry matter yield with high quality under continental climate conditions of the central Anatolia.

scholarly journals Predicted milk production per hectare based on yield and chemical composition of native and hybrid maize silage varieties on temperate and tropical regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles Jiménez ◽  
Manuel González Ronquillo ◽  
Melchor Rosas Davila ◽  
Jorge Osorio Avalos ◽  
Carlos Palacios Riocerezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Maize Varieties

The objective of the present study was to characterize maize silage according to chemical composition, maize silage yield, as well as their predicted milk production. A search was made on studies related to maize silage yield, density, chemical composition (DM, CP, NDF, starch), and dry matter digestibility (DMD). In this study, 41 maize varieties from temperate regions and 101 maize varieties from tropical origin were analyzed. The net energy of lactation (NEL Mcal/kg DM), kilograms of milk per t of silage (kg of milk/t DM), and kilograms of milk per hectare of silage (kg of milk/ha) were determined. A cluster (CL) analysis was performed, and six CL of maize silage were obtained. The CL1 included digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, NEL, and kg of milk/t DM. CL2 was characterized by maize silage with the highest number of plants per hectare and NDF. CL3 included the highest ash content. CL4 consisted of intermediate values for all variables. CL5 included the highest forage yield (t DM/ha) and kg of milk/ha whereas CL6 included the highest kg of milk/t. Overall, CL1 resulted in the highest DMD and NEL, producing more milk per t DM. Results suggested that the ideal option is maize silage with a higher forage yield and more than 35 % DM (CL5) since this produces more kg of milk per hectare.

THE PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY TIME OF IRRIGATION AND TIME AND RATE OF N FERTILIZATION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN ◽  
F. G. WARDER ◽  
H. C. KORVEN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Content ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
P Content

The effects of five times of irrigation, two times of N-fertilizer application and four rates of N-fertilizer application on the seed yield, dry matter yield, N, P, NO3-N, Ca, Mg, and K content and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio of Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), were studied from 1974 to 1977. No clear-cut methods to maximize the seed yield on irrigated land were found. Highest dry matter yields were obtained from grass given three irrigations and 400 kg N/ha per year. Spring applications of N fertilizer resulted in forage with a higher N content than fall applications. The N content of the forage increased with increasing levels of N fertilizer, whereas the P content of the forage was reduced by N fertilizer applications. Toxic levels of nitrates can be expected from spring applications of 400 kg N/ha. This danger was reduced if N fertilizer was applied in the fall. The Ca, Mg and K content increased with increasing levels of N fertilizer. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio indicated that there was little danger of grass tetany problems in animals fed fertilized Altai wild ryegrass.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition and fermentative characteristics of Massai grass silage added with licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira ◽  
Ossival Lolato Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana Regina Bagaldo ◽  
Máikal Sousa Borja ◽  
Bráulio Rocha Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Forage Value

This study evaluated the best level of inclusion of licuri cake (Syagrus coronata) in massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus) silage by chemical composition and fermentation quality of the silage. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of Federal University of Bahia. The treatments were composed by massai grass cut at 40 days, chopped and added at levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg DM-1 of licuri cake. After mixing, the material was compressed in experimental silos, which were opened after 76 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. The addition of licuri cake improve linear increase (P < 0.01) in the contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, pH, NH3-N, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index in massai grass silage There was a linear reduction in the contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01). There were no differences on contents non-fibrous carbohydrates (P = 0.356) and acid detergent lignin (P = 0.432). It is recommended the inclusion of licuri cake at level of 240 g kg DM-1 in massai silage, because provided the greatest chemical composition, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index.

EVALUATION OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS FOR REACTION TO CROWN AND ROOT ROT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MICHAUD ◽  
C. RICHARD
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Disease Free

Fourteen alfalfa cultivars were grown for 2 yr at three locations and evaluated for forage dry matter yield and crown and root rot. Significant differences were found among cultivars for dry matter yield. All cultivars were affected by crown and root rot, most cultivars showing between 20 and 30% of infected tissues. Differences were observed among as well as within the cultivars for disease severity. The frequency of disease-free plants was less than 1.3% of the plants evaluated. Correlation between root rot index and forage yield was −0.87 [Formula: see text] when data were pooled over years and locations.Key words: Lucerne, root rot, cultivar, yield

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