Predicted milk production per hectare based on yield and chemical composition of native and hybrid maize silage varieties on temperate and tropical regions

The objective of the present study was to characterize maize silage according to chemical composition, maize silage yield, as well as their predicted milk production. A search was made on studies related to maize silage yield, density, chemical composition (DM, CP, NDF, starch), and dry matter digestibility (DMD). In this study, 41 maize varieties from temperate regions and 101 maize varieties from tropical origin were analyzed. The net energy of lactation (NEL Mcal/kg DM), kilograms of milk per t of silage (kg of milk/t DM), and kilograms of milk per hectare of silage (kg of milk/ha) were determined. A cluster (CL) analysis was performed, and six CL of maize silage were obtained. The CL1 included digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, NEL, and kg of milk/t DM. CL2 was characterized by maize silage with the highest number of plants per hectare and NDF. CL3 included the highest ash content. CL4 consisted of intermediate values for all variables. CL5 included the highest forage yield (t DM/ha) and kg of milk/ha whereas CL6 included the highest kg of milk/t. Overall, CL1 resulted in the highest DMD and NEL, producing more milk per t DM. Results suggested that the ideal option is maize silage with a higher forage yield and more than 35 % DM (CL5) since this produces more kg of milk per hectare.

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Agronomic Performance and Nutritive Value of Mucuna Legume (Stilozobium Deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) as Influenced by Cutting Dates in Peruvian Central Coast

International Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.30560/ijas.v3n3p1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. p1

Author(s):

D. Escudero ◽

M. G. Echevarria ◽

Y E. D. Malpartida

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Net Energy ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Central Coast ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The agronomic performance and nutritive value of Mucuna legume (Stilozobium deeringianum (Bort) Merr.) in five stages were evaluated under climatic conditions of Peruvian central coast to estimate optimum stage of use. Five cutting ages were: 21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 days. Crop growing, forage yield, chemical composition, vitro dry matter digestibility and net energy for lactation of Mucuna were evaluated. The optimum cutting age was 84 days with 25633.3 kg. Ha-1 of fresh matter and 6422.6 kg-1 ha-1 of dry matter. In this age crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents were 14.94%, 44.80%, 33.15% and 66.12 %. Net energy for lactation was 1.43 Mcal.kg-1. These results show that Mucuna was well adapted to Peruvian Central Coast with high forage yield and nutritive value.

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Alfalfa Protein Concentrate as a Less Ruminally Degradable Protein Source for High-Producing Dairy Cows

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol2iss0pp31-35 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

C.D. Lu ◽

NA. Jorgensen

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Net Energy ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Dietary Nitrogen

Ten multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 105-day continuous feeding trial to compare soybean meal (SBM) and alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) as supplemental protein sources for high-producing dairy cows. Dairy cows with an average milk production of 35.2 kg/day were paired and randomly assigned to one of the treatments. A double reversal design was employed With 35 days per period. The comparison between treatments was made during the last 21 days of each period. Experimental diets, containing 60% corn silage and 10% alfalfa hay, were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (crude protein. 15.6%; net energy tor lactation, 1.60 Mcal/kg DM). Fifty percent of dietary nitrogen was provided by test proteins. Animals were fed four times daily. Chromie oxide boluses, 50 g/day were used to estimate digestion coefficients. Ruminal protein degradability in viva (%) and in situ(%)were 56.8, 68.3 and 47.3. 35.3 for SBM and APC, respectively. Dry matter intake (kg/day) was 19.1 and 18.6 for cows fed SBM and APC. respectively. Rummal parameters cows fed SBM vs APC were, pH. 6.6 vs 6.7, ammonia nitrogen(mg/dI) 10.8 vs 6.2(p less than 0.01); total volatile fatty acids (mM), 86.3 VS 84.6(P LESS THAN 0.05), acetate (%) , 50.8 vs 64.9 (p less than 0.01); propionate dry matter , 65.3 vs 61.8; crude protein . 67.6 vs 61.1 (P less than 0.05 ) neutral detergent fiber , 51.1 vs 52.5 ; acid detergent fiber, 47.7 vs 49.0 . A slightly higher (P more than 0.05 ) amount of milk was produced by cows fed APC(28.6+_ 3.5 vs 28.2+- 3.8 kg/day). Each additional gramof undergradable intake protein provided by APC continued to a 5- gram increase in 4% fat-corrected milk production.

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DETERMINATION OF HERBAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT SOYBEAN VARIETIES

Current Trends in Natural Sciences ◽

10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i20.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Yasin Akinci ◽

Mahmut Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Herbage Yield ◽

Effect On Yield

Objectives of the present study are to determine the variations in forage yield and quality of soybean cultivars. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications during the growing season of 2016. A total of 10 cultivars were used as the plant material of the experiments (Bravo, A3127, Traksoy, İlksoy, Mersoy, Nova, SA-88, Arısoy, Safir, Atakişi). Cultivars had a significant effect on yield and chemical composition. Results revealed that green herbage yields varied between 826.39 - 1199.17 kg/da, dry hay yields between 247.71 - 357.90 kg/da, crude protein yields between 16.91 - 39.86 kg/da, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratios between 26.56 - 34.61%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios between 38.43 - 44.85%, crude ash contents between 7.20 - 11.22%, crude protein contents between 6.66 - 13.53%, dry matter digestibility (DDM) values between 61.94 - 68.21%, dry matter intake (DMI) values between 2.68 - 3.12% and relative feed values (RFV) between 2.68 - 3.12. The results of the study showed that A3127 cultivar was found to be prominent with green herbage yield (1199.17 kg/da) and dry hay yield (357.90 kg/da) and Safir cultivar was found to be prominent with crude protein yield (39.86 kg/da). It was concluded that the soybean cultivars A3127 and Safir could be recommended for hay production.

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Yield and quality of winter common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) haylage depending on sowing method

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1104585k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1585-1594 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dj. Karagic ◽

S. Vasiljevic ◽

S. Katic ◽

A. Mikic ◽

D. Milic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Net Energy ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Yield And Quality

In order to determine an optimum ratio of vetch and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) components in their mixture, there has been carried out a four-year trial (autumn 2005 - spring 2009) aimed at the yield and quality of winter vetch haylage. The sowing rate of winter vetch was 120 kg ha-1, while the sowing rate of winter wheat was 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg ha-1. An increased proportion of the cereal in its mixture with vetch significantly decreases the stand lodging, have a positive influence on forage yield, but haylage quality is of a poorer quality. Quality characteristics such as crude protein and lignin content, total digestible nutrients, dry matter intake and relative feed value were highest in monoculture common vetch followed by mixture with the lowest rate of wheat. Neutral detergent fiber content was positively affected by intercropping. There were no significant differences among treatments for acid detergent fiber content, digestible dry matter, and net energy for lactation. The most favorable balance between the haylage yield and quality, as well as the highest CP yield (1482 kg ha-1), was achieved by the mixture of 120 kg ha-1 of the vetch seed and 15 kg ha-1 of wheat.

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Chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of sugar cane oxide treated with calcium

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-41625930 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 529-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.O. Romão ◽

G.G.P. Carvalho ◽

V.M. Leite ◽

A.S. Santos ◽

D.M.T. Chagas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The aim of this study was to identify the most adequate level of calcium oxide (CaO) in the treatment of sugar cane by evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. The sugar cane was homogenized with CaO levels 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5%, in natura matter, for 24 hours. The dry matter and mineral matter increased, while the organic matter of the sugar cane decreased (P <0.05) linearly as a result of the CaO levels. The CaO had no effect on the levels of crude protein and ether extract. The phosphorus concentration remained unchanged, but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the calcium content. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose decreased linearly with the levels of CaO. The average levels of indigestible dry matter and indigestible neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased with increasing levels of CaO. The results showed that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was different between fresh sugar cane and sugar cane with added levels of CaO from 1.5%. The IVDMD and nutritional value of the sugar cane was improved by adding 1.5% CaO based on fresh content.

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Assesment of Biochemical Forage Quality of Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. saccharatum]

Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajocs/2021/v9i319071 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Abdullah Oktem ◽

Celal Yucel ◽

Ayse Gulgun Oktem

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Net Energy ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

In this study, it was aimed to determine some forage quality characteristics of sweet sorghum genotypes in semi-arid climatic conditions. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Research was carried out in 2016 and 2017 under Harran Plain second crop conditions, Sanliurfa, Turkey. In the study 21 genotypes of sweet sorghum were used. Crude protein content, crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter digestibility, dry matter consumption, were determined in the study. Significant differences were found between the genotypes for tested characteristics (P≤0.01). According to average of two years, crude protein content ranged from 4.20% (Tracy) to 5.90% (USDA S.Africa), crude ash from 4.44% (Theis) to 6.90% (Topper 76), acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 27.84% (Nebraska sugar) to 36.30% (USDA-Zaire). The highest NDF value was obtained from USDA-Zaire genotype (56.49%) whereas the lowest values were seen at N98 genotype (43.11%). Dry matter digestibility values were between 60.62% (USDA-Zaire) and 67.21% (Nebraska sugar), dry matter consumption between 2.14% and 2.85%. The highest relative feed value was obtained from N98 genotype (148.95) whereas the lowest values were seen at USDA-Zaire genotype (101.00). Net energy values ranged from 1.38 Mcal kg-1 (USDA-Zaire) to 1.50 Mcal kg-1 (Nebraska sugar). Considering the properties examined in terms of feed quality, it was seen that the crude protein content and net energy value was low. But ADF, NDF, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed values were within acceptable levels. Nebraska sugar, Topper 76, N98, Roma, M81E, Tracy and Corina genotypes were found as the best for forage quality in sweet sorghum. It was determined that sweet sorghum can be used as a forage source.

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A SURVEY OF SILAGE QUALITY ON NORTHLAND DAIRY FARMS

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1982.43.1607 ◽

1982 ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

K. Betteridge ◽

J.R. Sedcole

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Wide Range ◽

Silage Quality

A survey was made on 31 dairy farms of the botanical and chemical composition of pasture being ensiled and of the chemical composition of the resultant silages. Despite the wide range in grass (37-100s) and legume (O-SO%) components, drymatter content (20-56v/o), soluble carbohydrate (4-19s) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (43-69%) contents, NDF was the only component significantly correlated with dry matter digestibility (range 53-76%) (r = -0.77; P > 0.01). Wilting time ranged from 2-47 hours except in seven of the silages which were not wilted. Four silages were not covered with polythene but were similar in chemical composition to other silages when sampled in summer. Phosphorus (P) (.lS-.42% DM) and nitrogen (N) (l.O-2.2% DM) in silage were below published requirements for cows in mid lactation in more than 75% of the silages. It is suggested that either or both of these minerals may limit milk production from cows fed a predominantly silage ration during summer. Ensiling of less-mature pasture is advocated to ensure a more digestible feed which is likely to contain adequate levels of P and N.

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Production of Jiggs bermudagrass and the impact of quality milk production and quality of Holstein dairy cows under an intermittent grazing system

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2016-0136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 279-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.V. Brandstetter ◽

K.A.P. Costa ◽

M.A.P. da Silva ◽

F.R. Araújo Neto ◽

V.R. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Grazing System ◽

The Impact

Dairy production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy and high-quality forage is necessary for ruminants to produce satisfactory milk levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass and its effects on the production and quality parameters of milk from Holstein cows under an intermittent grazing system throughout the year. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with the four seasons as treatments, replicated five times. The season had a significant effect on the production and nutritional parameters of Jiggs bermudagrass with the highest total dry matter production observed during summer, followed by spring and fall. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly higher in winter. The in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in summer, spring, and fall. Jiggs bermudagrass is a promising forage for the enhancement of milk production under intermittent stocking. However, its effects vary seasonally which exerts a greater influence during the winter, even with irrigation, because it directly affects the milk production and quality. The correlation results demonstrated the importance of better quality forage for increasing milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

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EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND ANNUAL SEASONS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASSES UNDER GRAZING - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984.v22n04a05

Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG ◽

10.13083/reveng.v22i4.457 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 331-340

Author(s):

Carlos Augusto Brasileiro de Alencar ◽

Fernando França da Cunha ◽

Rubens Alves de Oliveira ◽

Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽

Carlos Eugênio Martins

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Winter Season ◽

Reference Value ◽

Sprinkler System ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Plot Design

The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of six grasses subjected to different irrigation depths and seasons. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized arrangement with two replications in a split-split plot design. The treatments included plots with six grasses (Xaraés, Mombaça, Tanzania, Pioneiro, Marandu and Estrela), six irrigation depths for the split-plots (0%, 18%, 45%, 77%, 100% and 120% of the reference value provided by the tensiometer), and two seasons as the split-split plots (autumn/winter and spring/summer). A line source sprinkler system was used for application of the irrigation depths. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and IVDMD were evaluated and obtained in accordance with literature. The factors studied affect the CP. However in the autumn/winter season the grasses presented differences in the NDF content, where Estrela presented the largest and Pioneiro the smallest NDF contents. The season and irrigation depths did not affect the NDF. Estrela grass presented the smallest IDVMD and the autumn/winter season resulted in greater digestibility for the grasses Xaraés, Mombaça and Tanzania only. The irrigation depths had an effect on some combinations of grasses and seasons.

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Effects of plant spacing and fertilizer level on forage yield and chemical composition of hybrid Urochloa cv. Mulato II grass during the first 150 days of growth under irrigation supplementation, in Chagni Ranch, Awi Zone, Ethiopia

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)391-396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 391-396

Author(s):

Wondimagegn Tadesse ◽

Berhanu Alemu ◽

Mesganaw Addis

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Permanent Pasture ◽

Acid Detergent Lignin

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant spacing and N fertilizer application on dry matter yield and chemical composition of Urochloa hybrid cv. Mulato II grass for the first 150 days after planting. A factorial experiment with 3 urea fertilizer levels (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and 4 spacings between plants and rows (20 × 20, 30 × 40, 40 × 60 and 50 × 80 cm) with 3 replications was used. Data collected were dry matter yield (DMY), leaf:stem ratio and chemical analyses, i.e. crude protein (CP), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations. Results indicated that DMY, leaf:stem ratio, CP%, NDF% and ADF% were significantly (P<0.05) affected by interactions between plant spacing and fertilizer level. However, ash and ADL were significantly (P<0.05) affected only by main effects. The highest DMYs (9.18 t/ha and 8.93 t/ha) were recorded for narrowest plant spacing (20 × 20 cm) with higher urea fertilizer level (100 kg/ha) and narrowest plant spacing (20 × 20 cm) with medium urea fertilizer level (50 kg/ha), respectively. CP% ranged from 14.6 to 20% and leaf:stem ratio from 1.12 to 1.82:1. Similar studies need to be conducted over longer periods to determine to what extent these findings relate to performance over the life of a permanent pasture.

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