scholarly journals Elemental Composition of Needle Foliage of Pinaceae Forest Forming Species in the Territory with Cumulative Environmental Damage (South Baikal Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Olga Belykh ◽  
Elena Chuparina
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exposure Limit

The article is dedicated to the issues of sustainable development of territories with cumulative environmental damage on the basis of improving environmental analysis techniques of forest ecosystems health in Baikal region. The authors discuss the processes related to degradation of dark coniferous forests due to the emissions of pulp and paper industry. The factors affecting the development and producing capacity of forest stand are pointed out, namely highly acidic soil and heavy metals pollution. The data obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis of needles are presented. They prove the presence of 20 chemical elements in the forest forming species of Pinaceae: Abies sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata. The elemental composition of needles after the enterprise was closed is not over the exposure limit for conditionally toxic elements. The territory where the research was carried out is suitable for agriculture, tourism and recreational activities. The obtained data were used to implement new techniques of inspecting forest vegetation health.

scholarly journals Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Gavrikov ◽  
◽  
Alexey I. Fertikov ◽  
Evgenii A. Vaganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Conifer Tree

Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971–1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm2 of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks. For citation: Gavrikov V.L., Fertikov A.I., Sharafutdinov R.A., Vaganov E.A. Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 24–37. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37

About the possibility of identification of articles from steels, aluminum, copper and alloys on their basis on the expanded micro-impurity elemental composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Yu. B. Sazonov ◽  
D. Yu. Ozherelkov ◽  
R. Sh. Latypov ◽  
E. E. Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Elementary Composition ◽  
Geometric Size ◽  
The Common

Possibility of determination of the fragments and articles made of different grades of steel aluminium and copper alloys and their affiliation to the common melt was examined via the methods of photoelectric spectral analysis based on composition of micro-impurities. Chemical elements with micro-impurities were revealed; they allow to determine affiliation of metal fragments to one melt. Ultimately possible deviations of micro-impurities within one melt were obtained. The technique allowing to establish affiliation of fragments to the common melt based on their elementary composition of micro-impurities with minimal amount of measurements was suggested based on the obtained results. The minimal geometric size of a sample available for analysis was determined; it allows to classify the examined fragments to one melt based on the results of investigation of expanded elementary composition of micro-impurities. Practical opportunities of this technique were displayed on the example of the alloys with different chemical composition.

Traditional Peruvian Medicine: An Insight in Geophagy and Machu Rumi Intake

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Heber Nehemias Chui-Betancur ◽  
Dwight R. Acosta ◽  
German Belizario-Quispe ◽  
Roberto Alfaro-Alejo
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
And Gender

Geophagists are generally defined by culture, social status and gender, and this paper is to identify the chemical elements of the geophagic material called Machu Rumi. The sample was extracted from the center of the geophagic material. Two micrographs were observed, the 1c micrograph contains: O (8.63%), Al (14.85%), SiO2 (33.07%), Fe (5.93%), K (5.36%), Mg (1.37 %) and Ca (0.81%), these elements are characteristics of the clay minerals, the 1d micrograph, contains: oxygen 62.14%, Silicon 37.80% and Aluminum 0.06%, these elements are present in the clay minerals soils. The results of elemental composition and micromorphology reveals the presence of phyllosilicates, SiO2, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, and Al so the consumption of Machu Rumi would contribute to the benefic geophagy.

The Usability of Mobile Devices in Distance Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fırat Sarsar ◽  
Tarık Kişla ◽  
Melih Karasu ◽  
Yüksel Deniz Arıkan ◽  
Murat Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Effective Use

Thanks to technological developments, distance education helped new techniques and strategies to emerge in the instruction field. However, these developments may cause problems about integration of the interaction between students and instructors. Communication is seen as one of the biggest problems. Instructors' online communications and their attitudes towards this process affect quality of teaching and learning processes. Other factors affecting this process are learning environment and its effective use. This study is designed to incorporate a mixed method with the aim of reflecting instructors' experiences about different communication techniques and learning environments. In scope of this research, the researchers planned a four-week process using the communication that the researchers have been establishing with Ege University Faculty of Education's instructors. The researchers will use different mobile devices and feedback methods for the process.

Evaluation of the modern geoecological state of the fjords of the eastern Barents sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 899-943
Author(s):  
V.A. Shakhverdov ◽  
◽  
D.V. Ryabchuk ◽  
M.A. Spiridonov ◽  
V.A. Zhamoida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
North West ◽  
Geochemical Zoning ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Main Components

A brief analysis of the history of environmental geological study of the Barents Sea is given. It shows that at the beginning of industrial development the geological environment was characterized by a low level of disturbance and pollution. On example of the Kola Bay, an assessment of the current environmental geological conditions of the fjords in the eastern part of the Barents Sea is given. Seismic-acoustic studies confirm the predominantly tectonic origin of the bay and the hazardous spread of gravitational rocks movement within the coastal slopes. The background geochemical characteristics of recent bottom sediments are quantified. It is shown that geochemical zoning of the bottom of the bay is a consequence of both natural and anthropogenic processes. According to the content of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg and hexane-soluble petroleum products (PP) in the bottom sediments, the characteristics of various areas were obtained. It is shown that the distribution of PP and several other pollutants in the main components of aquatic and coastal geosystems is a leading element of the environmental monitoring system, quantitative assessment of anthropogenic impact and accumulated environmental damage. Active economic activity within the southern leg of the Kola Bay, as well as the naval bases, significantly affects the distribution of chemical elements. The data concerning distribution of chemical elements forms in bottom sediments are given that suggest a high probability of secondary pollution of the bottom water when the physicochemical conditions of sedimentation processes change. A comparative analysis showed that bottom sediments of the Kola Bay are characterized by the highest concentration of chemical elements in the North-West Region of the Russian Federation.

Mendeleev’s Periodic Classification and Law in French Chemistry Textbooks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Bensaude Vincent ◽  
Antonio García Belmar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Specific System ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
Chemistry Textbooks ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Post War

The most striking feature of the diffusion of Mendeleev’s system in France is that his great achievement prompted no real debates, no controversy among French academic chemists. It is not that his work was totally ignored. Rather, it was integrated as a non-event in the daily work focused on the discovery and characterization of chemical elements thanks to new techniques (spectroscopy, crystallization, and so on). In science journals Mendeleev’s system attracted attention only insofar as it could lead to the discovery of new chemical elements. After briefly mentioning when and how Mendeleev’s ideas were presented in French primary, secondary, and higher education chemistry textbooks and mentioned in official programs, we will try to understand the reasons for preferring alternative criteria for classification in chemistry textbooks. In addition to the explicit arguments advanced by those who mentioned Mendeleev’s proposals, we will attempt to interpret the silence that most textbook authors kept. In a third section, we will symmetrically focus on the small group of chemists who promoted Mendeleev’s periodic classification and try to disentangle their motivations and modes of appropriation. We will then conclude that, far from being a form of resistance to Mendeleev’s specific system, the overall skepticism expressed in French chemistry textbooks was the expression of an enduring statu quo resulting from a long debate over the best chemical classification in educational milieus. In September 1879 the Department of Haute-Marne organized at the Hôtel de la Préfecture de Chaumont an exposition scolaire aimed at exhibiting the innovative activities developed by teachers and students of local primary school institutions. It was intended to contribute to the reform of primary education following the trauma caused by the defeat in the war against Prussia. As one of its organizers claimed, “it is primary instruction, and its patriotic direction, which made the strength of our enemies. It should make ours.” It was in this context of educational reform and post-war tensions that we found the first reference to didactic use of Mendeleev’s periodic system in France.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mineral fiber properties using x-ray fluorescence analysis and measurement of natural radioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 03018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Medvedev ◽  
Ekaterina Bobrova ◽  
Alexey Poserenin ◽  
Ervand Zarmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mineral Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Heavy Metal Oxides

The article analyzes the factors affecting the longevity of insu-lating systems and the operational resistance of products based on mineral fibers. It is emphasized that the ratio of acid oxides contained in the charge to the main oxides is the main factor influencing the operational resistance of mineral fibers, as well as the energy intensity of their production. A hy-pothesis has been put forward and confirmed that the operational resistance of a fiber depends on the content of heavy metals (their oxides) in the ini-tial charge. Determination of the elemental composition of stone wool samples was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Conducted sam-ples with a different acidity module of the study, show, that the fibers are safe by radiation indices, and their operational resistance can be affected by heavy metal oxides. It is substantiated that the durability of building systems in which mineral wool products are used as thermal insulation is determined by the properties of mineral wool products, the literacy of de-sign solutions and the quality of installation. The properties of mineral wool products, including their operational resistance, depend on the prop-erties of mineral fibers and the observance of technological regimes both on the fact of the most complete curing of the binder and on the features of formation of the volume-oriented structure of the mineral wool carpet.

A New Method for Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Mixtures of Oxides or Other Compounds by Empirical Parameter Methods

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mantler
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
New Method ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Empirical Parameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type

Two principal mathematical methods are used for quantitative XRFA: fundamental parameter calculations and the evaluation of empirical parameter equations. A comprehensive computer program based upon fundamental parameter equations was introduced in 1976 by D. Laguitton and M. Mantler (LAMA-I) and improved by T. C. Huang in 1979 (LAMA-II). The present paper describes the features of the theoretical background of a computer program using a new type of empirical (alpha*-) parameter equations. It is essentially designed for convenient analysis of compounds including those containing chemical elements, that cannot be directly measured by conventional X-ray spectrometers, such as oxides, nitrides, and others. The program also communicates automatically with LAMA in order to establish theoretical tables of alpha*-coefficients as well as conventional alpha-coefficients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document