scholarly journals How «Belt» and «Road» are Related Economically: Modelling and Policy Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Hangjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Freight Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Road ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Belt And Road

We propose an analytical model to capture the relationship between the «Belt» and the «Road» in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We show that the short-term minimum subsidies received by the terminal operator companies (TOCs) of the new railways depend on the market conditions in the existing port sector. Specifically, the subsidies are affected by the external shipping demand, the shipping freight rate, and the number of TOCs at the existing port. The level of subsidy and the shippers’ sensitivity to time and price play a significant role when determining the social benefit from the BRI. Furthermore, the region can further benefit from the construction or improvement of the railways when the rail TOC could compete with the existing port TOCs. The welfare gain arises from the improvement in service quality (decrease in delay costs), reduction in road transport costs, and decrease in shipping price resulting from competition. The policy and economic implications of separate and joint management of the port and rail are discussed.

scholarly journals Consolidation of Cargos in the Road Transport as a Key Method to Success

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. A54-A61
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Łukasik ◽  
Aldona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska ◽  
Jacek Kozyra ◽  
Sylwia Olszańska
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The problem of consolidation of goods for the provider of logistic services, which is a third part that delivers goods from many suppliers to one business client in time horizon was analysed in this article. Every parcel has a fixed date of reception in the source and delivery schedule in a destination. In the age of highly developed economy, time pressure and costs, outsourcing is a condition necessary to improve the functioning of enterprises. New logistic chains, networks of terminals and intermodal connections are built every year to reduce the transport costs and improve the whole process. In this article, the authors presented the benefits resulting from consolidation of cargos in the road transport. Special emphasis was put on determination of the role of the transport costs reduction using the cargo consolidation services.

scholarly journals A Vehicle Fuel Consumption Model on Reconstructed Roads Based on the Roughness and Its Measurement Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Jianguang Xie ◽  
Zhixiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Baseline State

The fuel consumption model for a vehicle forms a basis and method for evaluating the social benefit of road reconstruction. Based on the theoretical fuel consumption model of vehicles, the influence mechanism of the apparent parameters of the road surface on the fuel consumption of vehicles and their sensitivity was analysed. The baseline state was defined on the basis of the roughness, a parameter with significant influence. In addition, a method for acquiring fuel consumption parameters was proposed to establish a one-parameter relational model for the roughness and fuel consumption of vehicles in the baseline state based on measured data. Moreover, by considering the effects of the friction coefficient, deflection of the road surface, and vehicle speed on the fuel consumption, a modified model for the fuel consumption of vehicles applicable to road reconstruction was established. Finally, a method for measuring the energy-saving benefit of vehicles was proposed based on the characteristics of reconstructed roads. The research provides a basis for evaluating the social benefit acquired from reconstructed roads.

scholarly journals LATEST ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS ON ROADS «TRIAD OF TRAFFIC»

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
Lanovoy O ◽  
◽  
Kyselov V ◽  
Vyhovska I ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Rational Management

The article explores the driving conditions for determining the demand of drivers of vehicles for the movement of roads, the road conditions of which should ensure this demand. The object of the study is automobile international and national transport corridors. When optimizing the management of the complex transport system «International, national and local traffic flows - Automotive International and National Transport Corridors» (MNMTP-AMNTC) can be sought to achieve different goals (criteria of optimality), and, depending on these goals, consider the different tasks of optimal management. On road transport, including in this concept of the system of communication routes (highways), the following tasks are the most important: ensuring the least time of communication at limited road costs; - ensuring the specified time of communication at the lowest road costs; - ensuring the lowest transport costs at a limited level of road costs; - ensuring the lowest road costs at a limited level of transport costs; - ensuring the maximum possible level of traffic safety at a limited level of road costs; - ensuring the required level of traffic safety at the lowest road costs; to achieve a minimum of road costs, provided that the specified volume of traffic (traffic), the specified speed and the necessary safety of traffic; ensuring maximum road capacity at a limited level of road costs. According to its parameters, the MMMTP-AMNTC refers to complex systems, the main characteristics of which are: efficiency indicator; stability; obstruction; Reliability. The newest approach of the «Traffic Triad» will allow to evaluate the functioning and ensure the rational management of any transport system with a focus on meeting the needs of users of highways - road users. KEYWORDS: HIGHWAY NETWORK, INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL TRAFFIC FLOWS, ROAD INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS.

scholarly journals Tráfico inducido en México: contribuciones al debate e implicaciones de política pública / Induced Traffic in Mexico: Contributions to the Debate and Public Policy Implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Galindo ◽  
David Ricardo Heres ◽  
Luis Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Over Time

El principal objetivo de este estudio es identificar la existencia del fenómeno del tráfico inducido en México. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la ampliación de las vialidades en México origina un aumento de los viajes y de los kilómetros recorridos como consecuencia de una disminución del tiempo de traslado. Esto es, la demanda de viajes puede modelarse como una función de demanda tradicional en donde una disminución de los costos por transporte, que incluyen tanto costos monetarios directos como de tiempo, se traduce en un aumento de la cantidad o longitud de los viajes. Las estimaciones realizadas indican que la elasticidad de las vialidades al consumo de gasolina es de 0.15, confirmando la presencia del tráfico inducido. Asimismo se presentan algunos ejercicios preliminares sobre posibles estimaciones del tráfico inducido para vialidades específicas, aunque debe reconocerse que los valores estimados para el país no necesariamente se aplican al caso de la Ciudad de México. El conjunto de resultados obtenidos indica que la ampliación de la infraestructura vial viene asociada a un aumento menos que proporcional del tráfico, pues se disminuye momentáneamente la razón de uso de las vialidades que, paulatinamente, se va incrementando. De este modo la ampliación vial genera en el corto plazo una mejora en el servicio que tiende a deteriorarse con el tiempo. Esta mejora en el servicio debe sin embargo evaluarse con referencia a los costos que implica en el largo plazo una opción de desarrollo urbano que privilegia el uso del automóvil como medio de transporte en contraposición a otras alternativas. AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to identify the existence of the phenomenon of induced traffic in Mexico. The results obtained indicate that the expansion of roads in Mexico leads to an increase in the number of trips made and kilometers traveled as a result of a reduction in the time taken to move from one place to another. In other words, the demand for trips can be modeled as a function of traditional demand, where a reduction of transport costs, which includes both monetary and time costs, translates into an increase in the number and length of trips. The estimates made indicate that the elasticity of roads to gasoline consumption is 0.15, which confirms the presence of induced traffic. Certain preliminary exercises have also been carried out on possible estimates of induced traffic for specific roads, although it should be recalled that the values estimated for the country as a whole do not necessarily apply to Mexico City. The set of results obtained indicates that the expansion of the road system is associated with a less than proportional increase in traffic, since there is a momentary decrease in the use of the roads that are gradually increased. Thus, in the short term, the expansion of roads leads to an improvement in service that gradually deteriorates over time. This improved service must, however, be evaluated with reference to the long-term costs of a form of urban development that favors the use of the automobile as a means of transport as opposed to other alternatives.

scholarly journals Costs of road transport depending on the type of vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Marianna JACYNA ◽  
Mariusz WASIAK
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Cost Components

The article presents analysis of the road transport costs with regard to the types of vehicles. Discussed problem is important from the point of view of both the carrier and the company engaged in the organization of transport. The classification of costs in road transport significantly dependent on the types of used vehicle is presented. The factors affecting individual cost components with regard to the vehicles’ value, the permissible total weight, type of engine and fuel are defined. Selected components of the costs are enhanced by original analytic formulas with given examples of their values under fixed parameters of realized transport service. The participation of selected components of costs in total costs of transport and their impact on the costs of transportation are investigated. Considerations are illustrated by numerical example which examined road transport carried out in relation Mszczonów (PL) – Hamburg (DE) by one driver. Examined variants are based on vehicles meeting Euro standard III, IV, V and VI. As it was shown, the most cost-effective variant in discussed transport relation uses vehicles with highest emission standards.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PRIORITAS LOKASI PERBAIKAN JALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP (ANALYICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS) DAN SAW (SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING) STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN PASURUAN

Repositor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feny Aries Tanti ◽  
Galih Wasis Wicaksono ◽  
Agus Eko Minarno
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Program Calculation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Position ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Hierarchy Process

AbstrakJalan merupakan prasarana yang ada di darat untuk sektor sosial dan ekonomi. Kesadaran pemerintah dalam memperbaiki jalan yang rusak merupakan hal utama dalam anggaran daerah. Peningkatan jumlah lokasi jalan berkaitan dengan peningkatan jumlah perbaikan jalan yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi perbaikan jalan yang terbaik. Jalan yang diperbaiki berdasarkan dari beberapa alternatif posisi lokasi perbaikan jalan. Cara menetapkan lokasi perbaikan jalan dengan memberikan posisi peringkat alternatif berdasarkan kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan pertimbangan kriteria dapat diukur secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) dan SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap program sudah dapat digunakan. Hasil dari perhitungan program sudah sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan yang sudah dilakukan. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 10 responden. Dengan sistem ini diharapkan membantu pihak Pekerjaan Umum (PU) Bina Marga untuk menentukan lokasi perbaikan jalan secara lebih objektif. Kata Kunci: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Simple Additive Weighting, Sistem Pendukung KeputusanAbstractThe road is a land-based infrastructure for the social and economic sectors. Government awareness in repairing a broken road is a key thing in a regional budget. The increasing number of road locations relates to the increasing number of road repairs to be made. The research aims to determine the location of the best road repairs. The repaired path is based off several alternative position of road repair location. How to set the road repair location by providing an alternate ranking position based on the criteria already set. Based on consideration criteria can be measured quantitatively by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Based on the test results of the program can be used. The results of the program calculation are already in accordance with the calculated results. Testing was conducted against 10 respondents. This system is expected to assist the Public Works (PU) of Bina Marga to determine the location of road repairs in a more objective. Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Simple Additive Weighting, Decision Support System

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Blues: Powering BRI Research Back on Track to Avoid Choppy Seas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc F. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
On The Road

AbstractThis piece examines and critiques the massive literature on China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It details how research currently seems stuck on the road to nowhere. In addition, it identifies a number of the potholes that collective research endeavors are hitting such as that they are poorly synchronized. It also stresses that lines of analysis are proliferating rather than optimizing, with studies broadening in thematic coverage, rather than becoming deeper. It points out that BRI participants are regularly related to the role of a bit player in many analyses and research often is disconnected from other literatures. Among other things, this article recommends analysts focus on the Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) or Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) in specific regions or countries. It also argues for a research core that focuses on the implementation issue (i.e., the issue of MSRI and SREB project implementation), project effects (i.e., the economic and political costs and benefits of projects), and the translation issue (i.e., the domestic and foreign policy effects of projects) and does work that goes beyond the usual suspects. On a related note, research need to identify, more precisely, participants and projects, undertake causal analysis, and take into account countervailing factors. Furthermore, studies need to make more extensive use of the Chinese foreign policy literature. Moreover, works examining subjects like soft power need to improve variable conceptualization and operationalization and deliver more nuanced analyses. Finally, studies, especially by area specialists, should take the area, not the China, perspective.

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