scholarly journals Analysis of patient load data from the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kilian ◽  
RA Stretch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Opening Ceremony ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Presentation

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient presentation data for spectators attending the opening ceremony and all the 2003 Cricket World Cup matches played in South Africa in order to provide organisers with the basis of a sound medical care plan for mass gatherings of a similar nature. Methods. During the 2003 Cricket World Cup, data were collected on the spectators presenting to the medical facilities during the opening ceremony and the 42 matches played in South Africa. Data included the total number of patient presentations and the category of illness or injury. This information was used to determine the venue accommodation rate and the patient presentation rate. The illness/injury data were classified into the following categories: (i) heat-related illness; (ii) blisters/scrapes/ bruises; (iii) headache; (iv) fractures/sprains/lacerations; (v) eye injuries; (vi) abdominal pain; (vii) insect bite; (viii) allergy-related illness; (ix) cardiac disorders, chest pains; (x) pulmonary disorder/shortness of breath; (xi) syncope; (xii) weakness/dizziness; (xiii) alcohol/drug-related conditions; (xiv) seizure; (xv) cardiac arrest; (xvi) obstetric/ gynaecological disorder; and (xvii) other. Results. The total number of patients who presented to the medical stations was 2 118, with a mean of 50 (range 14 - 91) injuries per match. The mean for the patient presentation rate was 4/1 000 spectators. The most frequently encountered illness or injury was headache (954 patients, 45%), followed by fractures, sprains and lacerations (351 patients, 16%). South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 52-56

Development of a Mass-Gathering Medical Resource Matrix for a Developing World Scenario

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne P. Smith ◽  
Vernon Wessels ◽  
Diane Naicker ◽  
Elizabeth Leuenberger ◽  
Peter Fuhri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Medical Resource ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Patient Presentation

AbstractMass gatherings have a higher patient presentation rate than is found within the general population. Despite this fact, many mass gatherings are occurring without suitable medical coverage. South Africa has had no standard approach or model to determine the number of medical personnel needed to deploy to an event. The awarding of the FIFA (Federation International de Football Association) 2010 World Cup to South Africa has provided the impetus for the development of such a model. The model presented in this paper is based on existing recommendations that originate from the United Kingdom.This paper outlines the modifications that have been made to this model to ensure that adequate medical resources still are provided, albeit in a developing country where medical resources may not be as plentiful.

scholarly journals Analysis of patient load data for teams competing in the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
A Killian ◽  
RA Stretch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Warm Up

Objectives. To evaluate the injury presentation data for all teams taking part in 10 warm-up matches and 46 matches during the 2003 Cricket World Cup played in South Africa, in order to provide organisers with the basis of a sound medical-care plan for future tournaments of a similar nature. Methods. The data collected included the role of the injured person, the nature of the injury, whether the treatment was for an injury or an illness, whether the injury was acute, chronic or acute-on-chronic, and the prognosis (rest, play, unfit to play, sent home, follow-up treatment required). The medical personnel in charge of the medical support documented patient information which included the total number of patient presentations and the category of illness/injury. Results. Ninety patient presentations (1.6 patient presentations per match) were recorded. The most common patient presentations were by the batsmen (50%), followed by the bowlers (29%) and all-rounders (17%). Of the patient presentations, 53% were classified as injuries, while the remaining 47% were classified as illnesses. The patient presentations occurred in the early stages of the competition. The most common presentations were of an acute nature (63%). The main injury pathology categories were trigger point injuries (10%), and bruises / abrasions (10%), while infection (29%) was the main illness pathology. Conclusions. The 2003 Cricket World Cup proved to be an ideal opportunity to collect data on international cricketers participating in an intensive 6-week international competition; the epidemiological data collected should assist national cricket bodies and organisers of future Cricket World Cup competitions to predict participant-related injury rates. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (4) 2006: pp. 129-134

Use of Predictive Modeling to Plan for Special Event Medical Care During Mass Gathering Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 874-879
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Allgaier ◽  
Nina Shaafi-Kabiri ◽  
Carla A. Romney ◽  
Lee A. Wallis ◽  
John Joseph Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Mass Gathering Medicine ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Presentation

ABSTRACTObjectives:In 2010, South Africa (SA) hosted the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup (soccer). Emergency Medical Services (EMS) used the SA mass gathering medicine (MGM) resource model to predict resource allocation. This study analyzed data from the World Cup and compared them with the resource allocation predicted by the SA mass gathering model.Methods:Prospectively, data were collected from patient contacts at 9 venues across the Western Cape province of South Africa. Required resources were based on the number of patients seeking basic life support (BLS), intermediate life support (ILS), and advanced life support (ALS). Overall patient presentation rates (PPRs) and transport to hospital rates (TTHRs) were also calculated.Results:BLS services were required for 78.4% (n = 1279) of patients and were consistently overestimated using the SA mass gathering model. ILS services were required for 14.0% (n = 228), and ALS services were required for 3.1% (n = 51) of patients. Both ILS and ALS services, and TTHR were underestimated at smaller venues.Conclusions:The MGM predictive model overestimated BLS requirements and inconsistently predicted ILS and ALS requirements. MGM resource models, which are heavily based on predicted attendance levels, have inherent limitations, which may be improved by using research-based outcomes.

Analysis of Patient Load Data From the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Morimura ◽  
Atsushi Katsumi ◽  
Yuichi Koido ◽  
Katsuhiko Sugimoto ◽  
Akira Fuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Presentation

AbstractIntroduction:Past history of mass casualties related to international football games brought the importance of practical planning, preparedness, simulation training, and analysis of potential patient presentations to the forefront of emergency research.Methods:The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare established the Health Research Team (HRT-MHLW) for the 2002 FIFA World Cup game (FIFAWC). The HRT-MHLW collected patient data related to the games and analyzed the related factors regarding patient presentations.Results:A total of 1,661 patients presented for evaluation and care from all 32 games in Japan. The patient presentation rate per 1,000 spectators per game was 1.21 and the transport-to-hospital rate was 0.05. The step-wise regression analysis identified that the patient presentations rate increased where access was difficult. As the number of total spectators increased, the patient presentation rate decreased. (p <0.0001, r = 0.823, r2 = 0.677).Conclusion:In order to develop mass-gathering medical-care plans in accordance with the types and sizes of mass gatherings, it is necessary to collect data and examine risk factors for patient presentations for a variety of events.

scholarly journals The Development of Conceptual Models for Mass-Gathering Health

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Arbon
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Precursor State ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Latent Potential ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Patient Presentation

AbstractMass gatherings are an increasingly common feature of modern society. However, descriptive papers that focus on a single event or event type, dominate the literature, and, while these contribute to our understanding of the patient care required at such events, they do not provide an adequate analysis of the health effects of the mass-gathering phenomenon itself. This paper argues for the development of conceptual models and a research template for mass-gathering research. The development of theory and conceptual models would promote a better understanding of the health effects of mass gatherings. Two preliminary conceptual models are presented as a means to encourage further debate about the dominant influences on the health of people where crowds gather and to promote less superficial forms of analysis of the research data.These conceptual models are based on the idea that mass-gathering health can be understood as an inter-relationship between three domains: (1) the biomedical; (2) the environmental; and (3) the psychosocial. Key features influence the rate of injury and illness and characterize each domain. These key features are more or less well-understood and combine to produce an effect—the patient presentation rate, and a response—the health plan. A new element, the latent potential for injury and illness, is introduced as a mechanism for describing a biomedical precursor state important in assessing health risk during mass gatherings.

A Systematic Review of Noncommunicable Health Issues in Mass Gatherings

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Alquthami ◽  
Jesse M. Pines
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Mass Gathering Medicine ◽  
Ambulance Transports ◽  
Patient Presentation

AbstractIntroductionThe review was conducted to evaluate if the field of mass-gathering medicine has evolved in addressing: (1) the lack of uniform standard measures; (2) the effectiveness of and needs for various interventions during a mass gathering; and (3) the various types of noncommunicable health issues (trauma and medical complaints) encountered and their severity during a gathering.MethodsA systematic review of papers published from 2003 through 2012 was conducted using databases of MEDLINE, Ovid, CINHAL, EBSCOHost, National Library of Medicine (NLM), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Elsevier, Scopus, and Proquest databases. Of 37,762 articles, 17 articles were included in this review, covering 18 mass-gathering events; 14 were multiple-day events.ResultsAcross all events, the patient presentation rate (PPR) ranged from 0.13 to 20.8 patients per 1,000 attendees and the transfer to hospital rate (TTHR) ranged from 0.01 to 10.2 ambulance transports per 1,000 attendees. In four out of the seven studies, having on-site providers was associated with a lower rate of ambulance transports. The highest frequencies of noncommunicable presentations were headaches, abdominal complaints, and abrasions/lacerations. Most presentations were minor. Emergent cases requiring hospitalization (such as acute myocardial infarction) were rare.ConclusionsThe rate of noncommunicable health issues varies across events and very serious emergencies are rare.AlquthamiAH, PinesJM. A systematic review of noncommunicable health issues in mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(2):1-9.

Medical Support during the European Union Summit in Gothenburg, Sweden, June 2001

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M.C. Johnsson ◽  
Per A. Örtenwall ◽  
Anne-Lii H. Kivi ◽  
Annika H.E. Hedelin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Patient Presentation ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIntroduction:Several factors are important for the number and severity of medical emergencies during mass-gatherings. The risk of violence, the size and mobility of the crowd, the type of event, weather, and duration of the event all influence the outcome. During the European Union (EU) Summit, from 15–16 June 2001 in Gothenburg, Sweden, approximately 50,000 people participated in 43 protest marches, some which included 15,000 participants. Clashes between police and the protesters occurred.Objective:The objective of this study was to analyze the amount and character of injuries as well as the medical complaints in relation to the EU Summit. In addition, the aim of this study was to describe the organization and function of the healthcare services provided during the meeting.Methods:This study is based on the medical records of patients presenting with injuries and other types of medical emergencies at the healthcare stations during the Summit.Results:In total, 143 patients sought medical care. Fifty-three (37.1%) were police officers. Most patients had minor complaints, but a few were seriously injured.The Patient Presentation Rate (PPR) was 2.7. Nine victims were hospitalized as high priority.Conclusion:The PPR for the EU Summit was 2.7, which is in the same range as previously reported from other mass-gatherings.

Analysis of Medical Responses in Mass Gatherings: The Commemoration Ceremonies for the 100th Anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Koçak ◽  
Cüneyt Çalışkan ◽  
Mehmet Şerafettin Sönmezler ◽  
Kenan Eliuz ◽  
Fatih Küçükdurmaz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Patient Presentation

AbstractIntroductionMass crowds outside the routine population create a burden of disease on Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The need for EMS in various mass-crowd events may vary. It is especially important to determine the EMS requirement that emerges during the historic commemoration ceremonies in Çanakkale (Turkey).Hypothesis/ProblemThis study aims to determine the unique challenges in the planning of EMS responses provided for people from various countries at the commemoration ceremony for a 100-year-old war and to identify the medical provision of those services.MethodsThis descriptive study examined the patient applications in the Çanakkale EMS at the commemoration ceremonies for the 100th anniversary of Gallipoli Wars (Çanakkale Amphibious Wars – Turkey) on April 24-25, 2015.ResultsA total of 221 cases were handled by 112 EMS in the ceremony area. Of those, 87.3% of the cases applied to a mobile operating room (MOR) stationed in the ceremony area while 12.7% of them applied directly to the health care team in a large area in the ceremony area. Overall, 13.1% of the cases were transferred to the hospital for further evaluation and treatment. Patient presentation rate (PPR) of the patients who were treated during the two days was 4.42, and transfer to hospital rate (TTHR) of the cases transferred to the hospital was calculated to be 0.58.ConclusionFurther studies may create models in regard to the estimations on mass and needs based on the data of previous organizations.KoçakH, ÇalışkanC, SönmezlerMS, EliuzK, KüçükdurmazF. Analysis of medical responses in mass gatherings: the commemoration ceremonies for the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):288–292.

The Final ‘Thank You’

Derrida Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Grant Farred
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Black President ◽  
The Moment

‘The Final “Thank You”’ uses the work of Jacques Derrida and Friedrich Nietzsche to think the occasion of the 1995 rugby World Cup, hosted by the newly democratic South Africa. This paper deploys Nietzsche's Zarathustra to critique how a figure such as Nelson Mandela is understood as a ‘Superman’ or an ‘Overhuman’ in the moment of political transition. The philosophical focus of the paper, however, turns on the ‘thank yous’ exchanged by the white South African rugby captain, François Pienaar, and the black president at the event of the Springbok victory. It is the value, and the proximity and negation, of the ‘thank yous’ – the relation of one to the other – that constitutes the core of the article. 1

scholarly journals Improving TB infection control in a regional hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. bmjoq-2018-000347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilsa Louisa Haeusler ◽  
Felicity Knights ◽  
Vishaal George ◽  
Andy Parrish
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Hospital Policy ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Awareness Raising

This quality improvement (QI) work was carried out in Cecilia Makiwane Hospital (CMH), a regional public hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (SA). SA has among the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the world and this is a leading cause of death in SA. Nosocomial infection is an important source of TB transmission. Adherence to TB infection prevention control (IPC) measures in the medical inpatient department was suboptimal at CMH. The overall aim of this QI project was to make sustainable improvements in TB IPC. A multidisciplinary team was formed to undertake a root cause analysis and develop a strategy for change. The main barriers to adherence to IPC measures were limited knowledge of IPC methods and stigma associated with TB. Specifically, the project aimed to increase the number of: ‘airborne precaution’ signs placed above patients’ beds, patients correctly isolated and patients wearing surgical face masks. Four Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were used. The strategy for change involved education and awareness-raising in different formats, including formal in-service training delivered to nurses and doctors, a hospital-wide TB awareness week with engaging activities and competitions, and a World TB Day provincial solidarity march. Data on adherence to the three IPC measures were collected over an 8-month period. Pre-intervention (October 2016), a mean of 2% of patients wore face masks, 22% were correctly isolated and 12% had an airborne precaution sign. Post-intervention (May 2017), the compliance improved to 17%, 50% and 25%, respectively. There was a large variation in compliance to each measure. Improvement was greatest in the number of patients correctly isolated. We learnt it is important to work with, not in parallel to, existing teams or structures during QI work. On-the-ground training of nurses and clinicians should be undertaken alongside engagement of senior staff members and managers. This improves the chance of change being adopted into hospital policy.

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