In-vitro effects of garlic extracts on pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba

Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 metabolites, isolated from decaying lemon fruits, were evaluated for the control of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi ( Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium moniliforme). These metabolites were recovered from Landy medium (LM) without aminoacids. In order to optimize metabolites production the LM was modified by adding different concentrations and sources of amino acids and carbohydrates at different culture conditions. Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 metabolites efficacy to control fungi were evaluated with in vitro and in vivo assays. A. flavus growth inhibition was 52% with the metabolites of Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 recovered from LM (MBLM) in vitro assays. MBLM supplemented with 0.5% glutamic acid, inhibited the growth of P. digitatum, G. candidum, A. clavatus, A. niger and F. moniliforme by 65%, 88.44%, 84%, 34% and 92% respectively. The highest inhibition of P. expansum was 45% with MBLM supplemented with 0.5% aspartic acid. Similar results were obtained in vivo assays. These results showed that Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 metabolites specificity against fungi depended on the composition of the LM.

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Control of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens by Antifungal Compounds from Penicillium expansum

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-072 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (11) ◽

pp. 1879-1886 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

WAFA ROUISSI ◽

LUISA UGOLINI ◽

CAMILLA MARTINI ◽

LUCA LAZZERI ◽

MARTA MARI

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Volatile Organic

The fungicidal effects of secondary metabolites produced by a strain of Penicillium expansum (R82) in culture filtrate and in a double petri dish assay were tested against one isolate each of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Monilinia laxa and six isolates of P. expansum, revealing inhibitory activity against every pathogen tested. The characterization of volatile organic compounds released by the R82 strain was performed by solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatographic techniques, and several compounds were detected, one of them identified as phenethyl alcohol (PEA). Synthetic PEA, tested in vitro on fungal pathogens, showed strong inhibition at a concentration of 1,230 μg/ml of airspace, and mycelium appeared more sensitive than conidia; nevertheless, at the concentration naturally emitted by the fungus (0.726 ± 0.16 μg/ml), commercial PEA did not show any antifungal activity. Therefore, a combined effect between different volatile organic compounds produced collectively by R82 can be hypothesized. This aspect suggests further investigation into the possibility of exploiting R82 as a nonchemical alternative in the control of some plant pathogenic fungi.

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In vitro Effects of Muscodor albus and Three Volatile Components on Growth of Selected Postharvest Microorganisms

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2109 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 2109-2114 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ali A. Ramin ◽

P. Gordon Braun ◽

Robert K. Prange ◽

John M. DeLong

Keyword(s):

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Isobutyric Acid ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Volatile Components ◽

E Coli ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Air Circulation ◽

Muscodor Albus

Biofumigation by volatiles of Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel & W.M. Hess, an endophytic fungus, was investigated for the biological control of three postharvest fungi, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Penicillium expansum Link, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, and three bacteria, Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al., Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula (isolate A7B), and Escherichia coli (strain K12). Bacteria and fungi on artificial media in petri dishes were exposed to volatiles produced by M. albus mycelium growing on rye seeds in sealed glass 4-L jars with or without air circulation for up to 48 hours. The amount of dry M. albus–rye seed culture varied from 0.25 to 1.25 g·L–1 of jar volume. Fan circulation of volatiles in jars increased efficacy and 0.25 g·L–1 with fan circulation was sufficient to kill or suppress all fungi and bacteria after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Two major volatiles of M. albus, isobutyric acid (IBA) and 2-methyl-1-butanol (MB), and one minor one, ethyl butyrate (EB), varied in their control of the same postharvest fungi and bacteria. Among the three fungi, IBA killed or suppressed S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea, and P. expansum at 40, 25, and 45 μL·L –1, respectively. MB killed or suppressed S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea, and P. expansum at 75, 100, and 100 μL·L –1, respectively. EB was only able to kill S. sclerotiorum at 100 μL·L –1. Among the three bacteria, IBA killed or suppressed E. coli (K12), E. carotovora pv. carotovora, and P. fluorescens at 5, 12.5, and 12.5 μL·L–1, respectively. MB killed or suppressed E. coli (K12), E. carotovora pv. carotovora, and P. fluorescens at 100, 75, and 100 μL·L–1, respectively. EB did not control growth of the three bacteria. This study demonstrates the need for air circulation in M. albus, MB, and IBA treatments to optimize the efficacy of these potential postharvest agents of disease control.

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Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.061 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alicja Saniewska ◽

Anna Jarecka ◽

Zbigniew Biały ◽

Marian Jurzysta

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Medicagenic Acid ◽

Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of Medicago hybrida (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated in vitro against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., a pathogen of Muscari armeniacum, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of M. hybrida roots were tested against the mycelium growth of Botrytis tulipae. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2β, 3β-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of B. tulipae.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Schiff Bases of Inulin Bearing Pyridine ring

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lijie Wei ◽

Wenqiang Tan ◽

Jingjing Zhang ◽

Yingqi Mi ◽

Fang Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Schiff Bases ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Solubility In Water ◽

Good Solubility ◽

Natural Polysaccharide ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp.Niveum ◽

Phomopsis Asparagi

As a renewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable polysaccharide, inulin has a good solubility in water and some physiological functions. Chemical modification is one of the important methods to improve the bioactivity of inulin. In this paper, based on 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,4-acetyl inulin (3), three kinds of Schiff bases of inulin bearing pyridine rings were successfully designed and synthesized. Detailed structural characterization was carried out using FTIR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Moreover, the antifungal activity of Schiff bases of inulin against three plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum, and Phomopsis asparagi, were evaluated using in vitro hypha measurements. Inulin, as a natural polysaccharide, did not possess any antifungal activity at the tested concentration against the targeted fungi. Compared with inulin and the intermediate product 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,4-acetyl inulin (3), all the synthesized Schiff bases of inulin derivatives with >54.0% inhibitory index at 2.0 mg/mL exhibited enhanced antifungal activity. 3NS, with an inhibitory index of 77.0% exhibited good antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea at 2.0 mg/mL. The synthesized Schiff bases of inulin bearing pyridine rings can be prepared for novel antifungal agents to expand the application of inulin.

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Effects and possible mechanism of tea tree oil against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in vitro and in vivo test

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2016-0553 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 219-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yonghua Li ◽

Xingfeng Shao ◽

Jiayu Xu ◽

Yingying Wei ◽

Feng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Total Lipid ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Respiratory Metabolism ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Tea Tree

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal activities and possible mechanisms of tea tree oil (TTO) against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in vitro and in vivo. The results show that TTO exhibits dose-dependent antifungal activity against both pathogens, but P. expansum is less sensitive than B. cinerea to TTO not only in the in vitro test but also in artificially inoculated cherry fruits. TTO vapor treatment reduced the decay caused by these pathogens in inoculated cherry fruits, but the effect on P. expansum was less than that on B. cinerea. While the total lipid and ergosterol contents of the cell membrane are greater in P. expansum than in B. cinerea, TTO treatment lowers the total lipid content in the membranes of both species by well over 50%, and ergosterol content is reduced to a greater extent in B. cinerea than in P. expansum. In both pathogens, TTO alters mycelial morphology and cellular ultrastructure. Oxygen consumption measurements show that TTO inhibits respiratory metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway in both pathogens, though more severely in B. cinerea than in P. expansum. The relatively decreased sensitivity of P. expansum to TTO may be due to the fact that TTO causes less disruption of the cell membrane in this organism, and higher inhibition the respiratory metabolism to the extent observed in B. cinerea.

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Effects of Some Polyamine Biosynthesis Inhibitors and Calcium Chloride on In Vitro Growth and Decay Development in Apples Caused by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.122.3.380 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Robert A. Saftner ◽

William S. Conway ◽

Carl E. Sams

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽

Pressure Infiltration ◽

Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽

Decay Development

Three polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), α-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), and α-methylornithine (MeOrn), alone and in combination with CaCl2, were tested for their ability to reduce in vitro growth and soft rot development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. and Penicillium expansum Link. All three inhibitors reduced the in vitro growth of the pathogens. Calcium had no effect on fungal growth in vitro. Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA or 25 g·L-1 CaCl2 solutions into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum >40%. A combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMA reduced decay >67%. Treatment of apples with MeOrn was less effective at inhibiting decay development. None of the inhibitors affected polyamine levels in apple cortical tissues. Some injury to the fruit surface was observed with Ca treatments. Fruit treated with Ca and any of the inhibitors were less firm than those treated with Ca alone. Specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in combination with Ca may prove useful in reducing postharvest decay in apples.

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Improved Control of Apple and Citrus Fruit Decay with a Combination of Candida saitoana and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.3.249 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Ahmed El-Ghaouth ◽

Joseph L. Smilanick ◽

Michael Wisniewski ◽

Charles L. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Disease Development ◽

Blue Mold ◽

Green Mold ◽

Fruit Decay ◽

Orange Fruit ◽

Water Treated Control

A combination of Candida saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose to control decay of apple, lemon, and orange fruit was evaluated. Growth of C. saitoana in vitro was reduced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose; however, in apple wounds, the yeast grew as well in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as in its absence. When applied to fruit wounds before inoculation, the combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was more effective in controlling decay of apple, orange, and lemon caused by Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and P. digitatum than either C. saitoana or the application of a 0.2% solution of 2-deoxy-D-glucose alone. Increasing the concentration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose from 0.2 to 0.5% did not improve control significantly. The combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was also effective against infections established up to 24 h before treatment. When applied within 24 h after inoculation, the combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was very effective in controlling blue mold of apple and green mold of orange and lemon. The level of control of green mold was equivalent to imazalil treatment. When either C. saitoana or 0.2% 2-deoxy-D-glucose was applied within 24 h after inoculation, neither had an effect on disease development on apple, orange, or lemon, and the incidence of decay was similar to the water-treated control.

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Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352517666190618105332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 285-293

Author(s):

Amina Tabet Zatla ◽

Imane Mami ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Mohammed El Amine Sifi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control methods were exercised. Introduction: The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed. Results: The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene (23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15 mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner, with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control. Conclusion: The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.

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