scholarly journals In vitro Effects of Muscodor albus and Three Volatile Components on Growth of Selected Postharvest Microorganisms

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Ramin ◽  
P. Gordon Braun ◽  
Robert K. Prange ◽  
John M. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Muscodor Albus

Biofumigation by volatiles of Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel & W.M. Hess, an endophytic fungus, was investigated for the biological control of three postharvest fungi, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Penicillium expansum Link, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, and three bacteria, Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al., Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula (isolate A7B), and Escherichia coli (strain K12). Bacteria and fungi on artificial media in petri dishes were exposed to volatiles produced by M. albus mycelium growing on rye seeds in sealed glass 4-L jars with or without air circulation for up to 48 hours. The amount of dry M. albus–rye seed culture varied from 0.25 to 1.25 g·L–1 of jar volume. Fan circulation of volatiles in jars increased efficacy and 0.25 g·L–1 with fan circulation was sufficient to kill or suppress all fungi and bacteria after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Two major volatiles of M. albus, isobutyric acid (IBA) and 2-methyl-1-butanol (MB), and one minor one, ethyl butyrate (EB), varied in their control of the same postharvest fungi and bacteria. Among the three fungi, IBA killed or suppressed S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea, and P. expansum at 40, 25, and 45 μL·L –1, respectively. MB killed or suppressed S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea, and P. expansum at 75, 100, and 100 μL·L –1, respectively. EB was only able to kill S. sclerotiorum at 100 μL·L –1. Among the three bacteria, IBA killed or suppressed E. coli (K12), E. carotovora pv. carotovora, and P. fluorescens at 5, 12.5, and 12.5 μL·L–1, respectively. MB killed or suppressed E. coli (K12), E. carotovora pv. carotovora, and P. fluorescens at 100, 75, and 100 μL·L–1, respectively. EB did not control growth of the three bacteria. This study demonstrates the need for air circulation in M. albus, MB, and IBA treatments to optimize the efficacy of these potential postharvest agents of disease control.

scholarly journals Biosurfactants Induce Antimicrobial Peptide Production through the Activation of TmSpatzles in Tenebrio molitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6090
Author(s):  
Tariku Tesfaye Edosa ◽  
Yong Hun Jo ◽  
Maryam Keshavarz ◽  
In Seon Kim ◽  
Yeon Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Iturin A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Biosurfactant immunomodulatory activities in mammals, nematodes, and plants have been investigated. However, the immune activation property of biosurfactants in insects has not been reported. Therefore, here, we studied the defense response triggered by lipopeptides (fengycin and iturin A), glycolipids (rhamnolipid), and cyclic polypeptides (bacitracin) in the coleopteran insect, mealworm Tenebrio molitor. The in vitro antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans) were assessed by mixing these pathogens with the hemolymph of biosurfactant-immune-activated larvae. E. coli growth was remarkably inhibited by this hemolymph. The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) induction results also revealed that all biosurfactants tested induced several AMPs, exclusively in hemocytes. The survivability analysis of T. molitor larvae challenged by E. coli (106 CFU/µL) at 24 h post biosurfactant-immune activation showed that fengycin, iturin A, and rhamnopid significantly increased survivability against E. coli. Biosurfactant-induced TmSpatzles activation was also monitored, and the results showed that TmSpz3 and TmSpz-like were upregulated in the hemocytes of iturin A-injected larvae, while TmSpz4 and TmSpz6 were upregulated in the fat bodies of the fengycin-, iturin A-, and rhamnolipid-injected larvae. Overall, these results suggest that lipopeptide and glycolipid biosurfactants induce the expression of AMPs in T. molitor via the activation of spätzle genes, thereby increasing the survivability of T. molitor against E. coli.

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, anti-cancer and antimicrobial activity of isolated fractions of Alysicarpus vaginalis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Tapadiya ◽  
Mayura A. Kale ◽  
Shweta Saboo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Proliferative Assay ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

<p class="Abstract">The methanolic extract of <em>Alysicarpus </em>vaginalis was selected for fractionation due to its known reported biological activity. The four fractions were separated and subjected for<em> in vitro</em> antimitotic and anti-proliferative assays along with anti-cancer activity on two human cancers cell lines (SK-MEL-2 and Hep-G2). The antimicrobial potential of fractions had been evaluated against bacteria and fungi. From all fractions, acetone and n-butanol fractions were effective against the cell lines. They show strong inhibitory action with mitotic index 6.2 and 8.4 mg/mL and IC<sub>50 </sub>values of anti-proliferative assay in between 19.7 to 14.2 mg/mL respectively, which was found to be comparable to the standard methothrexate 5.9 mg/mL and 13.2 mg/mL respectively. In antimicrobial activity, the zone of inhibition had been observed in the range of 12-27 mm and MIC value was found in the range of 0.2-0.1 mg/mL. The acetone fraction was found to be most active against fungi, and<em> E. coli</em> whereas chloroform and n-butanol fractions were more effective against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>B. </em>subtilis. The phytochemical characterization by HPLC analysis indicated the presence of important polyphenolic and steroidal compounds.</p>

Potential of the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus for control of building molds

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mercier ◽  
Jorge I. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
G 11 ◽  
Muscodor Albus

The possibility of using the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus for biofumigation against building molds was investigated. Several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium as well as fungi belonging to nine other genera were inhibited or killed in vitro by volatiles produced by potato dextrose agar or rye grain cultures of M. albus. Trichoderma viride was the only fungus that was not inhibited by M. albus volatiles. To test biofumigation as a preventative treatment against fungal colonization of building material, dry pieces of gypsum drywall were fumigated with grain cultures of M. albus in closed boxes. After a simulated water damage and incubation under saturated humidity for 2 weeks, untreated drywall developed natural fungal populations of about 105–106 cfu/cm2, while drywall fumigated with M. albus culture (20 g/11 L) had nondetectable fungal populations. To test for curative ability, moist pieces of drywall heavily colonized with Cladosporium cladosporioides , Aspergillus niger , or Stachybotrys chartarum were fumigated for 48 h with grain cultures of M. albus. Cladosporium cladosporioides was eliminated within 48 h, while A. niger and S. chartarum were usually more resistant. However, a longer curative fumigation of 96 h was effective in reducing A. niger or naturally occurring mold populations by about 5 log values. The production of volatile organic compounds from 20 g of rye grain culture in 11 L containers was monitored by solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography. Concentrations of isobutyric acid, the most abundant volatile, increased gradually in the headspace until it reached 25 μg/L (m/v) within 96 h. The second and third most abundant compounds, 2-methyl-1-butanol and isobutanol, peaked at about 10 and 5 μg/L (m/v), respectively, within the first 24 h and declined gradually afterwards.

scholarly journals VOLATILE COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST FOOD-BORNE BACTERIA OF VIETNAMESE THYME (Thymus vulgaris L.) ESSENTIAL OIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cung Thi To Quynh ◽  
Vu Thu Trang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of the thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) grown in Vietnam was found to contain thymol (39.79%), cymene (17.33%), and γ-terpinene (13.45%) as the main volatile components. The antimicrobial activities of this oil were screened against several food-borne bacteria and fungi species. Significant growth inhibition effects against food-borne bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella Typhimurium were observed using the standard disc diffusion method. Thyme EO showed the antibacterial effect against all the test pathogenic strains with the inhibition zones were 23.3 ± 0.4 mm, 24.7 ± 0.4 mm, 29.0 ± 0.7 mm, 32 ± 0.7 mm in diameter against B. subtilis,  E. coli, S. Typhimurium and S. aureus, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by micro-dilution method in MHB liquid medium was 1.56 µl/ml. The bactericidal concentrations (MBC) was 3.13 µl/ml for three isolates from B. subtilis,  E. coli, and S. aureus, while the MBC tested for S. typhi was 1.56 µl/ml. The antifungal properties of the thyme EO were also determined in this study against three important pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum with the inhibition zones ranging approximately from 23.20 ± 0.06 to 44.10 ± 0.03 mm. On the other hands, the results also showed the antioxidant activity of Vietnamese thyme EO and suggested that thyme EO can be applied in food industries as natural flavoring preservatives/additives to control food spoilage and food born bacteria and fungi.

In Vitro Effects of Homeopathic Drugs on Cultured Escherichia coli

Homeopathy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (02) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Kurmann ◽  
Esther Imbach ◽  
Felix Amsler ◽  
Susanne Pannek-Rademacher ◽  
Jürgen Pannek
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Homeopathic Drugs

Background Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common morbidities in persons with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Repetitive antibiotic treatment increases the risk of selecting multi-resistant bacteria. Homeopathic treatment has been reported to be effective in these patients. The mechanism of action, however, has not been clarified. Recently, a direct bactericidal effect of homeopathic remedies was shown. Such an effect is not in accordance with the general principles of homeopathy. To test this paradigm, we assessed the in vitro effects of homeopathic drugs on Escherichia coli derived from patients with NLUTD. Methods E. coli bacteria were harvested from 28 consecutive urine cultures. Standard antibiotic resistance testing and simultaneous resistance testing to homeopathic drugs (Apis mellifica, Cantharis, Causticum hahnemanni, Staphysagria, Nux vomica, Berberis vulgaris, and Lycopodium clavatum) in high (C30) potency were performed. Results No significant inhibitory effect of any of the tested homeopathic drugs on any E. coli population could be found, irrespective of their sensitivity to antibiotic treatment. Conclusion Based on our results, effects of homeopathic treatment of UTI are not based on direct bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. These findings are in concordance with the hypothesis that homeopathy is based on host effects: for example, activation of the immune system, rather than effects on pathogens.

Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Aminoacetylenic Derivatives of 7-Methoxy- 2-Naphthole as Antimicrobial Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu- Safieh Rana ◽  
Muhi- Eldeen Zuhair ◽  
Alsarahni Aseel ◽  
Al-Kaissi Elham
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Naphthalene Derivatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Aminoacetylenic Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Mic Value

A new series of 7-methoxy-2-[4-(t-amino-1-yl)oxy]-naphthalene derivatives; 7-methoxy-2-{[4-(2-methylpiperidine)but-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-naphthalene (RZ2), 7-methoxy-2-{[4-(2,6-dimethylpiperidine)but-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-naphthalene (RZ3), 7-methoxy-2{[4-(piperidine)but-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-naphthalene (RZ4), 7-methoxy-2-{[4-(pyrrolidine)but-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-naphthalene (RZ5), 7-methoxy-2-{[4-(N-methylpiperazine)but-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-naphthalene (RZ6), 7-methoxy -2-{[4-(hexamethyleneimine)but-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-naphthalene (RZ7) were synthesized and screened in vitro as potential antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial activity were evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MIC, MBC and MFC). RZ2, RZ5, RZ6 and RZ7 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with MIC value 62.5 µg/ml, compounds RZ2, RZ4, RZ5, and RZ7 have the highest antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis with MIC vale 62.5 µg/ml, RZ3, RZ6 have the same antimicrobial activity with MIC value 125µg/ml, compounds. RZ4, RZ5, RZ6 and RZ7 have the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli with MIC value 125 µg/ml, all compounds have the same MIC value against P. aeruginosa (125 µg/ml). RZ2, RZ4, RZ5, RZ6, RZ7 showed the highest antifungal activity with MIC of 62.5 µg/ml. In conclusion, the synthesized compounds showed good antimicrobial activity and promising potency against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungi.

Synthesis of ZnO and Ag/ZnO Nanorods: Characterization and Synergistic In Vitro Biocidal Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 5490-5495
Author(s):  
R. Radha Lakshmi ◽  
D Sruthi ◽  
K Prithiv ◽  
S Harippriya ◽  
K. R Aranganayagam
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Synthesized Materials

The ZnO semiconductor has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60 meV) and direct wide band gap (3.72 eV). ZnO and Ag doped ZnO (Agx Zn1−xO (where x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03)) were synthesized by using soft chemical route. The synthesized materials were characterized by using XRD, HRSEM, EDS and HRTEM. The powder XRD pattern indicates that the ZnO and Agx Zn1−xO (where x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) samples exhibits hexagonal wurtzite structure and also the Ag doping decreases the grain size of ZnO nano particles. The micro structural characterizations (HRSEM and HRTEM) reveal the incorporation of Ag into the ZnO lattice and also the formation of nano rods. At the length, the antimicrobial response was also brought against human pathogenic Gram +ve (S. aureus), Gram −ve (E. coli) bacteria and Fungi (C. albicans). Thus the above work brings out the presence of antimicrobial response against the microbes from these nano composites.

scholarly journals Bonding Ability of Isopthalic Acid-bis(thiosemicarbozone) to Manganese and Cobalt Metal Ions: Preparation, Spectral Investigation, Computational and in vitro Antipathogenic Screening

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
S. Gautam ◽  
P. Pipil ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
Alka ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cobalt Complexes ◽  
Cobalt Metal ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Electronic Spin ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Manganese and cobalt complexes have been designed and prepared with a tetradentate ligand i.e. isopthalic acid-bis(thiosemicarbozone) (IPBT), which bind to metal ions via donor atoms present in ligand. Different spectroscopic techniques viz. nuclear magnetic resonance, infra red, mass, electronic spin resonance and analytical studies have been used to determine the chemical composition of synthesized IPBT and its Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes. The spectroscopic data exposed that IPBT behaves in a tetradentate (N2S2) mode by having ability to bind with metal ions through N2S2 atoms. An octahedral structure for manganese and cobalt complexes has been suggested on the basis of spectroscopic as well as analytical studies. The ligand (IPBT) and its metal(II) complexes have been screened to determine their antipathogenic activity against some selective microorganisms S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A. niger, M. phasolina and P. glomerata. In this experimental work, well diffusion and poisoned food techniques have been introduced for screening purpose and as standard drugs neomycin and chlorothalonil have been used. Data for antipathogenic screening exposed that metal complexes exerted higher activity towards all examined microbes (bacteria and fungi) even than ligand.

scholarly journals Πρωτεϊνική μηχανική του ενζύμου L-ασπαραγινάση

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεωργία Κοτζιά
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
E Coli

Το ένζυμο L-ασπαραγινάση καταλύει την μετατροπή της L-ασπαραγίνης σε L-ασπαραγινικό οξύ και αμμωνία. Η ενδοφλέβια χορήγηση του ενζύμου που έχει απομονωθεί από τα βακτήρια Erwinia chrysanthemi και Escherichia coli έχει αποδειχθεί πολύ αποτελεσματική στις περισσότερες των περιπτώσεων λεμφοκυτταρικής λευχαιμίας. Η αποτελεσματικότητα του ενζύμου, οι φαρμακοκινητικές ιδιότητες και οι διαφορετικές παρενέργειες που εκδηλώνονται κατά τη θεραπευτική αγωγή έχει βρεθεί ότι εξαρτώνται από την πηγή προέλευσης και την μέθοδο καθαρισμού του. Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι η ανάπτυξη μίας ολοκληρωμένης μεθόδου παραγωγής του ενζύμου L-ασπαραγινάση σε ανασυνδυασμένα κύτταρα E. coli και η δημιουργία τροποποιήσεων στο ένζυμο, ώστε να προκύψουν ανασχεδιασμένες μορφές με επιθυμητές ιδιότητες. Γενωματικό DNA από τα βακτήρια Erwinia carotovora και Erwinia chrysanthemi απομονώθηκε και χρησιμοποιήθηκε σαν μήτρα για την αναπαραγωγή των κωδικών αλληλουχιών του γονιδίου της L-ασπαραγινάσης, οι οποίες κλωνοποιήθηκαν και τα ένζυμα εκφράστηκαν σε κύτταρα E coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. Ακολούθως πραγματοποιήθηκαν μελέτες με στόχο να χαρακτηριστούν τα ετερόλογα παραγόμενα ένζυμα. Επειδή η L-ασπαραγινάση είναι βακτηριακής προέλευσης, όταν χορηγείται στον άνθρωπο αναγνωρίζεται από τις πρωτεάσες του αίματος και πέπτεται. Με στόχο να δημιουργηθεί ανασχεδιασμένη μορφή της EcaL-Asnase με ανθεκτικότητα στη δράση της θρυψίνης, το ένζυμο τροποποιήθηκε χημικά με ηλεκτριναμικούς εστέρες της πολυαιθυλενογλυκόλης και μεταλλάχθηκε με εφαρμογή κατευθυνόμενης μεταλλαξογένεσης. Οι τροποποιημένες μορφές που προέκυψαν μελετήθηκαν και η τελική ανασχεδιασμένη μορφή είχε τα επιθυμητά χαρακτηριστικά. Για τη δημιουργία in vitro εξελικτικά ανασχεδιασμένης μορφής του ενζύμου με επιθυμητές αλλαγές στις ιδιότητες του, πραγματοποιήθηκε κατευθυνόμενος εξελικτικός ανασχεδιασμός του ενζύμου L-ασπαραγινάση με τη διαδικασία της περιορισμένης επιμήκυνσης. Τελικός στόχος ήταν να βρεθούν κλώνοι με μειωμένη συγγένεια και δραστικότητα για το υπόστρωμα L-Gln, καθώς επίσης και κλώνοι με αυξημένη θερμοσταθερότητα. Επιλέχθηκαν δύο κλώνοι με μειωμένη δραστικότητα L-γλουταμινάσης (L90I, G281S) και ένας κλώνος με αυξημένη θερμοσταθερότητα (D133V). Οι μεταλλαγμένες μορφές μελετήθηκαν και τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν πως οι μορφές L90I και G281S δεν αναγνώριζαν πλέον την L-γλουταμίνη ως υπόστρωμα. Η δε D133V εμφανίστηκε ιδιαίτερα θερμοσταθερή. Προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί περαιτέρω ο ρόλος του καταλοίπου στη θέση 133 όσον αφορά στην αύξηση της θερμοανθεκτικότητας του ενζύμου, πραγματοποιήθηκε μεταλλαξογένεση κορεσμού στη θέση αυτή. Από τη βιβλιοθήκη που προέκυψε επιλέχθηκαν πέντε κλώνοι, των οποίων η μελέτη έδειξε πως η αμινοξική θέση 133 παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη σταθερότητα του ενζύμου, αλλά υπάρχουν και άλλα αμινοξικά κατάλοιπα τα οποία συνεισφέρουν στην ιδιότητά του αυτή.

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