scholarly journals Experimental investigation on the effect of different slot shapes and configurations on scour dimension downstream of flip buckets

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Eskandari ◽  
Mohammad Heidarnejad ◽  
Alireza Masjedi ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Purmohammadi ◽  
Amirabbas Kamanbedast
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Discharge Energy ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Scour Hole ◽  
Energy Dissipators

Flip buckets at the end of a spillway can dissipate the flood discharge energy. Compared to other energy dissipators, this is a cost-effective structure. The formation of a scour hole downstream of a flip bucket is a topic of interest among hydraulic engineers. The current study investigated scouring downstream of a flip bucket under two major scenarios: (i) free conditions, and (ii) slotted conditions with rectangular and triangular slots configured differently under four different discharge rates. In total, 20 experiments were conducted in this study. Results showed that the use of a deflector slot greatly affected the scour extent and depth, resulting in a greater scour reduction (53%) in the labyrinth rectangular slotted bucket compared to the solid bucket. The results were compared to empirical equations, and a high correlation was observed between them. In comparison, the Taraimovich equation produced more accurate results in control experiments, and the Damle-A and Damle-B equations produced more accurate results in experiments corresponding to labyrinth rectangular and triangular slotted buckets.

scholarly journals Seeking optimal groundwater pumping strategies at Pinggu District in Beijing, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Yang ◽  
G. H. Huang ◽  
X. S. Qin ◽  
L. Li ◽  
W. Li
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Fuzzy Optimization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Chance Constrained Programming ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Beijing China

A simulation-based fuzzy optimization method (SFOM) was proposed for regional groundwater pumping management in considering uncertainties. SFOM enhanced the traditional groundwater management models by incorporating a response matrix model (RMM) into a fuzzy chance-constrained programming (FCCP) framework. RMM was used to approximate the input–output relationship between pumping actions and subsurface hydrologic responses. Due to its explicit expression, RMM could be easily embedded into an optimization model to help seek cost-effective pumping solutions. A groundwater management case in Pinggu District of Beijing, China, was used to demonstrate the method's applicability. The study results showed that the obtained system cost and pumping rates would vary significantly under different confidence levels of constraints satisfaction. The decision-makers could identify the best groundwater pumping strategy through analyzing the tradeoff between the risk of violating the related water resources conservation target and the economic benefit. Compared with traditional approaches, SFOM was particularly advantageous in linking simulation and optimization models together, and tackling uncertainties using fuzzy chance constraints.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of a Rectangular Airlift Pump

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Esen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Airlift Pump

Hydraulic performance of an airlift pump having a rectangular cross-section 20 mm × 80 mm was investigated through an experimental program. The pump was operated at six different submergence ratios and the liquid flow rate was measured at various flowrates of air injected. The effectiveness of the pump, defined as the ratio of the mass of liquid pumped to the mass of air injected, was determined as a function of the mass of air injected for different submergence ratios. Results obtained were compared with those for circular airlift pumps using an analytical model for circular pumps. Effectiveness of the rectangular airlift pump was observed to be comparable to that of the circular pumps. Hydraulic performance of the rectangular airlift pump investigated was then described by a set of semilogarithmic empirical equations.

scholarly journals Cost-utility Analysis of Second-generation Direct-acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Poursamad ◽  
Zahra Goudarzi ◽  
Iman Karimzadeh ◽  
Nahid Jallaly ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Study Results

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to increased mortality, disability, and liver transplantation if left untreated, and it is associated with a possible increase in disease burden in the future, all of which would surely have a significant impact on the health system. New antiviral regimens are effective in the treatment of the disease yet expensive. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of three medication regimens, namely, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), velpatasvir/sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (DCV/SOF) for HCV patients with genotype 1 in Iran. Methods: A Markov model with a lifetime horizon was developed to predict the costs and outcomes of the three mentioned medication therapy strategies. The final outcome of the study was quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), which was obtained using the previously published studies. The study was conducted from the perspective of the Health Ministry; therefore, only direct medical costs were estimated. The results were provided as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY. Ultimately, the one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to measure the strength of study results. Results: The results showed that the QALYs for LDV/SOF, DCV/SOF, and VEL/SOF were 13.25, 13.94, and 14.61, and the costs were 4,807, 7,716, and 4,546$, respectively. The VEL/SOF regimen had lower costs and higher effectiveness than the LDV/SOF and DCV/SOF regimens, making it a dominant strategy. The tornado diagram results showed that the study results had the highest sensitivity to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and compensated cirrhosis (CC) state costs. Moreover, the scatter plots showed that the VEL/SOF was the dominant therapeutic strategy in 73% of the simulations compared to LDV/SOF and 66% of the simulations compared to DCV/SOF; moreover, it was in the acceptable region in 92% of the simulations and below the threshold. Therefore, it was considered the most cost-effective strategy. Moreover, the results showed that DCV/SOF was in the acceptable region below the threshold in 69% of the simulations compared to LDV/SOF. Therefore, the DCV/SOF regimen was more cost-effective than LDV/SOF. Conclusions: According to the present study results, it is suggested that the VEL/SOF regimen be used as the first line of therapy in patients with HCV genotype 1. Moreover, DCV/SOF can be the second-line medication regimen.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Biopharmaceuticals for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis: Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Etanercept

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Jassem Azizpoor ◽  
Elham Aflaki ◽  
Mehdi Rezaee ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease that causes joint destruction. The condition imposes a significant economic burden on patients and societies. The present study is aimed at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Etanercept in treating rheumatoid arthritis in Iran. Methods. This is a cost-effectiveness study of economic evaluation in which the Markov model was used. The study was carried out on 154 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Fars province taking Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Etanercept. The patients were selected through sampling. In this study, the cost data were collected from a community perspective, and the outcomes were the mean reductions in DAS-28 and QALY. The cost data collection form and the EQ-5D questionnaire were also used to collect the required data. The results were presented in the form of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the sensitivity analysis was used to measure the robustness of the study results. The TreeAge Pro and Excel softwares were used to analyze the collected data. Results. The results showed that the mean costs and the QALY rates in the Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Etanercept arms were $ 79,518.33 and 12.34, $ 91,695.59 and 13.25, and $ 87,440.92 and 11.79, respectively. The one-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. In addition, the results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) indicated that on the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve, Infliximab was in the acceptance area and below the threshold in 77% of simulations. The scatter plot was in the mentioned area in 81% and 91% of simulations compared with Adalimumab and Etanercept, respectively, implying lower costs and higher effectiveness than the other two alternatives. Therefore, the strategy was more cost-effective. Conclusion. According to the results of this study, Infliximab was more cost-effective than the other two medications. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians use this medication as the priority in treating rheumatoid arthritis. It is also suggested that health policymakers consider the present study results in preparing treatment guidelines for RA.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE REHABILITATION OF COGNITIVE CAPACITIES OF ADULTS DUE TO A CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION)

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6(58)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Aurelia Glavan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Social

An optimal cognitive functionality ensures the efficiency of day-to-day activities and a person's integration into the socio-economic environment. Cognition is not a unitary concept, it incorporates several domains: attention, memory, executive functions, perception and praxis, language. Cognitive functions are affected as a result of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), manifested by a prevalence of 20% to 80% after a stroke. We have proposed an experimental investigation - the use of the Reuven Feuerstein theory in the cognitive rehabilitation of post-stroke individuals, thus overcoming the social disadvantage and contributing to improving their quality of life, through social inclusion. The principle of mediated learning has proven to be effective in improving the cognitive abilities of post-stroke individuals in addition to medical treatment, representing an alternative service offered by the specialists in cognitive therapy, thus being a quick and cost-effective way of recovering.

Experimental investigation of soiling losses and a novel cost-effective cleaning system for PV modules

Solar Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Majeed ◽  
Adeel Waqas ◽  
Haider Sami ◽  
Majid Ali ◽  
Nadia Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Pv Modules

Evaluation of a Cost-Effective Technology for the Experimental Investigation of Microflows With Water and Liquid Metal

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Galván ◽  
F. Sergio Sellschopp ◽  
Alberto Beltrán ◽  
Joel Vargas ◽  
Michel Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Rectangular Channels ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Darcy Friction Factor ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

Abstract In this technical brief, we investigate the feasibility to use a cost-effective system for the study of frictional losses in hydro- and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. Experiments are performed in rectangular channels with different aspect ratios, whose dimensions range from 500 μm to 1.835 mm. Fabrication is done with conventional technology, and characterization by commercial sensors and open-source electronic prototyping platforms. Water and GaInSn are used as working fluids. GaInSn experiments are performed for one aspect with and without external magnetic field. For these experiments, Reynolds number varies from 80 to 1000. Characterization is performed in terms of the Darcy friction factor. Uncertainty associated with this common fabrication and characterization methodology is presented.

Alternative Materials, Manufacturing Processes, and Structural Designs for Large Wind Turbine Blades

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayton A. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Configurations ◽  
Self Gravity

As part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Partnerships for Advanced Component Technologies program, Global Energy Concepts LLC (GEC) has performed a study concerning innovations in materials, processes and structural configurations for application to wind turbine blades in the multi-megawatt range. Constraints to cost-effective scaling-up of the current commercial blade designs and manufacturing methods are identified, including self-gravity loads, transportation, and environmental considerations. A trade-off study is performed to evaluate the incremental changes in blade cost, weight, and stiffness for a wide range of composite materials, fabric types, and manufacturing processes. Fiberglass/carbon hybrid blades are identified as having a promising combination of cost, weight, stiffness and fatigue resistance. Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, resin film infusion, and pre-impregnated materials are identified as having benefits in reduced volatile emissions, higher fiber content, and improved laminate quality relative to the baseline wet lay-up process. Alternative structural designs are identified, including jointed configurations to facilitate transportation. Based on the study results, recommendations are developed for further evaluation and testing to verify the predicted material and structural performance.

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