Integration of complete elemental mass-balanced stoichiometry and aqueous-phase chemistry for bioprocess modelling of liquid and solid waste treatment systems – Part 1: The physico-chemical framework

Bioprocesses interact with the aqueous environment in which they take place. Currently integrated bioprocess and three-phase (aqueous–gas–solid) multiple strong and weak acid/base system models are being developed for a range of wastewater treatment applications, including anaerobic digestion, biological sulphate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, biological desulphurization and plant-wide wastewater treatment systems. In order to model, measure and control such integrated systems, a thorough understanding of the interaction between the bioprocesses and aqueous-phase multiple strong and weak acid/bases is required. This first in a series of five papers sets out a conceptual framework and methodology for deriving bioprocess stoichiometric equations. It also introduces the relationship between alkalinity changes in bioprocesses and the underlying reaction stoichiometry, which is a key theme of the series. The second paper develops the stoichiometric equations for the main biological transformations that are important in wastewater treatment. The link between the modelling and measurement frameworks, which uses summary measures such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and alkalinity, is described in the third and fourth papers. The fifth paper describes an equilibrium aquatic speciation algorithm which can be combined with bioprocess stoichiometry to provide integrated models of wastewater treatment processes.

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Integration of complete elemental mass-balanced stoichiometry and aqueous-phase chemistry for bioprocess modelling of liquid and solid waste treatment systems − Part 2: Bioprocess stoichiometry

Water SA ◽

10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i3.11858 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (3 July) ◽

Author(s):

CJ Brouckaert ◽

GA Ekama ◽

BM Brouckaert ◽

DS Ikumi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Phase ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Model Development ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Weak Acid ◽

Aqueous Environment ◽

Base System ◽

Speciation Modelling ◽

Phase Chemistry ◽

And Control

Bioprocesses interact with the aqueous environment in which they take place. Integrated bioprocess and three-phase (aqueous−gas−solid) multiple strong and weak acid/base system models are currently being developed for a range of wastewater treatment applications including anaerobic digestion, biological sulphate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, biological desulphurization and plant-wide water and resource recovery facilities. In order to model, measure and control such integrated systems, a thorough understanding of the interactions between the bioprocesses and aqueous phase multiple strong and weak acid/bases are required. In the first of this series of five papers, the generalized procedure for deriving bioprocess stoichiometric equations was explained. This second paper presents the stoichiometric equations for the major biological processes and shows how their structure can be analysed to provide insight into how bioprocesses interact with the aqueous environment. Such insight is essential for confident, effective and reliable use of model development protocols and algorithms. It shows that the composite parameters, total oxygen demand (TOD, electron donating capacity) and alkalinity (proton accepting capacity), are conserved in bioprocess stoichiometry and their changes in the aqueous phase can be calculated from the bioprocess components. In the third paper, the measurement of the organics composition is presented. The link between the modelling and measurement frameworks of the aqueous phase, which uses the composite parameter alkalinity, is described in the fourth paper. Aqueous ionic speciation modelling is described in detail in the fifth.

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Initiating Biodegradation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Aerobic Environment: Technical Note / Zainicjowanie Biodegradacji Poliwinylopirolidonu W Środowisku Wodno-Tlenowym: Notatki Techniczne

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.2478/eces-2013-0015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 199-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marketa Julinova ◽

Jan Kupec ◽

Roman Slavik ◽

Maria Vaskova

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Technical Note ◽

Aerobic Biodegradation ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract A synthetic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP - E 1201) primarily finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its resistance and zero toxicity to organisms. After ingestion, the substance passes through the organism unchanged. Consequently, it enters the systems of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) without decomposing biologically during the waste treatment process, nor does it attach (through sorption) to particles of activated sludge to any significant extent, therefore, it passes through the system of a WWTP, which may cause the substance to accumulate in the natural environment. For this reason the paper investigates the potential to initiate aerobic biodegradation of PVP in the presence of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The following agents were selected as the initiators of the biodegradation process - co-substrates: acrylamide, N-acethylphenylalanine and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a substance with a similar structure to PVP monomer. The biodegradability of PVP in the presence of co-substrates was evaluated on the basis of biological oxygen demand (BOD) as determined via a MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4 respirometer. The total substrate concentration in the suspension equaled 400 mg·dm-3, with the ratio between PVP and the cosubstrate being 1:1, while the concentration of the dry activated sludge was 500 mg·dm-3. Even though there was no occurrence of a significant increase in the biodegradation of PVP alone in the presence of a co-substrate, acrylamide appeared to be the most effective type of co-substrate. Nevertheless, a recorded decrease in the slope of biodegradation curves over time may indicate that a process of primary decomposition was underway, which involves the production of metabolites that inhibit activated sludge microorganisms. The resulting products are not identified at this stage of experimentation.

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A plant-wide aqueous phase chemistry module describing pH variations and ion speciation/pairing in wastewater treatment process models

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 255-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Xavier Flores-Alsina ◽

Christian Kazadi Mbamba ◽

Kimberly Solon ◽

Darko Vrecko ◽

Stephan Tait ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Process Models ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Phase Chemistry ◽

Ph Variations ◽

Chemistry Module

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Recent Trend in Emission of Offensive Odor from Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment Process, and Control Methods with Deodorants and Microbial Products

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL ◽

10.2524/jtappij.68.1384 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 1384-1388

Author(s):

Kenji Hayashi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Recent Trend ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Control Methods ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Paper Wastewater ◽

Microbial Products ◽

And Control

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Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1989.029 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 463-477

Author(s):

Stephen G. Nutt

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Process Control ◽

Petroleum Refinery ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Refinery Wastewater ◽

Statistical Process ◽

Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽

Optimization And Control ◽

And Control ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

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Usacerl's Experiences with Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in the USA

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0182 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (3-4) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

E. D. Smith ◽

R. J. Scholze

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Remote Site ◽

Corps Of Engineers ◽

Military Installations ◽

Recreation Areas ◽

The Usa ◽

Rotating Biological Contactors ◽

The U.S

This paper presents a review of collected experience of one of the U.S. Corps of Engineers research laboratories in the area of small systems for wastewater treatment. Findings and experiences are presented for the use of package plants such as rotating biological contactors (RBCs), and remote site waste treatment at military installations and recreation areas.

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Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0136 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martin M. Karpiscak ◽

Robert J. Freitas ◽

Charles P. Gerba ◽

Luis R. Sanchez ◽

Eylon Shamir

Keyword(s):

Sonoran Desert ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Scirpus Validus ◽

Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

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