Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Luis R. Sanchez ◽  
Eylon Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scirpus Validus ◽  
Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Effect of filter media and hydraulic retention time on the performance of vertical constructed wetland system treating dairy farm wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 200436-0
Author(s):  
Deepa Minakshi ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Sharma ◽  
Anju Rani
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Maximum Removal

This study deals with the dairy wastewater treatment using laboratory scale vertical flow (VF) constructed wetlands with the <i>Canna indica</i> plantation over wetland beds due to phytoremediation capabilities. Three laboratory scale VF CWs (CW-A, CW-B and CW-C) each with an area of 0.135 m2 filled with gravel (CW-A: 20 mm; CW-B:10 mm gravel) and sand (CW-C) receiving 0.04 m3 d-1 dairy wastewater were operated for the wastewater purification. Each unit was operated at three hydraulic retention times (HRTs) i.e. 12 h, 24 h and 48 h for assessing its effect on wastewater purification . Among all units, removal rates fluctuated as: total suspended solids (TSS): 64.2–74.5%; biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 45.3 – 63.1%; ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N): 29.6 – 56.5% and phosphate phosphorous (PO4–P): 20.5 – 57.8% at different HRTs. Increase in HRT showed better removal of pollutants in all CWs. Moreover, maximum removal of pollutants excluding TSS and NH4-N was achieved in CW-B at 48 h HRT. CW-B with similar HRT provided maximum removal of PO4-P (57.8%), BOD (63.1%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD): 67.4%. Increase in the size of filter media, from sand (0.25 mm) to 20 mm gravel resulted in higher removal of NH4 -N from wastewater.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation and upgrade options for existing sequencing batch reactor for nutrient removal

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Jahziel Lantin ◽  
Jeremy Ynnos Abenoja ◽  
Jason Ly ◽  
Cheenee Marie Castillones ◽  
Arnel Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Assessment and upgrade of existing sewage treatment plants (STPs) are necessary due to the revision of the existing effluent regulations which now monitors nutrients including ammonia, nitrate and phosphates. The aim of this study is the performance evaluation of four sequencing batch reactor (SBR) type of STP based on the following parameters: biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrates, ammonia, phosphates and pH; and their potential upgrade based on the revised regulations stated in DAO 2016-08. Four sequencing batch reactor (SBR) type of STP were assessed for 12 weeks for this study. Results showed noncompliance with nutrient levels, thus upgrade is necessary. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria-Analysis (MCA) tool, was used to select the best option for upgrade among options that include (1) additional SBR tank, (2) diverting wastewater to another treatment facility, and (3) converting the SBR into membrane bioreactor (MBR). Considering the criterion for upgrade, option 2 was the most preferred decision followed by option 1 then option 3.

An investigation into the relationship between water quality volume (design storage volume) and stormwater wetland performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1483-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siping Niu ◽  
Kisoo Park ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Youngchul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Wetland

An investigation on free water surface wetland, which has an area of 0.23 ha and is employed to control the non-point source pollution from a watershed of 7.4 ha, was carried out to examine how the WQvr (the ratio of stormwater inflow volume to water quality volume (WQv)) affects the wetland treatment performance. As stormwater went through the wetland, TSS (total suspended solids), TCOD (total chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) were reduced by 85%, 57%, 6% and 68%, on average, respectively. Increase in the WQvr resulted in a decrease in the reduction efficiencies of TSS, TCOD and TP, but a slight increase in TN removal. WQv was identified as a useful parameter for the design of stormwater wetlands, as this volumetric design approach overcomes the variation in flow rate and pollutant concentrations with respect to time and rainfall conditions. However, the design goal of 80% TSS reduction was not accomplished as inflow water volume equal to designed WQv. On the other hand, it was found that TCOD and TP reduction could also be considered as wetland design goals together with TSS. However, TN reduction did not show any significant relationship with the WQv.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of Pennar River, A Fresh Water Wetland in Kerala, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1266-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Joseph ◽  
Claramma Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chloride Salinity

Some physicochemical characteristics of a fresh water wetland were investigated. The analysis was carried out for a period of two years. Physical parameters such as colour, odour, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) total suspended solids (TSS) total dissolved substances (TDS), total solids (TS), turbidity and chemical parameters such as pH, alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, salinity, flouride, phosphate & nitrate were examined. Results of the study indicated that water in Pennar river is highly contaminated and not safe for drinking. Uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, unscrupulous dumping of domestic wastes are the major causes of deterioration of water. Poor quality of drinking water was recorded as the major risk factor for the large-scale water-borne diseases in the area.

scholarly journals Modelamiento del tratamiento biológico de aguas residuales; estudio en planta piloto de contactores biológicos rotatorios.//Modeling of biological wastewater treatment; study in pilot plant of rotating biological contactors.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (28) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Paola Jackeline Duque Sarango ◽  
Catherinne Heras-Naranjo ◽  
Diana Lojano-Criollo ◽  
Tony Viloria
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Comparable Result ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
K Value ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

El presente trabajo estudió el rendimiento del tratamiento biológico mediante un sistema de Contadores Biológicos Rotatorios (CBR) construido a nivel de laboratorio de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Para ello se utilizaron aguas residuales obtenidas de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Ucubamba-Cuenca, se llevó  a cabo un control y operación mediante la medición de parámetros físico químicos; nitratos, nitritos, cloro, amonio, pH, conductividad, sedimentación, turbidez y demanda química de oxígeno. Para luego establecer el modelo cinético de degradación del sustrato y validación del mismo, con los datos obtenidos en el laboratorio. Finalmente, los resultados experimentales fueron comparados con el modelo teórico, obteniéndose un resultado comparable entre ambos; se comprobó un ajuste experimental con un valor k (coeficiente de degradación de la materia orgánica) igual a 0,056 y con un R2 de 0,85 y 0,97 en el modelo teórico y experimental respectivamente. AbstractThe present work studied the performance of the biological treatment through a system of Rotating Biological Counters (RBC) built at the laboratory of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Wastewater obtained from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Ucubamba-Cuenca was used, the control and operation was carried out by measuring physical-chemical parameters; nitrates, nitrites, chlorine, ammonium, pH, conductivity, sedimentation, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand. Next, the kinetic model of substrate degradation was established and validation of the model was done with the data obtained in the laboratory. Finally, the experimental results were compared with the theoretical model, obtaining a comparable result between both; an experimental fit was verified with a k value (coefficient of degradation of organic matter) equal to 0,056 and with an R2 of 0.85 and 0.97 in the theoretical and experimental model respectively.

The Effect of Estuary Type Suspended Solids on Survival of E. coli in Saline Waters

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Milne ◽  
J. C. Curran ◽  
J. S. Findlay ◽  
J. M. Crowther ◽  
S. G. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Solids Concentration

The effect of estuary type suspended solids on E.coli inactivation has been examined in laboratory experiments. The work used artificial seawater, laboratory processed suspended solids and chemostat steady-state E.coli cultures to establish the effect of these physical/chemical parameters on the viability of an E.coli population. Initial E.coli concentrations were 5 × 103. 100ml−1, the temperatures employed were 10°C and 20°C, the suspended solids concentration range was 0 – l00mgl−1, salinity range 10 – 32%o, and the experimental vessels were completely shielded from light. The introduction of suspended solids at a low concentration (ie 5mgl−1) markedly increased the survival time of E.coli at the higher salinities (ie 32% o and 27%o). Suspended solids at higher concentrations (&gt;12.5mgl−1) provided no additional increase in survival time. At low suspended solids concentrations (≤5mgl−1) decreasing salinity increased survival time; at higher suspended solids concentration (&gt;12.5mgl−1) salinities in excess of a critical value, around 27%o, also increased survival times.

scholarly journals Biological Treatment of Dairy Wastewater using Bio Enzyme from Citrus Fruit Peels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater

Wastewater is directly discharged into the ground or other water sources; it causes soil pollution and it affects the nature of the soil. Hence it is necessary to treat the wastewater before discharging. The objective is to treat the dairy wastewater using Bio Enzyme. Bio Enzyme is produced by the fermentation process of citric fruit peels, water, and jaggery. To reduce the time of the fermentation process, yeast is added into the Bio Enzyme. Then the parameters like Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Solids(TS), Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Total Suspended Solids(TSS), pH, Alkalinity, Chlorides and Oil & Grease present in Dairy wastewater after the treatment using Bio Enzyme in different percentages (2%,4%&6%) were found. Then from the results the efficient percentage of Bio Enzyme for treating the Diary Wastewater was found.

scholarly journals Application of aluminum sulfate in the treatment of papermaking white water

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1382-1393
Author(s):  
Xianglan Ming ◽  
Qichao Li ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Plant Fiber ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
White Water ◽  
Produce Plant ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

Physical chemical methods were used to treat papermaking white water used to produce plant fiber mulch sheet that contained fine fibers and inorganic fillers as suspended solids. The ordinary chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) was obviously reduced after the papermaking white water was treated by the flocculant. By comparing three different coagulants (aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)) and flocculant (poly-acrylamide copolymer (PAM)) to process papermaking white water, it was found that Al2(SO4)3 had the best coagulation effect and the lowest cost. The best flocculation conditions were 2,733 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3 and 4.52 mg/L of PAM to treat the papermaking white water. Under the best flocculation conditions, the CODCr was less than 300 mg/L. The goal of closed recycling and zero discharge of white water in the production process of plant fiber mulch sheet was realized.

scholarly journals LAB SCALE STUDY OF HRT AND OLR OPTIMIZATION IN A UASB TREATING SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1030-1035
Author(s):  
Martha N. Chollom ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal ◽  
Feroz M. Swalaha ◽  
Babatunde F. Bakare ◽  
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Biogas Yield

As the quality of most water sources and the environment continue to deteriorate, the public is increasingly concerned about the issues of sustainability. To combat this, strict policies and legislations are being placed to enable the treatment of wastewaters before discharging and possibly reusing it.  Animal slaughterhouses have proven to be important sources of wastewater with high levels of organics such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), fats and proteins. Discharging wastewater without any form of treatment into receiving water bodies has shown to contaminant water sources and as well to be detrimental to aquatic animals. Anaerobic processes have been proposed as a good alternative for the treatment of wastewaters with high or medium organic loads. The production of biogas through anaerobic digestion offers substantial advantages over other biological methods of waste treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of process operational parameters on the performance of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB). The reactor was used for the treatment of a synthetic wastewater which was synthesised to emulate that obtainable from a slaughterhouse. Organic loading rate (OLR) was increased by varying the hydraulic retention times (HRT) from 8−16 hours. The temperature of the reactor was maintained at a constant 35 ̊C while the pH was varied from 6.5 to 7.5. The result of the work indicated an optimum OLR of 4.5−7.5 kgCOD.m-3.d-1 and an optimum COD of 75−86%. Similarly, a biogas yield of 2850 ml/day was found to be the highest at a HRT of 12 hours at the optimum OLR. At the highest OLR, flotation occurred and consequently the active biomass was washed out from the reactor. The results indicated that anaerobic treatment systems are applicable to the treatment of wastewaters with high levels of organics.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics of the ground water table after monsoon: a case study at central Travancore in Kerala

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Sankar S Vishnu ◽  
George Prince ◽  
Thomas Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical

Water quality plays an important role in maintaining plant and animal life. Lack of good quality drinking water and water for sanitation cause health problems. Water quality characteristics arise from a group of physical, chemical and biological factors. The dynamic balance of the aquatic system can be destroyed by human activities resulting in water pollution.Well water has traditionally considered as a safe resource of water for consumption without treatment and extensively used for individual water supply in rural and many urban areas.In this paper a preliminary analysis is done to explore the water quality of selected wells in order to correlate the effect of pollution on water quality at these locations. Water samples are collected from different regions of Vazhappally area located on central travancore of Kerala. These sites are important because people depend only on well water for drinking purpose. The samples are collected from ten locations and analyzed for chemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, acidity, alkainity, hardness, total phosphates, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and Iron content. Samples are also analysed for coliform bacteria which cause pathogenic diseases. Remarkable differences are observed mainly in biological oxygen demand, acidity and hardness. Finally, an attempt has been done to correlate the observed chemical parameters and the waterquality standards. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10501 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 20-27

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