scholarly journals Effects of GnRH, PGF2α and oxytocin treatments on conception rate at the time of artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gümen ◽  
A. Keskin ◽  
G. Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu ◽  
E. Karakaya ◽  
S. Cevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
And Control

In several studies, hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), prostaglandins and oxytocin were used to increase pregnancy rate by inducing ovulation and improving the sperm transport in the female reproductive tract in lactating dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of GnRH, prostaglandin F<sub>2&alpha;</sub> (PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub>) and oxytocin treatments at the time of artificial insemination (AI) after spontaneous oestrus on the conception rate (CR) of lactating dairy cows. Oestrus was detected by visual observations by experienced personnel. All cows (n = 430, 308 Holstein-Frisian and 122 Swedish-Red dairy cows) were inseminated based on the am/pm rule by veterinarians of the farm. After AI, cows were alternately assigned to one of the four treatment groups: (1) GnRH (n = 113); (2) PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> (n = 106);<br />(3) oxytocin (n = 106) and (4) non-treated control (n = 105). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 28&ndash;34 and 58&ndash;64 days post-insemination by transrectal ultrasonography. Conception rates on days 28&ndash;34 and 58&ndash;64 were not different among GnRH (46.0%; 52/113 and 44.3%; 50/113), PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> (37.7%; 40/106 and 35.9%; 38/106) and control (49.5%; 52/105 and 47.6%; 50/105) groups. However, conception rates were lower (P = 0.02) in oxytocin (31.1%; 33/106 and 30.2%; 32/106) than in GnRH and control groups on days 28&ndash;34 and 58&ndash;64. Other covariant factors, such as milk production, days in milk (DIM), breed, parity, service number did not affect the conception rate. Thus, there were no beneficial effects of treatments with GnRH and PGF2&alpha; at the time of AI, and oxytocin had an adverse effect on CR in lactating dairy cows in this study.

25 EFFECT OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT SIZE ON CONCEPTION RATES IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS UTILIZING A REPRODUCTIVE TRACT SCORING SYSTEM

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Young ◽  
F. A. Di Croce ◽  
D. Roper ◽  
J. Harris ◽  
N. Rohrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rates

Reproductive tract scoring (RTS) systems have been effective in evaluating fertility of heifers. A similar RTS system has not been reported in lactating dairy cows pertaining to conception rates following artificial insemination. Objectives of this study include development of a RTS system for lactating dairy cows and determining if RTS had an effect on artificial insemination (AI) success with various types of semen [conventional (CS), sexed (SS)]. During pre-breeding examinations (typically 30–60 DIM) by trained personnel, cows were assigned a RTS (1, 2, or 3) based on size and length of the cervix and uterine horns, but not including status of the ovaries. Tracts for RTS 1 were small, compact uterine horns resting within the pelvic cavity, RTS 2 were intermediate in size with uterine horns resting partially outside the pelvic cavity, and RTS 3 were large, deep tracts resting entirely outside the pelvis into the abdominal cavity. Additionally, cows were evaluated for RTS at a local abattoir before harvest, and tracts collected for volume and length measurements. Volume measurements were collected using Foley catheters and measuring water displaced in the uterine horns at a constant pressure. Length of the vagina, cervix, and uterine horns were measured using a flexible tape. Insemination data analysis was performed using mixed model analysis of variance in Glimmix SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Insemination data included 613, 308, and 572 scores in first, second, and third+ lactation cows, respectively. First-lactation cows had 65.25% with RTS 1, 30.02% RTS 2, and 4.73% RTS 3. Second-lactation cows had 53.25% RTS 1, 39.29% RTS 2, and 7.47% RTS 3. Cows with 3+ lactations had 43.18% RTS 1, 43.88% RTS 2, and 12.94% RTS 3. Cows were artificially inseminated (n = 2401 inseminations) with either CS (n = 1981) or SS (n = 420). Conception rates for CS were 38.65%, 34.26%, and 24.41% for RTS 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = 0.0154 for RTS 1 v. 3). Conception rates for CS (38.65%, RTS 1; 34.26%, RTS 2) were higher compared to SS (21.37%, RTS 1 (P = 0.0001); 20.72%, RTS 2 (P = 0.0186)). No differences were detected between CS (24.40%) and SS (22.35%) within RTS 3; however, observations were limited for SS inseminations with RTS 3. Preliminary data regarding total length (vagina, cervix, and uterine horns; RTS 1, 2, 3 = 103.1 cm, 114.9 cm, 134 cm, respectively) and volume (RTS 1, 2, 3 = 102 mL, 131 mL, 133.3 mL, respectively) suggest both increase as RTS increases but limited observations prevent conclusions at this time. Conception rates indicate smaller reproductive tracts have improved fertility in lactating dairy cows when using CS. Identification of larger reproductive tracts will allow for more economically efficient AI programs by utilising inexpensive, high fertility semen.

scholarly journals Contribution of the female reproductive tract to low fertility in postpartum lactating dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rizos ◽  
F. Carter ◽  
U. Besenfelder ◽  
V. Havlicek ◽  
P. Lonergan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Conception rates after artificial insemination or embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows during summer in florida

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Drost ◽  
J.D. Ambrose ◽  
M-J. Thatcher ◽  
C.K. Cantrell ◽  
K.E. Wolfsdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rates

scholarly journals Luteal Presence and Ovarian Response at the Beginning of a Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol for Lactating Dairy Cows Affect Fertility: A Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Stefan Borchardt ◽  
Alina Pohl ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Rr Relative Risk

Progesterone (P4) concentration during follicular growth has a major impact on fertility response in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Luteal presence at the beginning of a TAI protocol and ovarian response after the first gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection (G1) affect P4 concentration and subsequently pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). A systematic review of the literature and meta-analytical assessment was performed with the objective of evaluating the magnitude of the effect of luteal presence and ovarian response at the beginning of a TAI protocol on P/AI in lactating dairy cows. We considered only studies using synchronisation protocols consisting of GnRH and prostaglandin F 2α. The time interval between G1 and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α) had to range from 5 to 7 d. The time interval between the PGF 2α injection and G2 had to range from 48 to 72 h. We used 28 controlled experiments from 27 published manuscripts including 16,489 cows with the objective of evaluating the effect size of having a functional corpus luteum (CL) at G1 on P/AI. Information regarding ovulatory response after G1 was available for 5676 cows. In a subset of cows (n = 4291), information was available for luteal presence and ovulatory response at the initiation of the TAI protocol. A functional CL at G1 increased (p < 0.001) the relative risk of conceiving (RR (relative risk) = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.21–1.45) in lactating dairy cows. Ovulation after G1 increased (p < 0.001) the relative risk of conceiving (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.20–1.38) in lactating dairy cows. The effect of ovulatory response on P/AI after G1 was affected by luteal presence at G1. In summary, there was a clear benefit on P/AI for cows starting a TAI protocol with a functional CL (+10.5 percentage units) and cows ovulating at the beginning of a TAI protocol (+11.0 percentage units).

Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo C. Chebel ◽  
José E.P. Santos ◽  
James P. Reynolds ◽  
Ronaldo L.A. Cerri ◽  
Sérgio O. Juchem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

scholarly journals PSIII-9 Differences in Conception Rate across Breeding Protocols in Dairy Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
Colin Lynch ◽  
Gerson Oliveira ◽  
Flavio Schenkel ◽  
Christine F Baes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Commercial Farms

Abstract Fertility performance success on dairy farms starts with estrus detection, especially for artificial insemination programs. Detection of estrus has become more difficult over the years due to a decrease in estrus expression in high-producing dairy cows, with up to 60% of ovulations accompanied by no standing mount. In order to alleviate the pressure of estrus detection, management technologies have been developed, including automated detectors of standing heat, activity monitors, automated in-line systems measuring milk progesterone, and hormonal synchronization protocols (FTAI). To gauge the effectiveness of such technologies, records from 647,940 cows across 1,166 herds over the past ten years (total of 3,466,593 breeding records) from herd management software were analyzed. Across all herds, there were 5,804 breeding protocols, of which 2,046 were unique. Due to the wide range of breeding protocols, records were classified as HORMONES, FTAI, HEAT DETECTION and OTHERS. Breeding protocols were classified as HORMONES if they included any hormone treatment. FTAI was a stricter subset of HORMONES, which included only clear FTAI protocols. Protocols were classified as HEAT DETECTION if they were a clear heat detection protocol, with all remaining protocols classified as OTHERS. These classifications resulted in 3,258 protocols classified as HORMONES, of which 2,002 were FTAI, while a further 1,840 were classified as HEAT DETECTION. The remaining 706 codes were classified as OTHER and removed from this study. These classifications provided an initial overview of breeding methods conception rates, with results indicating significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between all protocol groups, as outlined in Table 1. Further analysis will be completed to indicate conception rates from the most commonly used breeding protocols across each of the protocol groups within the 1,192 herds. This work will help provide a better understanding of the expected conception rate of various management technologies on commercial farms.

scholarly journals Impact of heat stress on embryonic development during first 16 days of gestation in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanathan Kasimanickam ◽  
Vanmathy Kasimanickam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjective was to elucidate the effects of heat stress (HS) on embryo development during first 16 gestational days (GD) and circulating hormone concentrations on GD-16 in lactating Holstein cows. Cows in HS and control (CON) groups were exposed to temperature humidity index (THI) of ≥ 73 and < 73, respectively, for 3 weeks before the experiment. GD-7 (67 vs 49%) and GD-16 (52 vs. 31%) conception rates following single insemination were greater (P < 0.01) for CON compared with HS cows. Control cows produced more GD-7 transferrable embryos following superovulation compared with HS cows (84.8 vs 53.1%; P < 0.001). Mean (± SEM) length (45.2 ± 10.6 vs. 59.2 ± 9.1 mm) and weight (31.4 ± 4.3 vs. 42.4 ± 6.2 mg) of GD-16 conceptus were greater for CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Control cows yielded more filamentous conceptus (≥ 25 mm) compared with HS cows (71 vs 45%; P < 0.05). Progesterone (2.09-fold) was higher, and cortisol (1.86-fold), prolactin (1.60-fold), substance-P (1.55-fold), Isoprostane-8 (1.34-fold) and prostaglandin F metabolites (1.97-fold) were lower in CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Progesterone positively, and substance-P, isoprostane-8 and the THI negatively were associated with GD-16 conceptus length (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altered hormones concentrations in heat-stressed cows plausibly resulted in lower GD-7 and GD-16 conception rates, fewer GD-7 transferable embryos, and stunted GD-16 conceptus elongation.

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