scholarly journals Golovinomyces powdery mildews on Asteraceae in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Barbora Mieslerová ◽  
Miloslav Kitner ◽  
Veronika Petřeková ◽  
Jitka Dvořáková ◽  
Michaela Sedlářová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Powdery mildews on the Asteraceae family were surveyed during 2007–2015 in the Czech Republic with the aim to increase our knowledge about occurrence, morphological characteristics and host specificity of powdery mildews on this family. In total, 32 host species with symptoms of powdery mildew were collected, and the fungal species were identified based on microscopic observations. These showed great variability in their morphological characteristics. Our study confirmed the high host specificity of powdery mildew species to their original hosts. A deeper knowledge of the taxonomy of the Asteraceae has brought substantial changes in the delimitation of powdery mildew species. In particular, delimitation of the three varieties of Golovinomyces asterum was studied and discussed.

scholarly journals Long-lasting changes in the species spectrum of cucurbit powdery mildew in the Czech Republic – influence of air temperature changes or random effect?

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S41-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lebeda ◽  
B. Sedláková ◽  
E. Křístková ◽  
M. Vysoudil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Influence Spreading

Two ectoparasite powdery mildew species <i>Golovinomyces cichoracearum</i> (<i>Gc</i>) and <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> (<i>Px</i>) occurring on cucurbits differ, besides other characteristics, by specific ecologic requirements. While <i>Px</i> is common in subtropical and tropical areas and greenhouse crops, <i>Gc</i> occurs more frequently in temperate and cooler areas under field conditions. Their presence on cucurbit field crops (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>, <i>C. maxima</i>, <i>Cucumis sativus</i>) was monitored in the Czechoslovakia (1979–1980) and in the Czech Republic (1995–2007). Their identification was carried out by microscopic observation of the morphological characteristics of the dry conidia on 1527 leaf samples. Data on air temperature in 1979–2007 were provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. In 1979–1980 <i>Gc</i> was identified in 86.0% of samples, <i>Px</i> in 14.0% samples, there was no mixed infection; prevalence of <i>Px</i> was recorded in South Slovakia and South Moravia, and on crops under cover. Since 1995 species <i>Px</i> was recorded each year on field crops in different locations of Bohemia and Moravia, usually in mixed infection with <i>Gc</i>. The average year temperature of 8.1°C for period 1992–2007 was higher than corresponding value of 7.4°C in 1979–1983. Similarly, average temperature in vegetation season of 16.2°C in 1992–2007 was higher than corresponding value of 15.7°C in 1979–1983. The higher air temperature can positively influence spreading of <i>Px</i> in the Czech Republic. Climate variability and effect of their changes are discussed in relationship to the geographic distribution and geographic patterns of cucurbit powdery mildews.

scholarly journals Fungal Trunk Pathogens Associated With Juglans regia in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eichmeier ◽  
J. Pecenka ◽  
M. Spetik ◽  
T. Necas ◽  
I. Ondrasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
English Walnut ◽  
Highly Virulent

Juglans regia L. (English walnut) trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in two regions in the Czech Republic. Isolations were made from diseased branches. In total, 138 fungal isolates representing 10 fungal species were obtained from wood samples and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods: Cadophora novi-eboraci, Cadophora spadicis, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella omnivora, Eutypa lata, Eutypella sp., Peroneutypa scoparia, and Phaeoacremonium sicilianum. Pathogenicity tests conducted under field conditions with all species using the mycelium-plug method indicated that Eutypa lata and Cadophora spp. were highly virulent to woody stems of walnut. This is the first study to detect and identify fungal trunk pathogens associated with diseased walnut trees in Europe.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildews on Trees and Shrubs in Botanical Gardens, Parks and Urban Green Areas in the Czech Republic

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Barbora Mieslerová ◽  
Michaela Sedlářová ◽  
Markéta Michutová ◽  
Veronika Petřeková ◽  
Roger Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

A total of 103 tree and shrub samples infected with powdery mildew were collected during 2002–2019 from locations within parks, botanical gardens and urban green areas within the Czech Republic and the powdery mildews were morphologically analyzed and identified. The most frequently represented genera were: Erysiphe (27, including former genera Microsphaera and Uncinula), Podosphaera (11, including former genus Sphaerotheca), Phyllactinia (3), Sawadaea (2) and Arthrocladiella (1). New records for the Czech Republic were: E. (U.) arcuata, E. (M.) deutziae, E. (M.) euonymicola, E. (U.) flexuosa, E. (M.) platani, E. (M.) symphoricarpi, E. (M.) vanbruntiana var. sambuci-racemosae, E. (U.) ulmi, Po. amelanchieris, Po. (Sph.) pruinosa and Po. (Sph.) spiraeae. The results were compared with the spectrum of powdery mildew species in the surrounding countries (Slovakia; Hungary; Poland and Germany (Bavaria)).

The pathogen of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 538-544
Author(s):  
Ivana Safrankova ◽  
Kolackova P ◽  
Rutivckova G
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
The Czech Republic

Milk thistle is grown in the Czech Republic as a medicinal herb; silymarin is isolated from its achenes and used for the production of liver and gallbladder medicine. The quality and content of the active compound is influenced not only by environmental factors, but also by pests and pathogens. The occurrence of pests of milk thistle variety Silyb was observed in two localities during the years 2011 2013. In the year 2011 the mycoflora of seeds of four milk thistle varieties was determined. Representatives of 15 species were isolated from the seeds, most of them saprophytic. 21 fungal species were isolated and identified from milk thistle plants during the vegetation; Septoria silybi among the most important ones. Possibilities of protection of milt thistle against pathogens are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of gooseberry cultivars resistance to the American gooseberry powdery mildew Sphaerotheca mors uvae Schwein and its chemical control

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
M. Vaverka ◽  
S. Vaverka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Susceptibility Evaluation

In the course of 1993–2001 extensive field trials were carried out to evaluate the resistance (susceptibility) level of 34 gooseberry cultivars to the American gooseberry powdery mildew Sphaerotheca mors uvae Schwein. Cultivars originated from the Czech Republic and from other European countries. Each tested cultivar had 7 trees (5–10 years old). Beside the resistance (susceptibility) evaluation, biological efficacy of 9 fungicides using EPPO methods has been checked at the same number of cultivars and at the same number of gooseberry trees. Highly significant differences of resistance or susceptibility were observed among gooseberry varieties. Analogical results (differences in biological activity of fungicides) have been attained in the course of chemical treatment. 18 cultivars has been classified as low resistant, 12 cultivars as moderate resistant and 4 cultivars as high resistant. None of the tested fungicides proved perfect biological efficacy (100% healthy berries). 4 of them proved high biological effect (more than 90% healthy berries), 3 proved low biological activity (less than 75% healthy berries) and 2 proved moderate biological activity (75–90% healthy berries).

scholarly journals Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P.&nbsp;banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P.&nbsp;leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P.&nbsp;ponderosa P. et C.&nbsp;Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens &nbsp;Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2&ndash;4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

First record of powdery mildew on Homalocladium platycladum in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lebeda ◽  
B. Mieslerová ◽  
V. Rybka ◽  
M. Sedlářová ◽  
I. Petrželová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Severity of powdery mildew on winter barley in the Czech Republic in 1976–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
High Disease Severity ◽  
Important Disease

Results of scoring the reaction to powdery mildew of 240 winter barley varieties that were gradually included in 392 Czech Official Trials conducted at 21 locations were analysed. The reaction of the varieties was determined on the basis of the level of infection by the disease. Therefore, the data can also be used to assess the disease severity in years and at locations. Several characteristics indicative of disease severity were considered, including the disease severity coefficient (= average infection of susceptible varieties in trials with a high disease severity/the proportion of such trials). The value of the coefficient is inversely proportional to disease severity. The highest powdery mildew severity was found in 1976, and the years 1988, 1990 and 2003 were characterised by high infection of the examined varieties. In contrast, the disease was practically absent in 1979 and 1982, and its severity was also low in 1978, 1981, 1985, 1991 and 1998. Very low disease severity was found for the period 1977–1982 when insufficient disease severity was found on average in 78% of the trials and high disease severity in only 6% of the trials. The highest disease severity was found at locations Trutnov, Horažďovice and Chrastava. The analysis of data from a large number of field trials conducted at various locations for a period of 30 years confirmed that powdery mildew is an important disease of winter barley in the Czech Republic. Known genetic sources of resistance and current methods, such as marker assisted selection, enable breeders to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Fabian two-row winter barley

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Z. Nesvadba ◽  
J. Špunar ◽  
M. Kadlíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Very High

Fabian is a medium-late two-row feedin barley of winter habit developed at Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměř&iacute;ž, Czech Republic (breeders&rsquo; rights holder) and registered in the Czech Republic in 2011. In the Official Variety Trials it showed high grain yields under intensive growing conditions (104.5%) and medium yields under low input conditions (101.1%). Fabian has the highest cold hardiness of the registered two-row winter barleys and regenerates very well in the spring. Its resistance to powdery mildew is very high (score 8.2 on a 1&ndash;9 scale). It has medium plant height, moderate resistance to lodging and large yellow kernel. The spike is long and of medium density.

scholarly journals Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Random Samples

The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85&ndash;100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1&ndash;40.1%) were found to only three resistance genes that have not been described yet; their preliminary designations are Ml(Va), Ml(Dt) and Ml(Ca). The importance of resistance of winter barley cultivars is discussed with respect to limiting the speed with which the pathogen adapts to genetic resistances possessed by commercial cultivars of both winter and spring barley, and to the necessity of lowering the costs for powdery mildew control in barley.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document